• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.38 no.1 s.113
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• pp.54-61
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• 2006

Basically corrugated board is composed of three layers of different basis weight and stock composition. Warp is well-known for one of the most important problems of corrugated board production. Warp is caused by difference of hygro-expansibility of linears between top and bottom. This research was performed to evaluate the effect of paper properties on the warp of corrugated board. To evaluate warp, dynamic expansion properties of paper was tested using DPM(dynamic penetration measuring system). The effects of sizing, stock composition and wet-pressing on dynamic expansion properties were also evaluated. Commercial base papers showed different dynamic expansion property depending on stock composition and papermaking operation. Sizing treatment decreased and wet-pressing increased the amount of dynamic expansion. To reduce warp of corrugated board, management of dynamic expansion of base papers should be controlled by manipulating moisture, heat and tension, using a variety of adjustments available on the corrugator.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.141-146
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• 1996

Hand posture and force, which define aspects of the way an object is grasped, are features of robotics manipulation. A means for specifying these grasping "flavors" has been developed that uses an instrumented glove equipped with joint and force sensors. The new grasp specification system is being used at the Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) in a Virtual Reality based Point-and-Direct(VR-PAD) robotics implementation. In the Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) Laboratory at Penn State, hand posture and force data were collected for manipulating bricks and other items that require varying amounts of force at multiple pressure points. The feasibility of measuring desired grasp characteristics was demonstrated for a modified Cyberglove impregnated with FSR (Force Sensitive Resistor) pressure sensors in the fingertips. A joint/force model relating the parameters of finger articulation and pressure to various lifting tasks was validated for the instrumented "wired" glove. Operators using such a modified glove may ultimately be able to configure robot grasping tasks in environments involving hazardous waste remediation, flexible manufacturing, space operations and other flexible robotics applications. In each case, the VR-PAD approach improved the computational and delay problems of real-time multiple-degree-of-freedom force feedback telemanipulation.ck telemanipulation.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.41-52
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• 2009

This study investigates a mathematical subject, 'triangles' in mathematics books of Chosun Dynasty, in special Muk Sa Jib San Bub(默思集算法), Gu Il Jib(九一集), San Hak Ib Mun(算學入門), Ju Hae Su Yong(籌解需用), and San Sul Gwan Gyun(算術管見). It is likely that they apt to avoid manipulating general triangles except the right triangles and the isosceles triangles etc. Our investigation says that the progress of triangle-related contents in Chosun mathematics can fall into three stages: measurement of the triangle-shaped fields, transition from the object of measurement to the object of geometrical study, and examination of definition, properties and validation influenced by western mathematics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2008.06b
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• pp.171-175
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• 2008

최근 TV, DVD, AV 등의 각종 가전기기가 보급되면서 사용자는 다수의 리모컨을 조작하고 기기 사이의 관계를 이해해야 다양한 서비스를 제공받을 수 있게 되었다. 하지만 사용자는 보통 기기 단위의 기능을 일일이 제어하기 보다는 간단한 조작으로 다수 기기의 기능이 복합적으로 함축된 상위수준의 서비스를 제공받기 원한다. 기존에는 다수의 기기를 조작하기 위해 각 기기의 리모컨을 물리적으로 통합한 통합 리모컨 등이 제안되었으나 고수준의 서비스를 위해서는 사용자가 각 기기를 직접 조작해야 했고, 복수의 작업을 하나의 버튼으로 수행하는 매크로 기능 등은 사용자가 직접 설계해야 하거나 직관적이지 못하였다. 본 논문에서는 사용자에게 제공되는 서비스 작업 단위를 태스크로 정의하고 서비스 제공을 위해 필요한 기기 사이의 연결성과 각종 값을 내부적으로 설정하여 사용자에게 태스크 기반의 직관적인 인터페이스를 제공하는 방법을 제안한다. 기기를 일일이 조작해야 하는 기존의 통합 리모컨과 달리, 기기의 연결 상태 등을 분석하여 사용자가 이해하기 쉬운 태스크 단위로 사용자 인터페이스를 설계하고, 복수의 기기를 제어하는 작업은 기기의 상태에 따라 동작하여 사용자는 기기의 상태를 신경 쓰지 않고 서비스를 제공받는다. XML로 설계된 각 기기의 기능과 인터페이스 및 태스크의 기능과 인터페이스를 실시간으로 통합하여 현재 상태에 적적한 태스크 기반 사용자 인터페이스를 동적으로 생성한다. 본 논문에서는 사용성 평가를 통해 제안하는 방법의 유용성을 검증하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.748-763
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• 2003

