• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.543-552
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• 2012

Namgang mid-watershed is located in downstream of Nakdong river basin. There are many pollution sources arround this area and it's control is important to manage a water quality of Nakdong river. A target year of Namgang mid-watershed water environment management plan is 2013. To predict a water quality at downstream of Namgang, we have investigated and forecasted the pollutant source and it's loading. There are some plan to construction the sewage treatment plants to improve the water quality of Nam river. Those are considered on predicting water quality. As results, it is shown that the population is 343,326 and sewerage supply rate is 79.2% and the livestock is 1,662,000 in Namgang mid-watershed. It is estimated that the population is 333,980, the sewerage supply rate is 86.9% in 2013. The milk cow and cattle were estimated upward and the pigs were downward by 2013. The generated loading of BOD and TP is 75,957 kg/day and 4,311 kg/day, discharged loading is 18,481 kg/day and 988 kg/day respectively in 2006. It were predicted upward the discharged loading of BOD and TP by 4.08% and 6.3% respectively. The results of water quality prediction of Namgang4 site were 2.5 mg/L of BOD and 0.120 mg/L of TP in 2013. It is over the target water quality at that site in 2015 about 25.0% and 9.1% respectively. Consequently, there need another counterplan to reduce the pollutants in that mid-watershed.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2002

본 연구는 유류저장시설에서의 토양오염 방지를 위한 국·내외 관련 시설과 기술 조사 및 관련 법규정 검토를 통해 국내 시설의 현황과 문제점을 도출하고 토양오염 방지조치시설의 기준을 구체화하거나 보완 또는 개선하여 보다 효과적인 토양오염 방지책을 제시하고자 하였다. 부식산화 방지를 위해 저장탱크는 강철-클래드 탱크, 내부 라이닝 탱크 또는 이중벽 탱크를 사용하고 배관은 내부식성 물질로 만든 배관을 사용하는 것이 비용경제적이며 효율적이라고 사료된다. 흘림방지를 위해 주유기 Sump를 설치할 필요가 있으며, 넘침방지 시설의 보호를 위해 유류의 주입방식을 가압식 주입에서 자연 유하식 주입으로 변경할 필요가 있다. 모든 탱크 및 배관 관련 시설은 저장물질의 누출여부를 확인할 수 있도록 자동누출측정기기, 증기 감지시설, 지하수 감시시설, 또는 이중벽 감시시설 등 저장물질의 누출여부를 확인할 수 있도록 한가지 이상의 모니터링 시설을 갖추어야 할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.342-348
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• 2006

Changes in water quality and algal growth according to the differences in the inflow volume were investigated in the Daecheong Lake from 1998 to 2001. Until year 2000, inflow volume considerably depended on the rainfall throughout the basin. However, the correlation was low since 2001 when water storage in the upstream Yongdam Lake was started. According to inflow volume-TP relationship analyses, significant correlation was found at up- and middle-stream sites, excluding down-stream site of the Daechong Lake. For chlorophyll-a, correlation was found with flow volume at all sites except for Choo-So. In a dry year, although nutrients loads were relatively lower than those in rainy years, there were higher concentrations of chlorophyll-a and massive bloom of Microcystis. Limiting factors for algal growth seems to be not the volume of nutrients load but retention time and physical disturbance of the water body influenced by inflow volume. Thus, in the Daecheong lake, it would be more important to focus on the management of eutrophication in dry years than in rainy ones.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.657-663
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• 2004

The aims of this study are the characterization of runoff from nonpoint source, the analysis of the pollutant loads and an establishment of a management plan for nonpoint source of Okcheon. For this purpose the basin of the stream So-okcheon was selected to the investigated. During the period from May 29 to July 21 in 2003, the water automatic sampler system has been installed in Okkagkyo and parameters such as SS, COD, TOC, TP and TN were analyzed. The pollutants of nonpoint source seem to be washed out along the stream water in the beginning of rainfall, remain in water and cause the stream pollution. The runoffs during heavy rainfall, especially, much higher concentration of SS than those during dry period. With respect to the annual loading of pollutants of the nonpoint source, the COD was 124 ton/yr, TOC 396 ton/yr, TN 1,429 ton/yr and TP 4.2 ton/yr in the year 2002. With respect to the pollutants loading of the nonpoint source, the COD was 375 ton/yr(95% of the total COD loading of 394 ton/yr), TOC 844 ton/yr(96% of the tatal TOC loading of 876 ton/yr), TN 1,985 ton/yr(96% of the total TN loading of 2,062 ton/yr) and TP 37.1 ton/yr(92% of the total TP loading of 40.3 ton/yr) in the year 2003.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.481-493
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• 2009

