• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.134-139
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 조간대에서 유출된 기름의 표착 및 침투과정을 파악하고, 침투된 기름의 해수 침투차단 여부를 검토하는 것을 목적으로 하여 모의 조간대를 이용하여 연구를 수행하였다. 표착된 기름의 침투깊이는 분산유가 가장 낮았으며, 풍화유 그리고 원유의 순서로 깊어지는 경향을 나타냈다. 그리고 기름의 침투는 표착된 기름의 양에 의해 좌우되는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 유출된 기름의 침투는 첫번째 조석에서 거의 대부분 결정되며 그이후에는 거의 변화가 없었다. 침투된 기름은 토양 표층으로부터 2 cm 부분이 가장 농도가 높음을 알았다. 기름의 침투량의 증가와 더불어 해수의 침투량이 감소하였으며, 분산유보다는 원유나 풍화유가 보다 많은 양의 해수를 차단하였다. 따라서 해수의 침투량의 차단이라는 관점에서 볼 때 연안 조간대에서 표착유의 저서생물에 대한 피해는 풍화유나 원유가 분산유보다 클것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.411-422
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• 1986

부산해운대 동백섬 연안천해에 분포하는 노래미 개체군의 식성을 파악하기 위해 노래미의 위내용물을 분석하고 환경생물을 조사했다. 노래미의 주된 먹이 생물은 amphipoda 및 isopoda에 속하는 갑각류였다. 특히, Gammaridae는 모든 계절에서 어느 연령군의 노래미의 위내용물로부터 우점적으로 출현했다. Caprella sp.는 산란직전의 $8{\sim}9$월에 많이 나타났다. Synidotea laevidorsalis는 위내용물에서 개체수로서는 조성비가 낮았지만, 용적으로서는 Gammaridae 다음으로 조성비가 높았다. 저연령어는 크기가 작은 Gammaridae, Caprella sp., Dynamene sp.를 많이 먹었으며, 고연령어는 크기가 큰 S. laevidorsalis, Polychaeta, Reptantia를 많이 먹었다. 노래미 암수 간의 먹이 생물 차는 없었다. 연중 적극적(positive)으로 선택섭식된 먹이 생물은 Caprella sp.였다. Gammaridae는 봄과 가을(10,11월)에는 적극적으로 섭식되었으나, 여름과 9월에는 소극적(negative)으로 섭식되었다. 먹이 생물의 섭식량은 고연령군일수록 많았다. 노래미가 성장할수록 섭식하는 먹이 생물의 종류는 다양했다. 소형의 먹이 생물은 노래미의 어느 연령군의 위내용물에서도 고루 출현하였다. 한편 대형의 먹이 생물의 경우에는 노래미의 나이가 많을수록 위내용물에서 출현하는 크기가 증가했다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2012

국제해사기구(IMO)는 선박평형수를 통한 수중생물의 이동을 막기 위해, 2004년 선박 평형수와 침전물 통제 및 관리를 위한 국제협약을 채택하였다. 34개 선박평형수 처리장치가 IMO 활성물질 승인을 받았고, 이 가운데 20개 처리장치가 최종승인을 받았다. 본 논문에서는 IMO 활성물질 승인을 받은 처리장치에 대한 작용 원리와 총잔류산화제(TRO) 농도를 고찰하였다. TRO 최대 허용 배출 농도는 중화장치를 통해 낮추어 대부분 0.2 ppm 이하의 농도를 보였으나, 최대 처리 허용 농도는 장치별로 1-15 ppm으로 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 처리장치 별로 TRO 처리 허용 농도의 차이는 처리장치의 특성 및 필터의 유무와 종류 등과의 연관성 보다는 생물 사멸시험 시 생물종 특성과 수온, 탁도 등 수질 특성에 기인하는 바가 크다고 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.225-229
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• 2003

