• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.30 no.10
• /
• pp.779-787
• /
• 2021

This study analyzes structural landscape changes over a time-series for a small and medium-sized city, Gangneung-Si, based on area and distribution patterns, and according to the type of land cover. Among the types of land cover, the area ratio of urbanized areas increased by 2.02% in the late 2010s as compared to the late 1980s, while there was a decrease of 2.69% in farmland and 0.69% in grassland areas. On analyzing the changes in land cover use by applying the Fragstats program, it was confirmed that landscape changes in urban and management areas were relatively severe according to the Landscape Shape Index, Largest Patch Index, and Aggregation Index. A pattern of concentrated expansion was also found around certain areas. In particular, from the analysis, it was established that the proportion of urbanized area had considerably increased and that the extent of farmland damage to management areas, including planned management areas, was large. Additionally, the Total Core Area generally indicated a reduction in the core areas of farmland and forest within urban and management areas. A medium-sized city showed significant changes besides large cities in terms of landscape structure. The developmental pressure on management areas, in particular, was quite high.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.137-148
• /
• 2002

Objectives: This study was to investigate the needs for developing the health promotion program for elderly and to compare the health promoting lifestyles behaviors and perceived health status of elderly in urban and rural area. Methods: The data was collected from 82 elders in urban(D city) and 77 elders in rural area(C county) by face to face interview. The Health Promoting Lifestyle ProfileII(HPLPII) and Perceived Health Status were used. Results: 1) The total score of HPLP was 2.44. In the subscales, the highest degree of performance was 'nutrition', following 'interpersonal relationship', 'stress management', 'health responsibility' and 'spiritual growth' and the lowest degree of performance was 'physical activity'. 2) Elderly people living in urban area had significantly higher the total HPLP score than elderly people living in rural area The urban elderly had significantly higher the score of HPLP subscales such as 'physical activity', 'interpersonal relationship' and stress management than rural elderly. 3) The mean score of perceived health status was 8.79. There was no significant difference in the perceived health status between urban and rural elderly. Conclusions: The above findings indicate that it is necessary to develop a health promotion program with reinforced physical activity, health responsibility and spiritual growth for elderly people in Korea. Especially the physical activity need to he strengthened for rural elderly.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.202-213
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to identify the changes of the relationship among general characteristics, self-efficacy. and self-care of the hypertensives in rural area. For this purpose, self-regulation program was carried at two Community Health Practitioner Post located in the suburbs of Daejeon City from September to November. 1999. Data were analyzed with non-parametric statistics, t-test, pearson correlation. The results were as follows; 1. The level of self-care was significantly different according to sex, status of smoking, and the level of self-efficacy of non-smoker was significantly higher than smoker. 2. After self-regulation program, there were significant positive relationship among self-efficacy, self-care, internal locus control, and negative relationship between perceived barrier and self-care. From these results, it can be concluded that the self-regulation program is an effective nursing strategy to promote self-care performance of hypertensives in rural area, and this program can be recommended for the management of hypertensives.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.181-195
• /
• 1999

This study was done to develope a computer program for the evaluation of quality of nurisng care. Because the professional nursing care should be evaluated consistantly, computer program for the measurement of quality of nursing care is necessary for the effective and efficient management of nursing quality. In this study, a computer program for gastrointestinal surgery patients was developed as a module. Visual basic 4.0 was used as a basic program for the development of this program, and Access 7.0 was used for the data base construction of the program. The systems of evaluation criteria were hierarchical. and the titles of the hierarchical criteria were evaluation area-evaluation item-indicator. Each evaluation area contained several items and each evaluation item contained several indicators. The numbers of the evaluation criteria for gastrointestinal surgery patients were 7 evaluation areas, 32 evaluation items. and 71 indicators. Content validity of the evaluation criteria(in this case, 32 evaluation items) was .95. Scoring could be possible with the evaluation items. For the scoring types of this program were two. norm-referenced type(option 1) and criterion-referenced type(option 2), the user can choose the type according to the purpose of the evaluation. With this computer program. accurate and consistant evaluation of the quality of nursing care could be expected. Also. by the rapid feedback to nursing care practice. quality of nursing practice could be improved rapidly. and the systems of the evaluation criteria developed in this study could be used for the development of other moduls for various kinds of patient groups. Because this computer program was developed only for the purpose of research, it is necessary to be refined commercially to be used in real nursing situation.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.54-60
• /
• 2020

Online cybercrime has various causes. The criminal guilty language, Criminal lingo is active in the shaded area with the bilateral aspect of the word on cyber. It has been continuously producing massive risk factors in cyberspace. Criminals are shared and disseminated online. It has been linked with fake news and aids to suicide that has recently become an issue. Thus the criminal lingo has become a real danger factor on cyber interface. Recently, Criminal lingo is shared and distributed as cyber hazard information. It is transformed that damaging to the youth and ordinary people through the internet and social networks. In order to take action, it is necessary to construct an expert system based on AI to implement a smart management architecture with block-chain technology. In this paper, we study technically a new smart management architecture which uses artificial intelligence based decision algorithm and block-chain tracking technology to prevent the spread of criminal lingo factors in the evolving cyber world. In addition, through the off-line regular patrol program of police units, we proposed the conversion of online regular patrol program for "cyber harem area".

