• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.759-766
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the genetic correlations among the traits used to select young bulls and proven bulls in Hanwoo Performance and Progeny Test Program in Korea. For the estimation of heritabilities and correlations among the growth traits of bulls and carcass traits of progeny steers, 2,532 records of performance tested bull calves and 1,819 records of progeny tested steers were collected from Livestock Improvement Main Center (LIMC), National Agricultural Cooperative Federation (NACF). Fixed effects of mixed model for each traits were selected by using stepwise regression analysis and prior values of variance components were estimated by MTDFREML. The prior values of variance components were estimated with pairwise 2 traits model followed by single trait analysis. The estimated heritability of backfat thickness(BF), dressing percentage(DP), loin-eye muscle area(LMA), marbling score(MS) and weight at 12 months(WT12) was 0.51, 0.32, 0.27, 0.33, 0.50 and 0.26, respectively. Genetic correlation of WT12 of bull calves with backfat thickness, carcass weight and loin-eye muscle area of steers was positive correlation as 0.05, 0.35 and 0.21, respectively. However genetic correlation of WT12 with DP and MS showed negative correlation as 󰠏0.09 and 󰠏0.27, respectively and these negative genetic correlations implies that bulls that may be superior in carcass traits can be lost at the first step of selection and current selection method should be modified to solve this problem.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.813-818
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate effects of supplementation levels of L-leucine in low-lysine diets on growth performance and meat quality parameters in finishing Duroc pigs. A total of fifty-four pigs with an average initial weight of 74±1kg were allotted to one of three dietary treatments. Each treatment had six replications of three pigs per replicate. The treatment diets included 1)a corn-soybean meal basal diet containing lysine as low as 0.45% (CON), 2) basal diet plus 1.5% L-leucine (LEU 1.5), and 3) basal diet plus 3.0% L-leucine (LEU 3.0). No difference was found in ADG, ADFI and Feed/Gain among treatments. In carcass parameters, dressing precent and back-fat thickness were not affected by L-leucine levels, however, longissimus dorsi area tended to increase by supplementation of L-leucine. Marbling score was significantly higher (P<0.05) in LEU 1.5 and LEU 3.0 than in CON. In meat quality parameters, CIE L* of meat color significantly increased (P<0.05) and crude fat tended to increase by supplementation of L-leucine. However, there was no difference in water holding capacity, cooking loss and shear force value. This study suggests that dietary supplementation of L-leucine in low-lysine diets at the end of finishing period can produce high marbled pork which is preferred by Korean consumers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.121-132
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• 2008

A total of 100 pigs were used to investigate the effects of pig breed on proximate, physicochemical, cholesterol, amino acid, fatty acid and sensory properties of loins. Crossbred pigs were alloted into one of five experimental groups [×Duroc(LYD), ×Berkshire (YBB), British Berkshire(BB), Kagoshima Berkshire(KB), Korean native black pig×Wild boars(KW; Sus coraanus)]. Pigs were slaughtered at 110 kg live weight. Moisture content was significantly(p<0.05) higher in KW than those of other pig breeds. Crude protein content was significantly(p<0.05) higher in YBB and KW than in LYD, BB, and KB. Cholesterol content was significantly(p<0.05) higher in YBB than those of other pig breeds. WHC and pH value had lower and shear force had higher(p<0.05) in YBB than those of other pig breeds. In color, LYD was significantly(p<0.05) higher in L* than those of other pig breeds. There was no significant different in a* and brittleness value among the breeds. In fatty acid and amino acid composition, KW had a higher(p<0.05) UFA/SFA, EFA/UFA ratio and EAA content but lower (p<0.05) SAAA. Total amino acid content was significantly(p<0.05) higher in LYD(20.44%) and BB (20.81%) than those of other pig breeds. In fresh meat, breeds affected meat color, drip loss, marbling score, and overall acceptability(p<0.05). Nevertheless, no significant differences were found among the breeds in the sensory parameters evaluated in the cooked meat, except for flavor

