• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.602-607
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• 1993

Concept of the comfort and fitness becomes a major concern in the basic function of the ready-made clothes. This research was performed to classify and characterize Korean adult males anthropometrically. Sample size was 1290 subjects and their age range was from 19 to 54 years old. Sampling was carried out by the stratified sampling method. 75 variables in total were applied to classify the bodytypes. Data were analyzed by the multivariate method, especially factor and cluster analysis. The high factor loading items extracted by factor analysis were based to determine the variables of the cluster analysis for the similar bodytypes respectively. In the part of the lower body, 14 variables from the data were applied to classify the bodytypes of lower part by Ward's minimum variance method. The group fanning a cluster were subdivided into 5 sets by cross-tabulation extracted by the hierarchical cluster analysis. Type 3 and 4 in lower body were composed of the majority of 53.1% of the subjects. The Korean adult males had relatively well-balanced in lower body.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-57
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• 2006

The purpose of this study were to provide dress forms and men's jacket blocks based on the analysis of their somatotype. As the result of the previous research, based on 1290 males of 20 to 54 year-old, the shapes of adult male were 20 and each body shape was classified by size factor, height and chest girth and master size was selected considering appearance frequency. Somatotype YS(master size: height 170cm, chest girth 91cm) and HD1(master size: height 170cm, chest girth 94cm) were selected to develop dress forms and men's jacket block in the study. The procedure and results were follows; 1. The dress forms of somatotype YS and HD1 were provide base on means of 61 body measurements and cross sections of shoulder, chest, waist, hip of subjects belong to each somatotype. 2. New men's jacket blocks of somatotype YS and HD1 were developed based on the body surface extracted by draping and the result of comparative investigation on the conventional jacket patterns by wearing test. Also the drafting methods of new men's jacket blocks were provided. 3. Wearing test by the sensory evaluation showed that the developed jacket blocks were estimated more highly than existing patterns.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.66-82
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• 2003

China shows body size differences owing to varied climates, economic development, living standards, and ethnic distribution from region to region. That's why some regional research regarding body sizes is necessary for the advancement of clothing goods into China. Here, the materials of the Chinese standard "GB/T 1335-1997 Clothing Sizes" are analyzed to reveal the somatotypes of Chinese adults. Height, chest girth and waist girth were differently noticed in six areas. 1. The distribution rates of four body types (Y, A, B, C) were diverse in six regions. 2. Regional differences were seen as follows: 1) As for the height of male adults, areas 1(Northeast, Hwabuk) and 2(Central Western) were larger than the national mean. Areas 3(Gwangdong, Gwangseo, Bokgeon), 4 (Unnam, Gwiju, Sacheon) and 5(Downstream Jang River) were rather small. 2) As for the height of female adults, areas 1, 2 and 6 (Midstream Jang River) were larger than the national mean. Areas 3 and 4 were smaller than the average. 3) As for the bust girth of male adults, area 1 was the only area that exceeded the national mean. Areas 3 and 4 turned out smaller than the average. 4) As for the bust girth of female adults, areas 1, 2 and 6 exceeded the national average. The other three areas were lower. 5) As to the waist girth of adult males, areas 1 and 2 exceeded the national average. The other four areas were lower. 6) As to the waist girth of adult females, areas 1, 2 and 6 exceeded the national average. Areas 4 and 5 were lower. 7) In the height, bust girth and waist girth of male and female adults, most regions showed differences in means, regional distribution and regional rates.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.530-541
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• 2008

The early stage of 3D anthropometry data has been used to obtain qualitative rather than quantitative information. However recent 3D body scanners as a common research tool for anthropormatric measurments have made it possible to obtain body surface data of sufficient resolution and accuracy. The purpose of this study is finally to develop motorcycle jacket for enhanced comfort and fit, to test the accuracy and reliability of 3D measurments of motorcycle riding posture, and to analyze the change in 20's adult male's body surface measurements between the standard anthropometric position and motorcycle riding posture. The results of this study were as follows: There were no significant differences between the study and Size Korea measurments in total traditional measuring items and most of measuring items, such as length, circumference antropometric items and interscye items though not waist back length and upper arm circumference. A comparison of 3D body surface measurments in the two different measuring postures, the bodysurface measurments such as waist front length, biacromion length, front interscye, arm length, underarm length in the motorcycle riding posture decreased than that in basic posture, whereas waist back length, back interscye, C.T.W length increased. The body surface measurments such as chest, bust, upper circumference in the motorcycle riding posture decreased than that in basic posture, whereas neck, waist, hip, elbow circumference increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.97-109
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• 2014

This study developed a functional dress shirt for adult males that reflected the body surface variation of a human body section by motion. This study conducted a 3D body scan for 8 subjects in their 40's based on the Size Korea 2010 database. Data recorded the proper posture change value and body surface change value to develop functional dress shirts for adult males. We scanned the subjects with a 3D body scanner for five primarily male wearing dress shirts and operating postures, right standing, arms raised to $90^{\circ}$ horizontal forward position, arms raised $90^{\circ}$ to the horizontal position side, lift up the arm $180^{\circ}$, and arm forward $90^{\circ}$ in a bent posture. We analyzed the 3D scan data from those motions to examine change of length using 3D software Rapidform XOS. The results indicated that the body surface sections with contraction were the front and rear shoulder area, armpit and central length as well the width of arms at more than 10%. The increased body section included the body and armpit back length; in addition, the rear arm vibration girth and under arm girth were more than 10%. In order to reflect the size variation of for each motion, the ease amount of the front and rear shoulder length and width needs to be reduced 20% because it affects the shoulder length during the right standing. The results suggest that the ease amount of the shoulder length should be minimal. The ease amount of the back size needs to be 0.5-2cm bigger and set 0.5-1.5cm longer than the dress shirt length side drooping to compensate for the side length shortage of each motion. The sleeve length needs to be 0-0.5cm shorter, and ease amount of the girth of sleeve bottom needs to be reduced 0-0.7cm due to the size variation of arms. However, the girth of the rear arms is suggested to be 0-0.6cm longer in the ease amount to the rear arm girth as the extension is more than 10% over the width and length of each motion.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.178-184
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• 2020