Anaerobic rumen microorganisms mainly bacteria, protozoa and fungi degrade ligno-cellulosic feeds consumed by the ruminants. The ruminants in developing countries are predominantly maintained on low grade roughage and grazing on degraded range land resulting in their poor nutrient utilization and productivity. Hence, manipulation of rumen fermentation was tried during last two decades to optimize ruminal fermentation for improving nutrient utilization and productivity of the animals. Modification of rumen microbial composition and their activity was attempted by using chemical additives those selectively effect rumen microbes, introduction of naturally occurring or genetically modified foreign microbes into the rumen and genetically manipulation of existing microbes in the rumen ecosystem. Accordingly, rumen protozoa were eliminated by defaunation for reducing ruminal methane production and increasing protein outflow in the intestine, resulting in improve growth and feed conversion efficiency of the animals. Further, Interspecies trans-inoculation of rumen microbes was also successfully used for annulment of dietary toxic factor. Additionally, probiotics of bacterial and yeast origin have been used in animal feeding to stabilize rumen fermentation, reduced incidence of diarrhoea and thus improving growth and feed conversion efficiency of young stalk. It is envisaged that genetic manipulation of rumen microorganisms has enormous research potential in developing countries. In view of feed resource availability more emphasis has to be given for manipulating rumen fermentation to increase cellulolytic activity for efficient utilization of low grade roughage.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.535-544
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• 2001

This study developed a manipulator for robotic harvester to harvest cucumber. The manipulator was designed and built fur transferring an end-effecter from a fixed point to a specified cucumber. Its development involved the integration of a manipulating system with a PC compatible, DC motors, geared boxes, timing belts, and a motor controller board. Software, written in Quick basic. combined the functions of motor control with various circumstances. In order to move smoothly and rapidly the manipulator, it's shoulder link and elbow link were minimized by using rotational inertial moment without a motor and a geared box. After 30 replications of exercising the manipulator, it was concluded that the precision values of the X, Y and Z axes were less than 0.5mm, 7.25mm and 0.35mm, respectively. The precision data indicated the manipulator was not missing any steps fur the harvester to reach a target cucumber.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.55-65
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• 2020

Purpose: The research aims to examine whether perception about busyness can affect the way people view themselves and then make an impact on purchase decision-making. Based on a proposed theoretical framework, the current research examines whether or not perception about busyness affects perceived self-worth and has an impact on impulsive buying. Research design, data, and methodology: The paper conducted a survey in which two scenarios are used for manipulating degree of busy mindset. For analyzing data, analysis of variance and regression analysis are applied, in conjunction with analysis of moderating effects. Results: Busy mindset has a positive effect on perceived self-worth. The effect of busy mindset on perceived self-worth is greater in the group of high perceived social mobility. In the category of hedonic products, perceived self-worth has a positive effect on impulsive buying intention. Conclusions: These results imply that a sense of self-worth can affect impulsive buying behavior on the basis that people sometimes buy things on impulse as a way of self-indulgence or self-reward for their efforts. Managerial implications of the results suggest a busy appeal to consumers would be more effective for hedonic products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2000

The freshwater green alga Chlorococcum sp. grew on NH_4^{+},{\;}NO_3^{-}$, urea, yeast extract, and peptone as the nitrogen source showing similar pattens of growth and secondary carotenoid (SC) production. However, the most suitable nitrogen source for the induction fo SC was urea. The dffects of nutrient levels (urea, phosphate, sulfate, ferrous iron, and salt) on growth and SC production were stydied by varying the concentration of each nutrient in batch cultures. High biomass production was achieved in cultures containing 20-28 mM urea, 4.8-10 mM phosphate, 1.6 mM sulfate, 70 mM phosphate, 1.6 mM sulfate, 170 mM NACl, and $50{\;}\mu\textrm{M}$ iron. The optimum concentrations of nutrients for biomass and for the SC accumulation in biomass were evaluated and the two media for achieving high biomass production and SC production were thus developed. The extent to which each parameter to stimulate the formation of SC in the alga were varied and the potentially improned SC prodution by manipulating the nutrient levels in the modified media were descussed.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1990 no.11
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• pp.42-47
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• 1990

In this paper, a new adaptive image processing method based on human visual system has been presented. The basic idea behind the proposed method is to improve the efficiency of the information transfer channel regionally by manipulating the displayed image in order to compensate the regional inefficiency of the information transfer channel. The proposed method consists of two parts; the first part reallocates pixel values corresponding to high X-ray attenuation to that of more intense X-ray exposure by multiplying the pixel values with the local adaptive multiplcation factor, and the second part adjusts the pixel values of dark area of displayed image such as overexposed lung area to be more bright. The processed image with the proposed method shows significantly increased visibility of mediastinal and subdiaphramatic area, and also the lung area of over exposed case without any artifact.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1992 no.05
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• pp.85-91
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• 1992

In MRI, an image contrast can be developed as a result of the susceptibility effect if an object has paramagnetic substances. This is mainly due to the non-uniform phase distribution or linear gradient developed by the magnetic susceptibility within a voxel, which in turn reduces the signal intensity; e.g., spin phases are dephased and thereby cancel each other resulting in a reduced signal. In this paper, a new concept for manipulating the susceptibility effect through the use of tailored RF pulses is proposed. As potential applications of the method, two different types of tailored RF pulses are introduced: one for susceptibility artifact correction and the other for contrast enhancement. The latter, for example, can be applied to angiography utilizing the paramagnetic property of deoxygenated blood. Both a theoretical study of the method and experimental results are reported.