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.15-29
• /
• 2014

This article discusses the state of a community forestry program in a protection forest in Indonesia, which has been running for almost two decades. We found that the program did not achieve its objective mainly because of frequent changes in regulations. There are also activities such as: measuring and mapping working area boundaries, drawing up a work plan, planting, maintenance and security, paying royalties to those who harvest forest resources, and submitting annual reports on land use to the district government head, which have not worked as expected. We also found that the major incentives for local people to participate in the program are getting certificates of management and the program's effectiveness in minimizing land-use conflicts. Participants perceived that their major role on the program is to follow farmer-group directives or government rules. To achieve the program's purposes, farmer groups need technical assistance related to protection-forest management and opportunities for financing.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.47-57
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of a 9-week self-help management aquatic exercise program on pain, flexibility, balance, fatigue and self-efficacy in the patients with osteoarthritis living in the suburban area. Methods: Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, 43 osteoarthritis patients consisted of the experimental group (n=20) and the control group (n=23). Due to the busy schedule of the patients working in the farm, the program was provided for 9 weeks instead of 12 week program under the guidance of professional advice. The questionnaires and physical measurements were used to measure the outcome variables before and after the program. Data were analyzed with the SPSS WIN using descriptive statistics, t-test and ANCOVA. Results: The age was significantly different between the groups. After controlling for the age, pain and fatigue in the experimental group decreased significantly more than the control group. Flexibility, balance and self-efficacy in the experimental group improved significantly more than the control group. Conclusion: This 9-week program could be an effective nursing intervention to be used especially for osteoarthritis patients in the suburban area during the leisure seasons of the farmers to improve their arthritic symptoms and self-efficacy.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.18 no.9
• /
• pp.2297-2311
• /
• 1994

This paper presents the study on the development of a DNC, system IPIS(Interactive Plant Information System)/DNC, which can manage NC machines and robots as a distributed control method in the machine. processing factory. The IPIS/DNC system is composed of a host computer, satellites and NC machines. A set of software modules are developed on the host computer and the satellites separately. By modularizing each functions of the IPIS/DNC system and using multi-taking method, the functions such as NC program management, NC program distribution, and shop monitoring can be performed on the host computer, and the functions such as NC program transfer to the NC machines, and NC program editing can be performed on the satellites. A Relational database which is linked with job scheduling system is used for IPIS/DNC system.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.23-45
• /
• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate economic effect of the water fluoridation program in Cheong-Ju City from 1982 to 2010. To study this economic effect, this study used cost-benefit analysis methodology from eight years old to fourteen years old in Cheong-Ju City. Major findings were as follows; First, total cost of fluoridation program in Cheong-Ju City was 1,384,164,734 korean won and total benefit was 15,057,426,621 Korean won from 1982 to 2010. Second, total cost which was converted by present value 2000 year was 1,687,412,718 won and total benefit which was converted by present value 2000 year was 14,582,548,519 Korean won. Cost-benefit ratio was 8.64. Net present value which happened from 1982 to 2000 was 7,990,710,155 Korean won and cost benefit ratio was 7.47. In conclusion, by the above result, economic impact of the water fluoridation program was very effective for children in some area of Cheong-Ju city.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.464-473
• /
• 2008

Winter migratory birds gather in paddy rice fields to feed shed rice grains. The Korean Ministry of Environment has practiced a policy program Contract on Paddy Field Management (CPFM) during winter fallow since 2002. This program starts with a contract between local governments and farmers, and the government pays a differential subsidy to farmers who finish spreading rice straw, cultivating barley, letting the whole rice plant without harvest, and submerging paddy fields for winter migratory birds. As more local governments have operated CPFM program, the total area on the contract and subsidy budget has increased yearly since 2002. This program could have its stable position as a successful policy by giving profits to farmers. With the program extended, the population of winter migratory birds has been greatly. For the evaluation of environmental performance of a policy, we analyzed this CPFM program by introducing some indicators in the form of Driving Force-State-Response Framework. The indicators were composed of 3 categorized indicators; the area of paddy land contracted under this program as 'driving force' indicator, population of birds, the number of bird species and the amount of feces as 'state' indicators, and the size of monetary support, the number of farmers or local governments participating, and public perception as 'response' indicators. The contract area of paddy field under CPFM could be a good biodiversity indicator reflecting potential performance of this policy measure in the light of its linkage to the population of winter migratory birds. And the share of CPFM land of the whole agricultural land might also be used as a useful indicator of policy evaluation for improvement of wildlife diversity. The 'state' indicators such as population of birds and the number of bird species could be matched to 'driving force' indicator, but the total CPFM area of each site could not reflect the effect of areas under different management practices. However, the amount of bird feces could reflect differences in environmental performance with management practices as 'state' indicators. The development of indicators indicating 'response' such as farmers' behavior, public perception, and policy makers' willingness is also needed to support a successful implementation and improvement of this policy measure with the development of 'performance' indicators integrating all these indicators.