Plant ash and soil drainage, derived by frequent mountain fires during winter, might cause biological contamination to seaweeds at seashore and river mouse area. To thalli of Ulva pertusa, maximum non-lethal concentration(MNLC), lethal concentration 50 $(LC_{50})$ and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of pine needle ash were shown as 60, 350 and 550 mg/mL, respectively. The yellow loess and granite sand did not damage at concentrations of 20 and 200 mg/mL, respectively To thalli of Porphyra yezoensis, the MNLC, LC5O, MLC of pine needle ash were shown as 0.08, 0.4 and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. Effects of yellow loess and granite sand were approximately 1/2 and 1/10 of the ash. To thalli of Undaria pinnatifida, the pine needle ash, yellow loess and granite sand did not damage at the concentration range of 20 to 40 mg/mL. Change of pigments $(chlorophyll\;\alpha,\;lutein,\;\beta-carotene,\;phycoerthrin)$ was also determined at the MNLC, $LC-{50}$ and MLC of pine needle ash. Among three seaweeds tested, P. yezoensis produced the most 2.7-fold of lutein and 2.3-fold of $\beta-carotene$ at $LC-{50}$ of the ash. Thus the P. yezoensis, appeared as a sensitive indicator, could be used as one of test organisms for determination of the biological effect of pollutants contaminated in marine environment.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2014

선박 평형수는 해양 유기체와 함께 타 지역의 바다에 배출되며, 이는 해양 생태계 교란을 야기했다. 이 환경적 위험 요인을 제거하기 위하여 IMO에서는 모든 선박에 선박 평형수 처리 시스템(BWTS)의 장착을 의무화 하였다. 모니터링 시스템은 여러 해양에 흩어져 있는 선박으로부터 수집된 BWTS의 센서 정보를 분석함으로써 BWTS의 고장을 진단하고 예측한다. 본 논문은 위성 통신 비용을 고려한 BWTS 원격 모니터링 시스템의 통신 프레임웍에 대한 설계 및 구현을 제시한다. 본 연구에서는 랩뷰 프로그램에 의하여 안전하고 비용 절감을 위한 통신 모듈을 구현하였는데, 수집된 센서 정보는 RIO에서 수행되는 랩뷰 모듈을 통하여 암호화되고 압축되어 육지 통신 서버로 전송되며, 모니터링 가능하도록 복호화를 한다. 결과를 검증하기 위하여 수집된 센서 데이터를 모니터링 서버가 사용하기까지의 과정을 모니터링 하는 실험 모듈을 제작하였고, 모든 경위의 데이터 형식에 대하여 20번의 실험을 수행한 결과 기능성과 신뢰성에서 우수함을 증명하였다.

• ALGAE
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.373-378
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• 2016

Cochlodinium polykrikoides is a red-tide forming dinoflagellate that causes significant worldwide impacts on aquaculture industries and the marine ecosystem. There have been extensive studies on managing and preventing C. polykrikoides blooms, but it has been difficult to identify an effective method to control the bloom development. There is also limited genome information on the molecular mechanisms involved in its various ecophysiology and metabolism processes. Thus, comprehensive genome information is required to better understand harmful algal blooms caused by C. polykrikoides. We estimated the C. polykrikoides genome size using flow cytometry, with detection of the fluorescence of DNA stained with propidium iodide (PI). The nuclear genome size of C. polykrikoides was 100.97 Gb, as calculated by comparing its mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) to the MFI of Mus musculus, which is 2.8 Gb. The exceptionally large genome size of C. polykrikoides might indicate its complex physiological and metabolic characteristics. Our optimized protocol for estimating the nuclear genome size of a dinoflagellate using flow cytometry with PI can be applied in studies of other marine organisms.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Physiological response of fish and bivalve was estimated to identify the physiological changes of test species by lowering water temperature due to the abrupt stop of cooling water discharge from power plant. The experiment was conducted by two conditions; fall and winter by decreasing water temperature ($2^{\circ}C$/2 days) from $26^{\circ}C$ to $17^{\circ}C$ for fall scenario and from $15^{\circ}C$ to $9^{\circ}C$ for winter scenario, respectively. Test organisms were parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciantus) and bivalve (Gomphina melanaegis), and end points were mortality for both species, hematocrit and cortisol for fish, and hemolymph and superoxide dismutase(SOD) for bivalve. 48/96hr mortality test revealed no mortality for fish and 47% mortality for bivalve at 96hr/$26^{\circ}C$ only. Significant increases of hematocrit and cortisol were found at fishes exposed to $26^{\circ}C$ (high temperature) and lower temperature ($9{\sim}13^{\circ}C$), respectively. Hemolymph and SOD for bivalve tended to decrease by lowering water temperature from 15 to $9^{\circ}C$ (winter scenario) and no changes from 26 to $17^{\circ}C$ (fall scenario). Fall scenario (from 15 to $9^{\circ}C$) showed more significant changes of physiological response than winter cases (26 to $17^{\circ}C$).