This study was conducted to performance appraisal of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), especially in terms of performance on development & reduction plan and water quality status of unit watershed. Because load allocations for pollution sources were predicted redundantly by uncertainty of prediction, TMDLs master plan has been frequently changed to acquire load allocation for local development. Therefore, It need to be developed more resonable prediction techniques of water pollution sources to preventing the frequent change. It is suggested that the reduction amount have to be distributed properly during the planning period. In other words, it has not to be concentrated on the specific year (especially final year of the planning period). The reason why, if the reduction amount concentrate on the final year of the planning period, allotment loading amount could not be achieved in some cases (e.g., insufficiency of budget, extension of construction duration). If the development plan was developed including uncertain developments, it is necessary to be developed reduction plan considered with them. However, some of the plans in the reduction plan could not be accomplished in some case. Because, it is not considered financial abilities of local governments. Consequently, development plan must be accomplished to avoid uncertain developments, and to consider financial assistance to support the implementation of effective plan. Water quality has been improved in many unit watersheds due to the TMDLs, especially in geum river and yeongsang/seomjin river.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 기저유출을 고려한 관측 자료 기반 오염부하량을 이용하여 비점오염 유출특성과 신규 원단위의 활용 가능성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해 금강 수계 주원천 유역의 9개 강우사상을 대상으로 디지털 필터 기법을 이용하여 유출성분을 분리하고 수치적분법을 적용하여 비점오염부하량을 산정하였다. 연구결과 비점오염 평균 기여율은 BOD 31.34%, T-N 58.94%, T-P 50.42%로 BOD의 경우 기저유출의 영향이 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 신 원단위를 적용한 오염부하량이 구 원단위를 적용한 경우에 비해 관측부하량에 근접하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 효율적인 유역의 수질관리를 위해서는 직접유출에 따른 오염부하뿐만 아니라 기저유출에 따른 오염부하 관리도 필요함을 의미한다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.269-283
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 기상청에서 제공하는 RCP 기후변화시나리오를 이용하여 기후변화와 유역유출특성에 따른 환경영향을 평가하였다. SWAT모형을 이용한 미래 댐 유입량 평가, HEC-ResSim 모형을 이용한 댐 안전성 평가 및 하류 유황분석을 수행하였다. 또한, 기존 수질관측자료를 이용하여 Seasonal-Kendall Test를 통해 수질변화 추세에 대해 분석하였고, SWAT과 HEC-ResSim 모형으로 도출된 방류량 및 지류유출량을 Qual2E모형에 적용하여 미래 수질변화 추세에 대해 분석하였다. 다음과 같은 유역 통합환경검토 기법은 하천환경에 대한 과학적 물환경 관리 체계를 확보하고, 기후변화 등 새로운 환경문제에 선제적으로 대응하기 위한 지침을 마련할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2005

Natural environment of the Wolgokri stream watershed, located in Chuncheon, Gangwon province, Korea, has been well preserved as a traditional agricultural watershed. To analyze characteristics of NPS pollution generated from an mountainous agricultural watershed, the flow and water qualities of the study watershed were monitored and were analyzed to estimate pollution loads. Annual runoff volume ratio was $70.4\%$. Concentrations of T-N, T-p, COD, and TOC were higher when monthly rainfall was between $0\~30mm$ than those when monthly rainfall was between $30\~70mm$. However, the concentrations varied considerably when monthly rainfall was higher than 100mm. The flow weighted mean concentrations(mg/L) of BOD, COD, TOC, $NO_3-N$, T-N, T-P and SS were 1.96, 2.72, 3.32, 1.41, 4.70, 0.187 and 13.36, respectively. The BOD, SS, T-N and T-P loads of July, 2004 were $48\%,\;17\%,\;51\%\;and\;32\%$ of annual load, respectively. The BOD, COD, TOC, $NO_3-N$, T-N, T-p, and SS loads (kg/ha) from Mar. 2004 to Apr. 2005 were 19.09, 26.55, 32.39, 13.85, 45.92, 1.887 and 130.18, respectively. The highest concentrations of BOD, NO3-N, T-N, T-p, SS, COD and TOC were found before the flow reached the peak runoff, possibly due to the first flushing effect. Generally, pollution loads of the Wolgokri watershed were not that significant. Phosphorus load, however, was higher enough to cause eutrophication in the receiving water body It was recommended that best management practices need to be implemented to reduce phosphorus sources.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.509-521
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to estimate overall reliability and applicability of the watershed modeling for systematic management of point and non-point sources via water quality analysis and prediction of runoff discharge within watershed. Recently, runoff characteristics and pollutant characteristics have been changing in watershed by anomaly climate and urbanization. In this study, the effects of watershed scale were analyzed in runoff and water quality modeling using HSPF. In case of correlation coefficient, its range was from 0.936 to 0.984 in case A(divided - 2 small watersheds). On the other hand, its range was form 0.840 to 0.899 in case B(united - 1 watershed). In case of Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, its range was from 0.718 to 0.966 in case A. On the other hand, its range was from 0.441 to 0.683 in case B. As a result, it was judged that case A was more accurate than case B. Therefore, runoff and water quality modeling in minimum watershed scale that was provided data for calibration and verification was judged to be favorable in accuracy. If optimal watershed dividing and parameter optimization using PEST in HSPF with more reliable measured data are carried out, more accurate runoff and water quality modeling will be performed.

• 생태와환경
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.502-509
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• 2009

In this study a total of 27 stream sites, at 1 km intervals, were monitored for simple physicochemical water characteristics, land coverage patterns, and stream environment characteristics using the Habitat-riparian Indexing System (HIS), in the Yangsan Stream. The HIS has been tested in previous research, resulting in some identification of advantages in the application to the stream ecosystems data. Even though reliable stream environment characterization was possible using HIS, there was no information about the application of this tool to present continuity of environmental changes in stream systems. Also the necessity was raised to compare the results of HIS application with land coverage information in order to provide useful information in management strategy development. The monitoring results of this study showed that changes of environmental degradation were well represented by HIS. Especially, stream environment degradation due to construction was relatively well reflected in the HIS monitoring results, and the main causality of Yangsan Stream degradation was expansion of the urbanized area. In addition, there were significant relationships between the HIS scores and land coverage information. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare appropriate options in controlling or managing the expansion of the industrialized areas in this stream basin in order to improve the stream environment. For this purpose, ensemble utilization of HIS results, water quality, and geographical information, resulting in integration with remote sensing processes can be possible.