• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.1022-1031
• /
• 1999

In this paper, we propose the framework of a visual language named VIOLA(VIsual Object-oriented Language for Multimedia Applications), which is developed for web authoring. VIOLA supports the user to construct HTML documents and CGI programs even if he/she doesn't know exact HTML tags and CGI programming. VIOLA, a user interface building part and a programming logic building part are combined by the data-flow model. the user interface building part provides direct manipulation and a WSIKWYG interface, and the program logic building part provides more intuitive interface by using predefined classes and the data-flow model. thus, even a novice user can construct sophisticated applications by simply moving or clicking the mouse. several classes which generate CGI codes are predefined, and they are represented with highly abstracted visual components, By reusing predefined classes, CGI codes are automatically generated. In VIOLA, all major steps in builidng generated wit HTML documents and Java CGI programs.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.244-251
• /
• 2010

Standardized parenteral nutrition is required to improve patient's safety, clinical appropriateness and to increase uniformity between institution and institutions. We assessed the consistency with the American society for parenteral and enteral nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) practice guideline for PN by evaluating current practice process for parenteral nutrition formulation in inpatients pharmacies in Korea. Each question in this survey was based on 2007 A.S.P.E.N. recommendations of standard parenteral nutrition formulation, the American society of health-system pharmacists (ASHP), and the United State Pharmacopoeia (USP) Chapter 797 guideline for compounding parenteral nutritions. All 90 Korean society of hospital pharmacist (KSHP) member directors of pharmacy were requested to respond to the survey in order to compare the survey results to ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings (2002) in compliance with A.S.P.E.N. guideline. We had final response rate of 35.6%. 25 (100%) hospitals complied with this Garb guideline (response rate was 84.4%) which was the highest compliance. Only 17.9% of hospital pharmacies were actively involved in complications monitoring. Monitoring complications and efficacy were least in compliance with the A.S.P.E.N. guideline. 69.0% of Korean pharmacists adjusted medication dosage based on disease state or monitoring laboratory data in compliance with the A.S.P.E.N. guideline. Over 50% of the hospital pharmacies failed to provide and evaluate staff training in aseptic manipulation skills periodically. Korean hospital pharmacies need to comply with the standard practice guideline for compounding sterile preparation in order to provide better quality of parenteral nutrition service for specific patient population.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• v.2
• /
• pp.570-573
• /
• 2006

College GIS and remote sensing education usually consists of commercial software packages implementations in the classroom. Computer programming is quite important when college graduates work in private or public sectors relevant with GIS and remote sensing implementations. The objective of this paper was to develop a valley management system which implements GIS and remote sensing as the key components for education. The Valley Authority is entitled with water resource protection for sustainable drinking water supply of the second largest city in Taiwan. The test area consists of three different government agencies, Forest Service, EPA, and Water Resource Agency. Materials were provided by the Valley Authority in ArcGIS file format. MapObjects have made the GIS development process much easier. Remote sensing with image manipulation functions were provided by computer programming with Visual Baisc.NET and Visual C#.NET. Attributes inquiry are performed by these two computer languages as well. ArcGIS and ArcPad are also used for simple GIS manipulations of the test area. Comparison between DIY and commercial GIS can be made by college students. Functions provided by the developed valley management system depending on how many map layers have been used and what types of MapObjects components have been used. Computer programming experience is not essential but can be helpful for a college student. The whole process is a step-by-step sequence which college students can modify to depict their capability in GIS and remote sensing. The development process has gone through one semester, three hours every week in 18 weeks. College students enrolled in this class entitled with GIS showed remarkable progresses both in GIS and remote sensing.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.29 no.12
• /
• pp.774-780
• /
• 2019

The performance of Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors (asymmetric-type) depends on many factors such as the capacity ratio, material properties, cell designs and operating conditions. Among these, in consideration of balanced electrochemical reactions, the capacity ratio of the negative (anode) to positive (cathode) electrode is one of the most important factors to design the Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors for high energy storing performance. We assemble Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors using activated carbon (AC) as anode material, lithium manganese oxide as cathode material, and organic electrolyte (1 mol L^-1 LiPF₆ in acetonitrile). At this point, the thickness of the anode electrode is controlled at 160, 200, and 240 ㎛. Also, thickness of cathode electrode is fixed at 60 ㎛. Then, the effect of negative and positive electrode ratio on the electrochemical performance of AC/LiMn₂O₄ Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors is investigated, especially in the terms of capacity and cyclability at high current density. In this study, we demonstrate the relationship of capacity ratio between anode and cathode electrode, and the excellent electrochemical performance of AC/LiMn₂O₄ Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors. The remarkable capability of these materials proves that manipulation of the capacity ratio is a promising technology for high-performance Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.929-935
• /
• 1990

