• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.38
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• pp.163-187
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• 2013

In this paper, Han Yong-un's view point of Buddhism was examined in the traditional Zen Buddhism. He emphasized the essence of calm and awakened Zen in Wonhyo's theory of Jigwanssangun and Jinul's theory of Jeonghyessangsu. He criticized the behaviors of Zen priests at that time who turned their back on common people, secluded themselves in mountains and tried to stay calm in their places, and ideologically stressed that calm and awakened Zen should be realized in disciplinants' daily lives while enlightening the public. On the other hand, he had consistently stuck to Imjeseonpung(臨濟禪風) based on the spirit of saving the world, rather than depending on Jodongowi(曹洞 五位), when glossing "Sip-hyun-dam" with the traditional $S{\bar{o}}t{\bar{o}}$ Zen(曹洞宗) after Kim Si-seup Compared with Jodongowi, Siphyeondamjuhae(十玄談註解) emphasized Pyeonjungjeong (偏中正) where the right position(正位) of a true man(眞人) is founded in the middle of common people's partiality(偏位). In Siphyeondamjuhae, he intended to rebuke Japanese $S{\bar{o}}t{\bar{o}}$ Zen priests' brutality of trying to annihilate even the spirit of Zen Buddhism through Treaty of Alliance of Korea-Japan Buddhism(朝日佛敎同盟條約). Considering Han Yong-un's view point of Buddhism, it has the characteristic of patriotism and love of the people in the traditional Zen Buddhism.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2006

The small octopus(Octopus minor), a species in the cephalopod class spawns the fewer eggs compared with its relatives such as Octopus vulgaris and Octopus ocellatus and exerts special efforts in nursing eggs hiding in the deep cave beneath the mud flat. Correspondingly, its embryogenic process had been hardly observed. In this study, we induced the small octopus to spawn its eggs in the artificial spawning tube and to nurse the developing embryos under the periodical observation. The early embryogenic change in the fertilized eggs was appearance of blastodisc on the animal pole at 4 days after spawning. A mass of rudiments of several organs developed in the middle of the yolk sac at 28-th day and it moved gradually toward the animal pole. At 38 days after spawning, two eyes appeared on the head and the trunk with heart developed on the apical part of the yolk sac. At 45-th day of embryonic development, the trunk and head occupied a half of the egg capsule and consequently the yolk sac was reduced to a half of its original size. Two eyes became prominent at the bottom of the trunk with several spots at day 60. Embryonic development was completed at about 80 days after spawning and the arms stuffed the lower half of egg capsule. The young fry squeezed out of the egg capsules with their long and slender arms first and mantles later. Soon after hatching, it swam actively and squirted ink.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2017

Recently, usage of mobile cloud services has been increasing. In particular, beyond the constraints of a single cloud computing service, studies on the multi-cloud have been actively pursued. A user must authenticate multiple cloud service providers to use additional cloud services in a multi-cloud. In previous studies, an authentication method using single sign-on (SSO) was not available in all cloud services. Cloud services will not be available when the SSO server is not available due to malicious attacks, because all authentication is done via the SSO server. Additionally, using a broker, there is a vulnerability that can expose authentication information for the service provider to a user who did not sign up. In this paper, we propose a secure user authentication protocol using biometric authentication that does not expose user information when using additional cloud services. The proposed protocol can use a single biometric authentication for multi-cloud services without storing authentication information in each cloud service. In terms of key stability (to ensure stability through the key agreement process and the key area), by disabling various attack methods, such as man-in-the-middle attacks and replay attacks, we provide secure mobile cloud services.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.15-30
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• 1998

Physical geography is the discipline which deals with the relationship between man and natural environment. Therefore, it should be studied as the organized unity. In this paper I recognize the drainage basin as a framework outlining physical geography, describe the difference of inhabitant's life style due to the difference of natural environment in the drainage basin, and consider the meaning of drainage basin as a unit of life(and unit of regional geography). Munkyung is divided into three regions(intermontane basin region, middle mountainous region, marginal hilly region of the great basin) owing to the topographic characteristics. Subdivision in these regions is related closely to drainage network distribution, specially in intermontane basin region. And small regions have developed with the confluence point of $3{\sim}4$ order streams as the central figure. Intermontane basin region is the valley floor of Sinbuk-Soya-Kauun-Nongam stream located in the limestone region which is exposed according to Munkyung fault at its northern part. Small streams are affected strongly by the influence of the NNE-SSE or WNW-ESE tectolineament. Thus Kaeripryungro(鷄立嶺路), Saejaegil(새재길), Ewharyungro(伊火嶺路) and so on are constructed through the tectolineament. In the valley floors of small streams which flow into the intermontane basin, there are large floodplains. Floodplain in Sinbuk, Joryung, and Yangsan stream is used to paddy field or orchard, and in Nongam stream is used to paddy field or vegetable field. Hills are distributed largely in the periphery of intermontane basin. Limestone hills in Kauun and Masung basin are not continuous to the present low and flat floodplain, and most of those are used to forest land and field. On the other side. granite hills in Koyori are continuous to be used to the present floodplain, and they are used to residential area and field. In the middle mountainous region are there hilly mountains constructed in the geology of Palaeozoic Pyeongan System in northern area and Chosun System's Limestone Series in southern area, and banded gneiss and schist among Sobaeksan Gneiss Complex. In Palaeozoic Pyeongan System region are there relatively rugged mountains and ingrown meanders developed along tectolineaments. Chosun System's Limestone Series region builds up a geomorphic surface, develops various karst landforms. Mountainous area is used to field. On the other hand, especially in case of Hogye, valley bottom is wide, long, and discontinuous to slope, is used to paddy field dominantly. And schist region in Youngnam Block of Pre-Cambrian is rugged mountainous. Marginal hilly region of the great basin is hilly zone located in the margin of erosional basin(Bonghwa-Youngju-Yechon-Hamchang-Sangju). This region is lower geomorphic surface which is consisted of hills of $50{\sim}100$m height. Hills are used to field or orchard, and dissected gentle depression is used to paddy field.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2005

