• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2002

An eddy-resolving free-surface primitive-equation model with nonlinear terrain-following coordinates is established to study the exchange of water masses among the Asian marginal seas and their adjacent waters. A curvilinear coordinate system is used to generate the horizontal grid with a variable resolution for the regional oceans from $5^{\circ}$S to $45^{\circ}$N and $100^{\circ}$E to $155^{\circ}$E. The higher resolution region has about a 10 km by 10 km grid covering the complex geometry of the coastal marginal seas, while the lower resolution region has about a 30 km by 30 km grid covering the eastern Pacific. The model is initialized by the Levitus annual climitology and forced by the monthly mean air-sea fluxes of momentum, heat, and freshwater derived from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set. High-resolution and low-viscosity are identified as the key factors for a better representation of the exchange of waters through narrow straits and passages between the marginal seas and their adjacent waters. The dynamics of the loop currents and eddies in the South China Sea and Celebes Sea are examined in detail. It has found that the anticyclonic loop and detached eddies from the Kuroshio through the Luzon Strait play an important role in transporting warm and salty water into the South China Sea, while the cyclonic circulation of the Mindanao Current in the Celebes Sea plays a role in contributing cold water to the Indonesian throughflow. The deep undercurrent of the western Pacific is shown to provide fresher water to the South China Sea and Celebes Sea. These modeling results suggest that the exchange processes via the narrow straits and passages are of fundamental importance to the maintenance of water masses for the marginal sea region.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2018

Eight different data sets are examined in order to gain insight into the surface heat flux traits of the East Asian marginal seas. In the case of solar radiation of the East Sea (Japan Sea), Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments ver. 2 (CORE2) and the Objectively Analyzed Air-Sea Fluxes (OAFlux) are similar to the observed data at meteorological stations. A combination is sought by averaging these as well as the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)-1 data to acquire more accurate surface heat flux for the East Asian marginal seas. According to the Combination Data, the annual averages of net heat flux of the East Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea are -61.84, -22.42, and $-97.54Wm^{-2}$, respectively. The Kuroshio area to the south of Japan and the southern East Sea were found to have the largest upward annual mean net heat flux during winter, at -460- -300 and at $-370--300Wm^{-2}$, respectively. The long-term fluctuation (1984-2004) of the net heat flux shows a trend of increasing transport of heat from the ocean into the atmosphere throughout the study area.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.107-118
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• 1994

연근해에서의 위성고도계자료의 정확도가 향상됨에 따라 기존에 잘 알려진 Schwiderski 의 전구적 동수력학적 모형보다 더 정확한 조석모형으로 위성고도계자료에서의 조석성분에 대한 보정을 향상시킬 필요가 검증되었다. 초기단계로 오오츠크해, 남중국해와 북서태평양해성을 포함하는 동아시아해역에 대해 기존의 조석모형보다 해상도가 높은 $1/6^\circ$ 격자체계의 조석모형을 수립하여 반일적조$(M_2,\;S_2,\;N_2,\;K_2)$와 일적조$(K_1,\;O_1,\;P_1,\;Q_1)$에 대한 수치모형실험이 이루어졌다. 수립된 조석모형에서 산정된 조화상수들은 모형 영역의 Geosat 위성고도계자료로부터 해면변위를 산정할 때 조석성분을 제거하는데 이용되었다. 이러한 초기적인 갱정절차의 제시는 Schwiderski 의 조화상수로서는 적절히 처리될 수 없는 동아시아해역의 연해에 대해 해면변위를 산정하는데 광범위하게 이용될 수 있다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2001년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.300-303
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• 2001

The first 7 years of altimeter data from the TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) were analyzed to study the surface circulation and its variability in the East Asian Marginal Seas. Long term averaged T/P sea level time series data where compared with in situ sea level measurements from a float-operated type tide gauge around of south Korea and Japan. T/P data are a large contaminated by 60-day tidal aliasing effect, very near the alias periods of M2 and S2. When this 60-day effect is removed, the data agree well with the tide gauge data with 4.6 cm averaged RMS difference. The T/P derived sea level variability reveals clearly the well-known, strong current-topography such as Kuroshio. The T/P mean sea level of North Pacific (NP) was higher than Yellow Sea (YS) and East Sea (ES). The T/P sea level valibility, with strong eddy and meandaring, was the largest in eastern part of Japan and this variability was mainly due to the influence of bottom topography in Kuroshio Extention area.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 한반도 주변 해역의 해수면 및 수온, 염분의 선형 추세 분석을 위한 종합 회귀 도표를 개발하였다. 현장 관측 자료는 품질 관리 과정을 거쳤으며 객관 분석 자료와의 경험적 직교 함수 비교를 통해 검증하여 사용하였다. 종합 회귀 도표를 통해 기존의 연구 결과들과 유사한 선형 회귀 값을 확인하였고, 1983년부터 2013년 기간동안에서의 5년에서 30년 단위의 변동률을 추가로 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 정량적 결과가 향후 해양 장기 추세 관련 연구의 기준 값으로 유용하게 사용될 것을 기대한다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.262-273
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• 2003

