• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.103-104
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• 2006

The following instruction gives you a guideline the method of application for ABS, Ergonomics design

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2001

Human factors is a key issue in the maritime industry including ship design and navigation safety. Human factors for ship design is to optimize safety and convenience of crews and passengers. And human factors for navigation safety is to minimize marine accident occurrence by human and organizational error. There are several technical requirements to incorporate human factors and marine system Risk analysis. human behaviour analysis and human M&S(modeling and simulation) are examples of technical requirements. This paper provides the key issues and technologies of human factors for ship design and navigation safety.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.191-196
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• 2012

Objective: The Work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) have been a problem on industrial occupational safety and health in Korean shipyard industry. It has been a big social problem. Background: As a result, Korean government enacted a law to prevent musculoskeletal disorders at work and some major companies have already implemented an ergonomics program. Method: This paper presents a study on the effect of an ergonomics program in a Korean shipbuilding company during the last ten years. Conclusion: The Incidence of WMSDs, the worker's compensation cost and the lost time were decreased after implementation of the ergonomics program. Application: The results of the publishing will help efficient operation of MSDs prevention activity in other companies.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.137-150
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• 2011

Nationally and internationally reported statistics on marine accidents show that 80% or more of all marine accidents are caused fully or in part by human error. According to the statistics of marine accident causes from Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal(KMST), operating errors are implicated in 78.7% of all marine accidents that occurred from 2002 to 2006. In the case of the collision accidents, about 95% of all collision accidents are caused by operating errors, and those human error related collision accidents are mostly caused by failure of maintaining proper lookout and breach of the regulations for preventing collision. One way of reducing the probability of occurrence of the human error related marine accidents effectively is by investigating and understanding the role of the human elements in accident causation. In this paper, causal factors/root causes classification systems for marine accident investigation were reviewed and some typical human error analysis methods used in shipping industry were described in detail. This paper also proposed a human error analysis method that contains a cognitive process model, a human error analysis technique(Maritime HFACS) and a marine accident causal chains, and then its application to the actual marine accident was provided as a case study in order to demonstrate the framework of the method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2013

Leisure activities alter overland tourism into marine tourism according to a rise in national income. It is expected that the leisure boat with period of introduction in marine tourism will be developed rapidly. It needs to unite with marine technology, optimized layout design, interior design and so on in order to build a yacht of high quality. Because optimized layout design and interior design technique increase the added value of the yacht, it needs to be convergence technology between Ergonomics, Sensibility Ergonomics, and design technique. In this study, we analyzed traffic line of crews in a sailing yacht and assessed working posture using OWAS, RULA and REBA tools. Also we suggested tips of Ergonomic design in the sailing yacht.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.579-587
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study is to measure the workload of Korea coastal ship crew members, to investigate whether they are following work-break time regulations and to identify the main causes of their workload. Background: According to the US Coast Guard, about 33% of human casualties are reported to be due to fatigue, and 30% of marine casualties reported by the British Marine Accident Investigation Agency (MAIB) are attributed to crew fatigue. But the coastal ship are not managed for business hours and breaks despite the harsh environment. Method: The workload of duty crew members on the 100 domestic coastal vessels was measured. It was also investigated whether they are following domestic and international work-break time regulations. Finally, the marine accidents resulted from the fatigue of the crew was analyzed. Results: As a result of workload analysis, the workload on the 42~62% of the vessels exceeded the standard of working time on the related regulation. The workload increased with the number of inbound and outbound ports. Especially, in the system where there are two seafarers, the workload exceeded the working time requirement. As a result of the marine accidents analysis on 100 vessels, it was found that collision and grounding occurred due to fatigue, workload and drowsiness in 7 marine accidents out of 30 marine accidents. Conclusion: It is necessary for the shipping companies to introduce an operation management manual for the management of the crews' workload and reasonable crew arrangement. It is also required for crew members to easily record work times and for shipping companies to manage the record. It would be possible to prevent many marine accidents by providing adequate rest to the crews and flexibly adjusting their working hours. Application: The results of this study can be used as fundamental data to manage crews' fatigue and to make job management manuals.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.693-699
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• 2010