This study is aimed at analyzing the relationship between personal factors of radiological technologists and their job stressors. For this aim, a survey was conducted by means of 890 questionnaires from the middle of July to the end of August 2003 to the subjects of radiological technologists who are working for 44 general hospitals in 16 cities and provinces across the country. The results of the survey could be summed up as follows: 1. The biggest stressor that affects a radiological technologist personally under the working situation turned out to be position, job satisfaction and physical symptom(p<0.001), while job satisfaction and physical symptom also played an important role in personal relationship(p<0.001). 2. In terms of job conflicts, colleagues, immediate seniors, job satisfaction and physical symptoms appeared to exercise great impact(p<0.001), As for job autonomy, age, position and job satisfaction were known to be heavily influential(p<0.001). 3. With regard to job load, job satisfaction and behavioral symptom turned out to have great influence while, in job stability, position and job satisfaction seemed to be immensely influential(p<0.001). The present study has a limit in that it covers only radiological technologists who are working at the 3rd reference hospitals but excludes those who are working at the first and second reference hospitals. The findings, however, are surely believed to be able to serve as basic data to improve the medical service quality as they will help reduce the stressors of and enhance mental and physical health for radiological technologists who play important roles as teammates with expertise in the medical field. These outcomes could also be referred to in future studies in this area.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.524-552
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• 1998

Purgation therapy has played an important role as a influential remedy from the begining of the Chinese medicine. Especially purgation therapy is raised as the effective remedy on the acute infectious disease in the book of 'Treatise on Febrile Disease'. But It was inclined to cold-nature and available only in the excess syndrome. Nevertheless it is evident that the book has showed an example of this therapy. During the middle age, purgation therapy is classified into several subtype; hydrogogue therapy, laxation with lubricants, purgation with cold-natured drugs and purgation with warm-natured drugs. Comparing with the ancient times, it must be a progression. It was investigated earnestly by a school leaded by Zhang Congzheng. They were not restricted to several diseases, but applied it to the wide range of diseases. They thought as following. 'One is ill from pathogenic factor so that you should eliminate it from the human body'. Hence, they frequently used three major remedies such as diaphoresis, emesis and purgation. In this process, purgation therapy had showed eye-opening progress. But opposition to it was not little. Li Gao was a representative man on the opposite side. He expressed a critical opinion and placed great importance on the genuine energy, the natural healing force. Under his influence, a large number of doctors evaded purgation and put it under taboo. On account of these trend, purgation therapy had took a backward step and retrograded. Therefore cathartics such as Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Rharbitidis Semen, cold drugs such as Gypsum Fibrosum, etc. had been excluded for preservation of the genuine energy, and came about an obnoxious custom to value only 'tonity deficiency', or 'warm and tonify'. As it had came into fashion to approach most disease from the point of view, purgation therapy was merely fall into a remedy of constipation. After the eighteenth century purgation therapy encountered the new period of rivival. It was introduced by them who strived for the study of Epidemics to the new current of thought, so called '增水行舟'. It was because 온병 was apt to dissipate one's Yin fluid. Therefore purgation therapy of this period was characterized by establishing nourishment Yin and body fluid with or without use of timely purgation of accumulation of heat. From the time of Zhang Congzheng, it was accomplished by Lee Je-ma to the most epoch-making change. He caused an improvement in the use of purgation therapy by regarding innate constitutional contradiction as importance than representing clinical symptoms. He warned that existing remedies that depend only upon symptoms and signs, not upon individual characteristics including constitutional features didn't bring round to but kill them. And he understood all the pathologic processes in his constitutional theory, investigated specific drugs on four constitution, made indications of each prescriptions clear. For giving to differentiation of constition before differentiation of syndrom, his new slant on the pathologic phenomena overcome the limitations of 변증시치, and revaluate purgation therapy from remedy impaire the genuine energy to that restore it by recover the balance between the internal organ. It is the product of him to fundamentally upset the cause to be in disregard of purgation therapy.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2014