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different crude protein levels in the concentrates on carcass and meat quality of Hanwoo steers. A total of thirty 5.3-month-old castrated Hanwoo calves ($135.6{\pm}10.52$ kg) were randomly allocated into either control or treatment group. The animals were separately housed to 5 heads per group. Crude protein levels in concentrates for growing, fattening, and finishing phases were 14, 13, and 11% for control group and 16, 15, and 14% for treatment group respectively. Comparative analysis of carcass characteristics, physico-chemical characteristics, and fatty acid composition in M. longissimus dorsi of Hanwoo steers were carried out. There was no statistical difference in average cold carcass weight between control (411.9 kg) and treatment (419.9 kg) group. Also, dietary crude protein level in concentrates did not affect M. longissimus dorsi area, backfat thickness, and meat yield index. In contrast, the marbling score in treatment group was higher (p<0.05) than the control group. Also, treatment group showed significantly higher (p<0.05) values than control group for CIE L-value, Mono-unsaturated fatty acids and oleic acid composition. Therefore increasing crude protein levels of concentrates in Hanwoo steers during growing and fattening phases might be beneficial for the improvement of meat quality.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.443-449
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• 2013

To develop a diet for Hanwoo steers during the late fattening phase, three different feeding treatments were investigated: a group fed concentrate and rice straw separately (Formula feed), a group fed TMR during the whole late fattening period (TMR), and a group fed TMR plus concentrate (Formula-TMR). Thirty Hanwoo steers 20 months of age (average body weight = 445 kg) were allotted by a completely randomized design into three treatment groups (ten steers in each group). The impact of these treatments on the performance, carcass traits, and blood composition related to body fat synthesis was assessed. The average dry matter and TDN intake were greater in Formula-TMR compared to other treatments (p<0.05); however, body gain, carcass weight, meat production index, and fat color were not affected by dietary type. Blood characteristics, such as concentrations of retinol, insulin, and leptin were not affected by any of the treatments; however the marbling score of the longisimus muscle was significantly higher in Formula-TMR (p<0.05), which was relatively high in blood leptin concentration. The muscle texture, meat quantity index, and meat quality index were highest in the Formula feed, TMR, and Formula-TMR, respectively (p<0.05).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

This study was carried out investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of agricultural by-product feed(persimmon-pell+barley bran+fermented rice bran+activated carbon) on calves disease, growth and carcass characteristics of Korean native steer. A total of twenty Korean native steer were allocated into four feeding group and assigned to four dietary treatments: Control(normal concentrate as a basal diet), T1(1% addition of by-product feeds), T2(3% addition of by-product feeds) and T3(5% addition of by-product feeds). The calf diarrhea was the highest at Control, while T3 was the lowest. The breath disease was the lowest at T2, occurrence with diarrhea and breath disease was the highest at Control. The daily gain was orderly ranked as T2(0.76kg)>T1(0.7kg), T3(0.70kg)>Control(0.67kg). The back fat thickness was orderly ranked as T2>T3>Control>T1, eye muscle area was orderly ranked as T3>T1>Control>T2. Grade of meat quantity was the highest at T1(2.3), but fat color, firmness and maturity tends to have a similar result. The marbling score and quality grade of T2 were the highest at 5.0 and 3.5, respectively. Based on the study, agricultural by-product feeds are able to many used for various purposes at disease reduce, increment of meat quantity and improvement of quality grade.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1537-1544
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• 2015

Meat and carcass quality attributes are of crucial importance influencing consumer preference and profitability in the pork industry. A set of 400 Berkshire pigs were collected from Dasan breeding farm, Namwon, Chonbuk province, Korea that were born between 2012 and 2013. To perform genome wide association studies (GWAS), eleven meat and carcass quality traits were considered, including carcass weight, backfat thickness, pH value after 24 hours (pH24), Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage lightness in meat color (CIE L), redness in meat color (CIE a), yellowness in meat color (CIE b), filtering, drip loss, heat loss, shear force and marbling score. All of the 400 animals were genotyped with the Porcine 62K SNP BeadChips (Illumina Inc., USA). A SAS general linear model procedure (SAS version 9.2) was used to pre-adjust the animal phenotypes before GWAS with sire and sex effects as fixed effects and slaughter age as a covariate. After fitting the fixed and covariate factors in the model, the residuals of the phenotype regressed on additive effects of each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) under a linear regression model (PLINK version 1.07). The significant SNPs after permutation testing at a chromosome-wise level were subjected to stepwise regression analysis to determine the best set of SNP markers. A total of 55 significant (p<0.05) SNPs or quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected on various chromosomes. The QTLs explained from 5.06% to 8.28% of the total phenotypic variation of the traits. Some QTLs with pleiotropic effect were also identified. A pair of significant QTL for pH24 was also found to affect both CIE L and drip loss percentage. The significant QTL after characterization of the functional candidate genes on the QTL or around the QTL region may be effectively and efficiently used in marker assisted selection to achieve enhanced genetic improvement of the trait considered.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1057-1067
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• 2020