Korea has been took the top ranking in the global shipbuilding industry in terms of new orders, order backlogs and the volume of vessels for several years. However, the domestic small- and medium-scale shipbuilders currently face imminent threat from China and new challenge to focus on development of high value-added ships. So far, the marine leisure industry of Korea has been showed weak global competitiveness and there were few attempts to design and develop leisure boats and yachts. We describe the digital design process of leisure boat exterior that could reflect user's sensibilities and feelings of entire forms of the products. This design process contains stepwise sensibility evaluation via web and provides designers with various and fast feedbacks about their design outputs in each design stage.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.127-135
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• 2011

The nuclear power plants and chemical industries are trying to find human error to prevent occupational injury. The ratio of occupational injury is higher than the other industries in shipbuilding industry. It is known that the most important reason is human error. Recently, the shipbuilding industries interest in human error to prevent occupational injury. This paper outlines four approaches of human error identification used in shipbuilding industry such as survey of occupational injury, root cause analysis, risk assessment, and performance shaping factors. Finally, this paper proposes the interventions of ergonomics for preventing the human errors.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2011

The study was constructed an analysis of postures of a expert diver's wearing and taking off with skinscuba equipment using ergonomics tools(REBA, RULA, OWAS) for prevention of Musculoskeletal injuries. This survey is consisted of 4 postures in terms of wearing and taking off : Crouching(alone), Standing(alone), Helping of assistance, Using of stanchion. Their rate of injuries is getting higher due to instability postures, exposed dangers and excessive physical actions. So this study provides basic and educational information for prevention of that. The result is as follows : The result of crouching postures of wearing alone was REBA 9(Ac Level 3), RULA 7(Ac Level 4), OWAS AC 2, and crouching postures of taking off alone was REBA 12(Ac Level 4), RULA 7(Ac Level 4), OWAS AC 4. The result of standing postures of wearing alone was REBA 8(Ac Level 3), RULA 7(Ac Level 4), OWAS AC 3, and standing postures of taking off alone was REBA 8(Ac Level 3), RULA 7(Ac Level 4), OWAS AC 3. The result of helping of assistance postures of wearing was REBA 4(Ac Level 2), RULA 3(Ac Level 2), OWAS AC 2, and standing postures of taking off alone was REBA 4(Ac Level 2), RULA 4(Ac Level 2), OWAS AC 1. The result of using of stanchion postures of wearing was REBA 3(Ac Level 1), RULA 3(Ac Level 2), OWAS AC 1, and standing postures of taking off alone was REBA 3(Ac Level 1), RULA 3(Ac Level 2), OWAS AC 1. Especially both postures of wearing and taking off alone showed high results in the analysis of postures using ergonomics tools(REBA, RULA, OWAS).

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.485-498
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to survey and compare three systemic accident investigation techniques of Accimap, STAMP and FRAM, based on the application studies of the Sewol ferry accident. Background: Traditional accident investigation methods such as domino models, FTA, etc. work well for losses caused by physical component failures or actions of human in relatively simple systems, but are unable to depict mechanisms generating errors and violations in the current complex socio-technical systems. For better understanding the structure and behavior of the socio-technical systems, systemic techniques have been developed and used. Method: This study was mainly based on survey of literatures through surfing webpages of ScienceDirect and Google, and ergonomics relevant journals. The key words of Sewol, Sewol ferry, Sewol ferry accident, etc. were used in the survey. Results: Three systemic accident investigation methods included similar actors in the Sewol ferry accident including government, Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries, Korean Coast Guard, Korean Register of Shipping, Korea Shipping Association, Chonghaejin Marine Company, crew members. The methods graphically represented each level's failures or performance variabilities of relevant functions and relationships between them. It was shown that the systemic methods consider the entire system, ranging from the environment in which the accident occurred, to the role of government in shaping the system of work. Each method has its own comparative pros and cons, but the Accimap has advantages in terms of time of analysis, data required, model complexity and degree of comprehensiveness. Conclusion: This study reviewed and compared three systemic accident investigation methods, which showed that there are systemic characteristics and pros and cons in the methods. Application: The results would be used as a guideline when selecting accident investigation methods.