Violence in our society, combined with improving transport system, resulted in increased numbers of patients with cardiac wounds reaching the hospital alive. Most patients with penetrating cardiac injury, rather than blunt injury, present with a syndrome of either hemorrhagic shock or cardiac tamponade. And they should be operated upon as soon as possible. Often the atrioventricular valves and other important cardiac structures are also damaged by the penetrating instruments or missile. Both intracardiac communications and atrioventricular fistulas may result in significant left-to-right shunts accompanied by congestive heart failure, necessitating surgical correction. Usually, retained cardiac foreign bodies, which are almost always bullets or fragments of missiles, may lie within a cardiac chamber or in the myocardium. Emboli of bullets or other missiles from distant sites to the right side of the heart are numerous enough to require attention. Recently we experienced a case with intracardiac foreign body due to penetrating cardiac injury. A 19 year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to penetrating anterior chest wound by iron segment. The roentgenogram of the chest revealed a radio-opaque metallic shadow in left lower chest around the cardiac apex, mild blunting of left costophrenic space, but no cardiomegaly. During operation the foreign body was noted to be present in the cardiac chamber by the portable C-arm fluoroscopy. But during the manipulation it moved into left inferior pulmonary vein from left ventricle by way of left atrium. So we could manage to remove it from left inferior pulmonary vein by direct approach to the vein. It was iron segment, sized 0.lcm x0.6cmx0.5cm, with sharp margins. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery except for chylopericardium and was discharged.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.1612-1616
• /
• 2005

In this paper, a Home Mess-Cleanup Robot(HMR), which has a practical function of the automatic mess-cleanup, is developed. The vacuum-cleaner had made the burden of house chore lighten but the operation labour of a vacuum-cleaner had been so severe. Recently, the cleaning robot was producted to perfectly solve the cleaning labour of a house but it also was not successful because it still had a problem of mess-cleaning, which was the clean-up of big trash and the arrangement of newspapers, clothes, etc. The cleaning robot is to just vacuum dust and small trash but has no function to arrange and take away before the automatic vacuum-cleaning. For this reason, the market for the cleaning robot is not yet built up. So, we need a design method and technological algorithm of new automatic machine to solve the problem of mess-cleanup in house. It needs functions of agile automatic navigation, novel manipulation system for mess-cleanup. The automatic navigation system has to be controlled for the full scanning of living room, to recognize the absolute position and orientation of the self, the precise tracking of the desired path, and to distinguish the mess object to clean-up from obstacle object to just avoid. The manipulator, which is not needed in the vacuum-cleaning robot, must have the functions, how to distinguish big trash to clean from mess objects to arrange, how to grasp in according to the form of mess objects, how to move to the destination in according to mess objects and arrange them. We use the RFID system to solve the problems in this paper and propose the reading algorithm of RFID tags installed in indoor objects and environments. Then, it should be an intelligent system so that the mess cleaning task can be autonomously performed in a wide variety of situations and environments. It needs to also has the entertainment functions for the good communication between the human and HMR. Finally, the good performance of the designed HMR is confirmed through the results of the mess clean-up and arrangement.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.369-382
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was finding the pain inhibitory effect of acupuncture at $LI_4$. The pain at dentes incisivi was evoked by noxious electric stimulation and EMG changes based on the interval were measured. To do this, the opioid antagonist was administered intraperitoneally. Following are some of results. 1. The pain inhibitory effect of acupuncture at $LI_4$ was 94.35%, 84.56%, 57.62%, 54.40%, at 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes respectively. All the data were calculated based on 100% at 0 minute. The effect was very significant at 40 minutes. 2. The continuous effect of acupuncture at $LI_4$ after taking out the needle was 58.58%, 57.62%, 66.22%, 73.18%, 83.70%, 92.68%, at 50, 50, 70, 80, 90 and 100 minutes respectively. The overall continuous effect was shown its maximum 20 minutes after taking out the needle and reached to the initial value at 60 minutes. 3. The pain inhibitory effect following the naloxone administration and acupuncture application at $LI_4$ was 95.96%, 96.04%, 94.86%, 94.92% at 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes respectively. All values showed similar tendency to the initial data. 4. The continuous effect of acupuncture at $LI_4$ after taking out the needle which was preceded by the naloxone administration was 94.48%, 96.02%, 96.02%, 98.00%, 98.46%, 97.18% at 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 minutes respectively. This trend was not a significant fluctuation. It was concluded that effect of acupuncture at $LI_4$ was shown in conjunction with secretion of analgesic substance. Therefore it is implied that the acupuncture application will play a major role in treating many diseases with more revelation of scientific acupuncture mechanism. Further studies of acupuncture manipulation are needed in the future based on our study.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.287-300
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was finding the pain inhibitory effect of acupuncture at ST-36. The pain at dentes incisor was evoked by noxious electric stimulation and EMG changes based on time interval were measured. To do this, the opioid antagonist was administered intraperitoneally. Followings are some of the results. 1. The pain inhibitory effect of acupuncture at ST-36 was 93.82%, 87.00%, 75.30%, 69.76% at 10 20, 30 and 40 minutes respectively. All the data were calculated based on 100% at 0 minute. The effect was very significant at 40 minutes. 2. The continuous effect of acupuncture at ST-36 after taking out the needle was 77.46%, 79.66%, 87.60%, 91.50%, 95.14%, 99.48% at 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 minutes respectively. The overall continuous effect was shown its maximum 20 minutes after taking out the needle and reached to the initial value at 60 minutes. 3. The pain inhibitory effect following the naloxone administration and acupuncture application ST-36 was 93.44%, 94.58%, 90.80%, 88.04% at 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes respectively. All values showed similar tendency to the initial data. 4. The continuous effect of acupuncture at ST-36 after taking out the needle which was preceded by the naloxone administration was 91.26%, 91.90%, 92.06%, 93.66%, 94.12%, 93.50% at 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 minutes respectively. This trend was not a significant fluctuation. It Was concluded that effect of acupuncture at ST-36 was shown in conjunction with secretion of analgesic substance. Therefore it is implied that the acupuncture application will play a major role in treating many diseases with more revelation of scientific acupuncture mechanism. Further studies of acupuncture manipulation are needed in the future based on our study.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.519-536
• /
• 1998