Sens of insecutity of the public and professionals about harmful effects of radiation is increasing in an accident at the Chernobyl and Fkushima nuclear power plant.Anxiety was amplified to lack of information about radiation majority of people. To target the middle and high school in the region of Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do, to investigate the radiation recognition of the next generation, it is intended to present a model of education for the safe use of radiation. The High School of the six metropolitan cities, city, town through the questionnaire and needs to be educational experience of radiation and use knowledge level of radiation, experience in daily life, understanding of man-made radiation and natural radiation, information channel on radiation, the radiation Distribute the total 800 parts of, to recover the 629 unit, was analyzed for 155 females 474 males. Many people 75.36% of the people, to 24.64% female subjects of this investigation, was constant, respectively from 13 to 18 years age. It is a large number and 30.37% of the respondents as "normal" level of knowledge of radiation, for the type of radiation, most knew. You have answer for risk experience of the medical radiation was higher, touching a lot of information via the broadcast medium in general, and the accuracy is low. I thought we wanted to be educated three or more twice a year, as an educator,about 71.37% and radiation-related understanding of knowledge and background in accordance with the diversification of information channels, the regional differences between urban and rural areas. But I considered the difference age (grade) for each is displayed, intended for junior high school students, the target surface and use the occurrence of radiation, high school students, the need for education about risk and application of radiation through this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.3
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• pp.282-290
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• 2006

Forest vegetation types were studied by the phytosociological investigation and the TWINSPAN method in Ulleung Island, Korea. Two hundred thirty-two releves were sampled with $100m^2$ plots. Two main vegetation types, the mountain forest(Acer okamotoanum community group) and maritime forest(Artemisia scoparia community group), have been distinguished and typified twenty-two vegetation units. The former was divided in 4 communities, 11 groups and 7 subgroups. The latter was 2 communities and 5 groups. In a case of life-forms of mountain and maritime vegetation type, the composition ratio of species that had featured trees and herbs, hemicrypthophyte, a seed dispersion-type by wind or nature falling and erection form was high in the mountain vegetation type. Species that had featured shrubs, chamaephyte, disseminated mainly by a wind in the herbs, and animals and man or no special modification in the woody, narrowest extent of rhizomatous growth and the clonal growth by stolons and struck roots and procumbent form were abundantly distributed in the maritime bluff vegetation type. Particularly, the composition ratio of Sambucus sieboldiana var. pendula community(A6), disturbed vegetation type of middle-lower slope of mountain, that had featured a seed dispersion-type by wind, moderate and narrowest extent of rhizomatous growth and Tussock form was high.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.71-77
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• 2017

Objectives This study aims to build the baseline data for school health care program by analyzing the questionnaires about satisfaction regarding Oriental Medical Doctor's (Korean Medicine) student health and wellness program. Methods The association of Korean medicine doctor in Sung-nam city conducted Oriental Medical Doctor's student health and wellness program for 12 middle schools and 8 high schools in Sung-nam from August to December, 2015. The participating Oriental Medical Doctor visited each school for 8 times during 5 months period, and conducted health consultations, health education classes and Korean medicine treatment for the school students and school employees. Teachers and administrators from the participating schools answered the self-reported satisfaction questionnaires and the satisfaction questionnaires results were analyzed. Results 85 people responded the program satisfaction questionnaires; 69% responders were very satisfied and 28% were satisfied about the program specifically about the student's health check-ups, informatory brochures for the parents, good participation enrollment process. Responders were pleased about doctor's consultations regarding 'Advising students about their general health', 'Ways to cure sick students fast', 'Providing students with useful information about health', and 'Teaching students how to manage their health in a good shape'. 92.94% of participants agreed to the needs of the school health and wellness program. Conclusions One of the fundamental national health policies is to provide students opportunities to maintain their good health. We have developed a successful pilot program called, "Oriental Medical Doctor's student health and wellness program". We got positive feedback from the participating school teachers regarding our program. Further studies based on this study are needed to show the benefit of the program to broaden its use.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.279-286
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• 2009

This study was carried out to utilize the waste heat from office building for turfgrass culture on a roof garden. Heating system had been installed in the middle of soil profile on the turf areas in the garden plots. The results showed that the installation of heating system increased the shoot density, turfgrass quality, coverage rate, and root length compared with the control plots. The surface temperature of heating plots reached at $10.9^{\circ}C$ when the control plot showed $0^{\circ}C$, however, the soil moisture content was decreased 1.9% by the heating system. When the height of the snow accumulation reached over a 15cm, the it took only 4 days to melt out completely, while the height did not changed those period at the control plots. When the water temperature in boiler increased to $60^{\circ}C$ from a proper temperature of $55^{\circ}C$ in turf growth, the desiccation from leaf tip was started to occur caused by drought stress. More detail research should be followed in stress physiology in turf management in roof garden operation.