기상청에서 현업 예보용으로 사용되는 중규모 기상 모델(MM5/KMA)의 해상풍 예측 결과와 이를 입력 자료로 제 3세대 파랑 모델(WAVEWATCH-III)을 적용하여 2002년 1년 동안의 한반도 주변해역의 해상풍과 파랑 특성을 분석하였다. 모델 결과의 검증을 위해서 해양기상 관측 부이의 관측 자료와 TOPEX/POSEIDON위성의 유의 파고 자료를 이용한 통계 비교 분석을 실시하였다. 관측 값과 모델 결과 사이에 약 60-80%의 상관성을 나타내었고, 연안에 가장 근접해 위치한 칠발도의 풍향을 제외하면, 연안 지역까지의 해상풍과 파고를 본 모델에서 잘 재현하고 있다고 분석되었다. 위의 검증 결과를 토대로 2002년 한반도를 포함한 동아시아 해역의 월평균 해상풍 및 유의파고, 파장, 파주기의 분포도를 제시하였다.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2003년도 International Symposium on Clean Environment
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• pp.37-42
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• 2003

We have analyzed the characteristics of the sea surface winds and wind waves near the Korean marginal seas on the basis of prediction results of the sea surface winds from MM5/KMA model, which is being used for the operation system at the Korea Meteorological observation buoy data to verify the model results during Typhoon events. The correlation coefficients between the models and observation data reach up to about 95％, supporting that these models satisfactorily simulate the sea surface winds and wave heights even at the coastal regions. Based on these verification results, we have carried out numerical experiments about the wave modulation. When there exist an opposite strong current for the propagation direction of the waves or wind direction, wave height and length gets higher and shorter, and vice versa. It is proved that these modulations of wave parameters are well generated when wind speed is relatively week.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.94-108
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• 1994

연근해에서의 위성고도계 자료의 정확도가 향상됨에 따라 기존에 잘 알려져 있는 Schwiderski의 전구적 모형보다 더 정확한 조석모형으로 위성고도계 자료에서의 조석성분에 대한 보정을 향상시킬 필요가 있다. 초기단계로 오오츠크해, 남중국해와 북서태평양역을 포함하는 동아시아 전 해역에 대해 기존의 조석모형보다 해상도가 높은 1/6도 격자체계의 조석모형을 수립하여 반일주조(M$_2$, S$_2$, $N_2$, $K_2$)와 일주조(K$_1$, $O_1$, P$_1$, Q$_1$)의 조석체계에 대한 수치모형실험을 수행하였다. 계산된 결과들과 이 해역에서의 관측치와 기존의 경험적 조사도 및 Schwiderski의 조석도와 비교분석이 이루어졌다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.231-235
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• 1999

A simple analytic model for estimating the volume transport of the Tsushima Current is considered by assuming that the transports through the connecting channels, the Korea and Tsugaru Straits, are geostrophically controled. The model gives a much simpler form of solution than that by Minato and Kimura (1980). It depends no longer on the geometry of the marginal sea and on the thickness of western boundary layer relative to the dimension of the ocean, but considers the geometry of the connecting channels ignored by Nof (1993). The external parameters turn out to be the oceanic meridional sea level difference between the two channels, the depth of the channels and the meridional position of the marginal sea. For typical value of the depth ratio of the channels to the ocean, the model gives an estimate of the Tsushima Current transport of acceptable magnitude.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.335-345
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• 2008

In order to study spatial variabilities and major controlling factors, we measured fugacity of $CO_2(fCO_2)$, temperature, salinity and nutrients in surface waters of the North Pacific($7^{\circ}30'{\sim}33^{\circ}15'N$, $123^{\circ}56'E{\sim}164^{\circ}24'W$) between September$\sim$October 2007. The North Pacific and the marginal sea were distinguished by $fCO_2$ distribution as well as unique characteristics of temperature and salinity. There was a distinct diurnal SST variation in the tropical North Pacific area, and surface $fCO_2$ coincidently showed diurnal variation. In the North Pacific area, surface $fCO_2$ was mainly controlled by temperature, while in the marginal sea area it was primarily dependent on alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations. Air-sea $CO_2$ flux showed a large spatial variation, with a range of $-6.10{\sim}5.06\;mmol\;m^{-2}day^{-1}$. The center of subtropical gyre of North Pacific acted as a source of $CO_2(3.09{\pm}0.95\;mmol\;m^{-2}day^{-1})$. Tropical western North Pacific (i.e. the 'warm pool' area and the subtropical western North Pacific) acted as weak sources of $CO_2$($1.07{\pm}1.20\;mmol\;m^{-2}day^{-1}$ and $0.50{\pm}0.53\;mmol\;m^{-2}day^{-1}$, respectively). In the marginal sea, however, the flux was estimated to be $-0.68{\pm}1.17\;mmol\;m^{-2}day^{-1}$, indicating that this area acted as a sink for $CO_2$.