Purpose ; This Investigation was aimed to find out the Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Acupuncture of Epiphora(Watery Eye) in Oriental Medicine Methods ; 49 books were surveyed from to recent published books those referred to Epiphora. Results ; In Oriental Medicine, Epiphora is divided into two types; Cool Watery eye and Hot Watery eye. Both cool and hot type can be redivided into the mild and serious cases. The mild Watery eye means tears on the cheek with the wind; The serious Watery eye means tears on the cheek unrelated the wind from time to time. Conclusions ; The cause of Epiphora can be concluded with the shortage of functional division of Liver and Kidney(肝腎虛), and the chaos and fever of Liver meridian(肝經風熱). In Acupuncture agenst Epiphora, the acupuncture point at Bladder, Gallbladder and Liver meridian occupied the high level of the most often-used acupuncture point list; The acupuncture point at the portion of head and neck, upper extremities, lower extremities, and back, especially around orbit, were mainly used against Epiphora. Recently, beyond conventional acupuncture, Auricular- Acupuncture(耳鍼療法), Herb- Acupuncture(藥鍼療法), Bleeding-Acupuncture(潟血療法), Manipulation(手技療法) used against Epiphora.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2018

Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate efficacy and patient satisfaction of acupuncture or Chuna therapy for back pain. Methods: Amongst all the patients with back pain who had been treated at Sun-cheon korean medicine hospital, Dong-shin university, only patients that had received either acupuncture or Chuna manual therapy between September 1 and October 31, 2017 were selected and their medical charts retrospectively analyzed. A questionnaire was used in the investigation that consisted of a numeric rating scale (NRS), the Oswestry low-back pain disability index (ODI), general, emotional, conversational, and technical satisfaction. The questionnaire was completed before treatment and at weekly intervals (approximately). Treatment efficacy was analyzed using the first and last questionnaires. The last questionnaire was also used to establish patient satisfaction. The data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 21.0. Results: The NRS, Current degree of pain (ODI-1), and total ODI were significantly decreased in both the acupuncture and Chuna groups. The differences in NRS, ODI-1, and total ODI changes between treatment groups were not significant. There were no statistically significant differences between the acupuncture and Chuna groups in terms of general, emotional, conversational, and technical satisfaction. Conclusion: Acupuncture treatment significantly reduces NRS and ODI in patients who have back pain without structural transformation, and Chuna therapy significantly reduces NRS and ODI-1 in patients who have back pain with structural transformation. These results indicate that further studies should be conducted in more patients and over a longer period.