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.285-289
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• 2006

In screening of algicidal bacteria, we isolated a marine bacterium which had potent algicidal effects on harmful algal bloom (HAB) species. This organism was identified as a strain very close to Bacillus subtilisby 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This bacterium, Bacillus sp. SY-1, produces very active algicidal compounds against the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides. We isolated three algicidal compounds (MS 1056, 1070, 1084) and identified them by amino acid analyses, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), $^1H$, $^{13}C$, and extensive two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) techniques including $^1H-^{15}N$ HMBC analysis. One of them, MS 1056, contains a b-amino acid residue with an alkyl side chain of $C_{15}$. MS 1056, 1070, and 1084 showed algicidal activities against C. polykrikoides with an $LC_{50}$ (6 hrs) of 2.3, 0.8, $0.6\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. These compounds also showed significant algicidal activities against other harmful dinoflagellates and raphidophytes. In contrast, MS 1084 showed no significant growth inhibition against various organisms coexisting with HAB species in natural environments, including bacteria, eukaryotic microalgae, and cyanobacteria, although it inhibited growth of some fungi and yeasts. These observations imply that algicidal bacterium Bacillus sp. SY-1 and its algicidal compounds could play an important role in regulating the onset and development of HABs in the natural environments.

• ALGAE
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.243-256
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• 2016

Concerns about how ocean acidification will impact marine organisms have steadily increased in recent years, but there is a lack of knowledge on the responses of macroalgae. Here, we adopt an outdoor continuous-flowing mesocosm system designed for ocean acidification experiment that allows high CO₂ conditions to vary with natural fluctuations in the environment. Following the establishment of the mesocosm, five species of macroalgae that are common along the coast of Korea (namely Ulva pertusa, Codium fragile, Sargassum thunbergii, S. horneri, and Prionitis cornea) were exposed to three different CO₂ concentrations: ambient (×1) and elevated CO₂ (2× and 4× ambient), over two-week period, and their ecophysiological traits were measured. Results indicated that both photosynthesis and growth exhibited species-specific responses to the different CO₂ concentrations. Most notably, photosynthesis and growth increased in S. thunbergii when exposed to elevated CO₂ conditions but decreased in P. cornea. The preference for different inorganic carbon species (CO₂ and HCO₃⁻), which were estimated by gross photosynthesis in the presence and absence of the external carbonic anhydrase (eCA) inhibitor acetazolamide, were also found to vary among species and CO₂ treatments. Specifically, the two Sargassum species exhibited decreased eCA inhibition of photosynthesis with increased growth when exposed to high CO₂ conditions. In contrast, growth of U. pertusa and C. fragile were not notably affected by increased CO₂. Together, these results suggest that the five species of macroalgae may respond differently to changes in ocean acidity, with species-specific responses based on their differentiated photosynthetic acclimation. Understanding these physiological changes might allow us to better predict future changes in macroalgal communities in a more acidic ocean.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.506-514
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• 2020

We investigated seed management and feeding regime of larval red spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara using live food organisms. Fertilized eggs were produced in March 2020 by manipulating photoperiod and water temperature. Broodstock (F0) produced approximately 0.30×10⁶ eggs, of which 0.25×10⁶ were fertilized; first-generation broodstock (F1) produced 2.00×10⁶ eggs, of which 1.90×10⁶ were fertilized. Larvae were reared at temperatures of 21.0-24.5℃. The feeding regime consisted of rotifers Artemia, and commercial pellet feed. From 5-8 days after hatching (dah), rotifers collected from high-density incubation tanks were fed to grouper larvae at a density of 10-20 individuals/mL. From 9-30 dah, rotifers collected from low-density incubation tanks were fed to larvae at a density of 10-20 individuals/mL. Newly hatched Artemia were provided from 20-24 dah and enriched Artemia from 25-50 dah. Commercial pellet feed was given starting at 13 dah. The average mouth size in hatchlings was 263.4±3.7 ㎛ at 5 dah, 406.7±21.0 ㎛ at 11 dah, and 856.9±136.6 ㎛ at 21 dah. At 1 dah, larvae had a mean total length of 1.95±0.06 mm. At 66 dah, the mean TL was 4.0 cm. The final number of surviving red spotted grouper larvae was 218,380 fishes.