• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.566-578
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• 2020

Objective : Radiation is known to induce autophagy in malignant glioma cells whether it is cytocidal or cytoprotective. Dexamethasone is frequently used to reduce tumor-associated brain edema, especially during radiation therapy. The purpose of the study was to determine whether and how dexamethasone affects autophagy in irradiated malignant glioma cells and to identify possible intervening molecular pathways. Methods : We prepared p53 mutant U373 and LN229 glioma cell lines, which varied by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) mutational status and were used to make U373 stable transfected cells expressing GFP-LC3 protein. After performing cell survival assay after irradiation, the IC₅₀ radiation dose was determined. Dexamethasone dose (10 μM) was determined from the literature and added to the glioma cells 24 hours before the irradiation. The effect of adding dexamethasone was evaluated by cell survival assay or clonogenic assay and cell cycle analysis. Measurement of autophagy was visualized by western blot of LC3-I/LC3-II and quantified by the GFP-LC3 punctuated pattern under fluorescence microscopy and acridine orange staining for acidic vesicle organelles by flow cytometry. Results : Dexamethasone increased cell survival in both U373 and LN229 cells after irradiation. It interfered with autophagy after irradiation differently depending on the PTEN mutational status : the autophagy decreased in U373 (PTEN-mutated) cells but increased in LN229 (PTEN wild-type) cells. Inhibition of protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation after irradiation by LY294002 reversed the dexamethasone-induced decrease of autophagy and cell death in U373 cells but provoked no effect on both autophagy and cell survival in LN229 cells. After ATG5 knockdown, radiation-induced autophagy decreased and the effect of dexamethasone also diminished in both cell lines. The diminished autophagy resulted in a partial reversal of dexamethasone protection from cell death after irradiation in U373 cells; however, no significant change was observed in surviving fraction LN229 cells. Conclusion : Dexamethasone increased cell survival in p53 mutated malignant glioma cells and increased autophagy in PTEN-mutant malignant glioma cell but not in PTEN-wildtype cell. The difference of autophagy response could be mediated though the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1996

From January 1994 to August 1995 we performed 270 cases of fine needle aspiration cytology for bone and soft tissue lesions. Among them 137 cases were diagnosed histologically. Sixty-seven cases were benign and 70 cases were malignant. We analysed these on the aspect of sensitivity, specifity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of the cytologic examination. Malignant cases consisted of bone tumor 29 cases; soft tissue tumor 25 cases; and metastatic tumor 16 cases. The sensitivity and specifity of the aspiration cytology for malignant tumor were 67.8% and 97%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive value of aspiration cytology were 97.4% and 72.7%, respectively. Among them 40 cases were primary bony lesions; 14 benign lesions, 26 malignamt bone tumors. Sensitivity of aspiration cytology for these primary bony lesion was 90%(18/20) and its specifity was 100%(13/13). Three cases showed atypical cells in cytology but with biopsy we could find them as one benign and two malignancies. Two cases of manignancy showed negative result in cytology; one was parosteal sarcoma of proximal femur and the other was osteosarcoma of proximal tibia which was biopsied already at other hospital. Although the overall sensitivity and specifity for malignant bone and soft tissue tumors were relatively low and not so predictable, the fine needle aspiration cytology for primary bony lesion was useful in the differential diagnosis of benign or malignancy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3561-3568
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• 2012

The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a member of the largest family of cell surface receptors, the G protein-coupled receptors involved in calcium homeostasis. The role of the CaSR in neoplasia appears to be homeostatic; loss of normal CaSR-induced response to extracellular calcium is observed in cancers of the colon and ovary, while increased release of PTHrP is observed in cancers of the breast, prostate and Leydig cells. Currently CaSR can be considered as a molecule that can either promote or prevent tumor growth depending on the type of cancer. Therefore, recognition of the multifaceted role of CaSR in gliomas and other malignant tumors in general is fundamental to elucidating the mechanisms of tumor progression and the development of novel therapeutic agents. Emphasis should be placed on development of drug-targeting methods to modulate CaSR activity in cancer cells.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.66-70
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• 2005

Telomerase, a specialized RNA-directed DNA polymerase that extends telomeres of eukaryotic chromosomes, has activity in most malignant tumors and provides a mechanism for the unlimited potential for division of neoplastic cells. Although telomerase is known to be a regulated enzyme, the factors and mechanisms involved in telomerase regulation are not well understood. In the present study, we compared the effect of 12-O­tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and non-phorbol ester tumor promoters such as okadaic acid, anthralin and benzoyl peroxide on the expression of telomerase in the mouse skin carcinogenesis system, a well characterized model for studying pre-malignant and malignant progression. We found that most early papillomas harvested after 10 weeks of TPA promotion showed telomerase activity. Other papillomas harvested after 10 weeks of okadaic acid, anthralin and benzoyl peroxide promotion and after single treatment of DMBA only also showed telomerase activity, respectively. On the other hand, normal and all skins surrounded by papillomas harvested after 10 weeks of these promoters has no telomerase activity. Taken together these results, there appears to be no clear association between the level of telomerase activity and protein phosphorylation in mouse skin papillomas and telomerase may be useful as bio-markers in early detection of tumors.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2001

Primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare malignant tumor. A more rapidly fatal course may be seen in advanced stages of small cell carcinoma as compared to similar stages of urothelial carcinoma. It is very important to recognize this distinct form of bladder cancer by urinary cytology The differential diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder includes metastatic small cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and primary or secondary malignant lymphoma. This article highlights the urinary cytologic diagnosis of a case of primary small cell carcinoma. A 59-year-old male presented with gross hematuria for five months. Urinary cytology showed high cellularity consisting of tiny monotonous tumor cells in the necrotic background. The tumor cells occurred predominantly singly, but a few in clusters. The cytoplasm was so scanty that only a very narrow rim of it was seen. The nuclei were oval or round and had finely stippled chromatin. Rarely, the nuclei contain visible nucleoli. Frequently cell molding was noted in clusters. Many single cells demonstrated nuclear pyknosis or karyorrhexis. The histologic findings of transurethral resection and partial cystectomy specimen were those of small cell carcinoma. Cytologic distinction may be very difficult but careful attention to clinical features and cellualr details can classify these neoplasms correctly.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.522-525
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• 2011

조직병리소견과 면역염색결과를 바탕으로 14년령 암컷 시베리아 호랑이의 복막뒤공간에서 발생한 악성부신경절종을 보고하였다. 부신경절종은 동물에서 드물게 발생하는 신경내분비종양으로 주로 자율신경계의 부신외신경절 세포로부터 발생한다. 원발종괴는 복막뒤공간에 요추의 배쪽면을 따라 장방향으로 부착되어 있었고, 장간막림프절, 신장, 자궁, 부신, 폐, 흉선으로 전이되었다. 종양세포는 다각형의 통통한 형태에 과립상의 호산성 세포질을 갖고 있었으며, 섬유혈관 기질에 의해 구획되어 집락(cluster) 또는 둥지(nest) 모양으로 배열된 전형적인 Zell-ballen 형태를 나타냈다. 면역염색에서 synaptophysin, chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase에 특이적인 양성반응을 보였다. 본 증례는 시베리아 호랑이에서 발생한 악성후복막부신경절종이 전신으로 전이된 최초보고이다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.10-23
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• 2007

Hallmarks of clinical behaviors of adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) of salivary glands are the delayed onset of vascular metastasis and poor responses to classical chemotherapeutic agents. Poor prognoses from salivary ACC are caused by lung metastases that are resistant to conventional therapy. Therefore, cellular and molecular characteristics that influence the dissemination of metastatic cells are important for the design of more effective treatment of salivary ACC. Tumor angiogenesis has been known to be essential for the distant metastasis of malignant cells. So, we determined expressions of angiogenic proteins in benign (pleomorphic adenoma) and malignant (ACC, mucoepidermoid carcinoma) tumors of salivary glands and compared each other and to those in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Using surgical specimens, we performed immunohistochemical assays with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), phosphorylated VEGFR-2 (pVEGFR-2), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and interleukin (IL)-8 antibodies. Most angiogenic factors were overexpressed in malignant salivary tumors than in pleomorphic adenoma which is benign nature. Moreover, ACC demonstrated more expression of VEGFR-2 than that of squamous cell carcinoma which used as control. Conclusively, these data show those angiogenic factors produced by salivary gland tumors may affect the propagation and metastasis of malignant cells of salivary tumors, and could be used as biomarkers for the malignant transformation of salivary gland tumors. Prospectively, although further studies will be needed, these biomarkers related to angiogenesis can be molecular targets for the therapy of salivary ACC, which has propensity for delayed vascular metastasis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2020

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature myeloid cells that exert suppressive function on the immune response. MDSCs expand in tumor-bearing hosts or in the tumor microenvironment and suppress T cell responses via various mechanisms, whereas a reduction in their activities has been observed in autoimmune diseases or infections. It has been reported that the symptoms of various diseases, including malignant tumors, can be alleviated by targeting MDSCs. Moreover, MDSCs can contribute to patient resistance to therapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors. In line with these therapeutic approaches, diverse oligonucleotide-based molecules and small molecules have been evaluated for their therapeutic efficacy in several disease models via the modulation of MDSC activity. In the current review, MDSC-targeting oligonucleotides and small molecules are briefly summarized, and we highlight the immunomodulatory effects on MDSCs in a variety of disease models and the application of MDSC-targeting molecules for immuno-oncologic therapy.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.334-339
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• 1993

Sarcoma 180 복수형 종양세포를 생쥐의 왼쪽 서혜부에 이식한 후 감잎에서 분리한 tannin. chloroform fraction 추출물 및 2, 4-decadienal을 복강 내에 각각 단독투여하여 그 효과를 형태학적으로 검토하였다. 이식된 sarcoma 180 육종에서 암화의 진행을 지연시키는데는 tannin 투여시에 가장 효과적이었고 chloroform fraction 추출물 및 2, 4-decadienal 투여시에는 형태적으로 간주할 수 있는 지연효과는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 감잎 tannin 은 종양세포를 선택적으로 파괴하여 종양의 증식을 억제하는 것이 아니라 일종의 혐기상태의 세포 환경에서 종양을 괴사과정으로 유도하지 않고, 발암성을 가지는 단백질과 같은 물질의 합성을 저해하거나 또는 자식작용을 가진 과립들로 하여금 이들을 소화시켜 이식된 종양세포를 악성종양으로 유도하는 과정을 지연시키는 효과를 나타내었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2002

저자들은 53세 남자환자에서 조직학적, 면역학적으로 악성 섬유조직구종의 형태를 가진 원발성 폐육종 1예를 경험하였기에 이를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.