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of pedigree errors (PEs) on the accuracy of estimated breeding value (EBV) and genetic gain for carcass traits in Korean Hanwoo cattle. Methods: The raw data set was based on the pedigree records of Korean Hanwoo cattle. The animals' information was obtained using Hanwoo registration records from Korean animal improvement association database. The record comprised of 46,704 animals, where the number of the sires used was 1,298 and the dams were 38,366 animals. The traits considered were carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back fat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS). Errors were introduced in the pedigree dataset through randomly assigning sires to all progenies. The error rates substituted were 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, respectively. A simulation was performed to produce a population of 1,650 animals from the pedigree data. A restricted maximum likelihood based animal model was applied to estimate the EBV, accuracy of the EBV, expected genetic gain, variance components, and heritability (h²) estimates for carcass traits. Correlation of the simulated data under PEs was also estimated using Pearson's method. Results: The results showed that the carcass traits per slaughter year were not consistent. The average CWT, EMA, BFT, and MS were 342.60 kg, 78.76 ㎠, 8.63 mm, and 3.31, respectively. When errors were introduced in the pedigree, the accuracy of EBV, genetic gain and h² of carcass traits was reduced in this study. In addition, the correlation of the simulation was slightly affected under PEs. Conclusion: This study reveals the effect of PEs on the accuracy of EBV and genetic parameters for carcass traits, which provides valuable information for further study in Korean Hanwoo cattle.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2002

Interval mapping using microsatellite markers was employed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the experimental cross between Berkshire and Yorkshire pigs. In order to derive critical values (CV) for test statistics for declaring significance of QTL, permutation test (PT) of Churchill and Doerge method(1994) and the analytical method(LK) of Lander and Kruglyak(1995) were used by each trait and chromosome. 525 $F_2$ progeny phenotypes of five traits(carcass weight, loin eye area, marbling score, cholesterol content, last back fat thickness) and genotypes of 125 markers covering the genome were used. Data were analyzed by line cross regression interval mapping with an F-test every by 1cM. PT CV were based on 10,000 permutations. CV at genome-wise test were 10.5 for LK and ranged from 8.1 to 8.3 for PT, depending on the trait. CV, differed substantially between methods, led to different numbers of quantitative trait loci (QTL) to be detected. PT results in the least stringent CV compared at the same % level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.313-318
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• 2009

TIAF1 is a TGF-${\beta}$1-induced anti-apoptotic factor that plays a critical role in blocking TNF (tumor necrosis factor) cytotoxicity in mouse fibroblasts and participates in TGF-${\beta}$-mediated growth regulation. In this study, we obtained the full-length cDNA sequence of the porcine TIAF1 gene. Real-time PCR further revealed that the TIAF1 gene was expressed at the highest level in liver and kidney with prominent expressions detected in uterus, and lower levels detected in heart, spleen, lung, stomach, small intestine, skeletal muscle and fat of Large White pigs. Sequence analysis indicated that a 6 base-pair deletion mutation existed in the exon of the TIAF1 gene between Meishan and Large White pigs. This mutation induced deletion of Gln and Val amino acids. PCR-RFLP was used to detect the polymorphism in 394 pigs of a "Large White${\times}$Meishan" $F_{2}$ resource population and four purebred pig populations. The frequencies of the A allele (with a 6 bp deletion) were dominant in Chinese Meishan and Bamei pigs, and the frequencies of the B allele (no 6 bp deletion) were dominant in Large White and Landrace pigs. Association analyses revealed that the deletion mutation had highly significant associations (p<0.01) with meat marbling score of the thorax-waist longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle (MM1) and intramuscular fat percentage (IMF), and significant associations (p<0.05) with carcass length (CL). The results presented here supply evidence that the 6 bp deletion mutation in the TIAF1 gene affects porcine meat quality and provides useful information for further porcine breeding.