Background: Geladas (Theropithecus gelada), endemic to Ethiopia, are distributed closely related to the escarpments and gorge systems of the country, and large populations are found in the Simien Mountain National Park. This study was conducted in Eastern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, from February 2018 to August 2019 in order to determine population size and composition of geladas. Total count method was used to estimate the population structure of geladas. Observations of the group of geladas based on body size and morphological characteristics were used to classify age and sex categories of the population. SPSS Version 20 was used to analyze the data. Chi-square test was used to compare sex ratio of geladas and population size among the counting sites between wet and dry seasons. Results: A total of 112 and 99 individual of geladas were counted during wet and dry seasons, respectively. Of the average gelada population recorded in this study, 11.4% were adult males, 30.3% were adult females, 12.8% were sub-adult males, 25.6% were sub-adult females, and 19.9% were unidentified juveniles. However, there was no statistically significant difference among the various age and sex groups of geladas counted during wet and dry season (χ² = 2.6, DF = 4, P > 0.05). Variations of group size along seasons were observed in this study. Sex ratio of adult male to adult female was 1:2.6 and 1:2.7 during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Conclusion: Very small gelada population size was recorded in the current study. An average of 105.5 geladas was recorded during the study period. As this is the first report of gelada population in escarpments of Eastern Tigray, population trend of the geladas cannot decide based on the current study.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2008

The ecotoxicological effects of 4-tert-octylphenol were observed on Harpacticoid copepoda Tigriopus japonicus s.l. gathered and cultured from tidal pool of Korean coast. There were no significant differences in survival rate (except 10 $\mu$g/L; 70.00%) and sex ratio (except 30 $\mu$g/L) on T. japonicus s.l. exposed to 4-tert-octylphenol. However, 4-tert-octylphenol induced developmental delay (copepodite emergence day and adult male mergence day) and retardation of first brooding day of adult female. Moreover the body size and biomass decreased at 4-tert-octylphenol exposure. As a result, detailed life-cycle research of T. japonicus s.l. may yield potential bioindicators for environmental monitoring and assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 1982

Growth is marked by changes in body shape as well as in body size. Increase in size is described quantitatively by increments over time : changes in shape are complex and perhaps are not possible to quantify satisfactorily. Simply to define or describe static body shape quantitatively is difficult, and traditionally simple ratios or indices have been used. In order to find out the body proportion and the body type of the Korean males and females from 6 to 24 years, the material of measurements obtained by the Korean Body-build Investigations (measured in 1979) was calculated and analyzed. The results are as follows: 1. The growth of the trunk part of the body precedes that of the lower part. Comparing the growth rate of male and female, the latter is higher than the former, especially in 12. 2. When a comparison is made between 6, 9, 12, 15 years and grown-ups(20$\~$24 years) with their respective stature's taken as 100, then values of these children are larger in the measurements related with head, acromial and waist height but smaller in lower extremities than these of the grown-ups. 3. Body proportion changes gradually from infant to adult body type indicating different phases each sex.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.670-681
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• 2017

Firefighting hoods protect the head, face, and neck areas of officials while they perform firefighting services. The purpose of this study is to investigate the head size of Korean firefighting officials in order to establish the dimensions necessary to construct firefighting hoods. A total of 98 male firefighting officials participated in this study and 11 body dimensions, necessary for the construction of firefighting hoods, were measured. The data collected from the firefighting officials were compared to the general adult male data from the Size Korea national anthropometric study. The heights, weights, head circumferences, head heights, and bitragion arcs of the firefighters were significantly larger than those of general adult males, which shows that firefighting officials generally have larger body and head sizes than general adult males. Based on the results of Pearson's correlation coefficients, head circumference and head height were judged to be the important measurements for the construction of the firefighting hoods. Thus, these two measurements were chosen as the basic dimensions of the cross tabulation analysis. As a result, head circumferences of 57.00~60.99cm and head heights of 23.00~25.99 cm were found to be important measurement ranges among the firefighters. This study is expected to be used as the basis for the creation of firefighting hoods that help to ensure the safe rescue activities for firefighting officials.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.581-594
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop an all- in-one collar shirt with excellent appearance which is well suited to the body shape of the male adults. Background: As men's casual wear has recently become more casual and the number of cool biz wearing in the summer has increased, a variety of shirt colors have been preferred in addition to shirt collar. However, studies on the design and pattern development of men's casual shirt collars are very rare. So we have identified the necessity of various development and research of men's shirts. Method: We collected 8 all-in-one collar patterns for shirts from professional pattern books and men's shirt brands. Also, based on anthropometric data from the 6th Size Korea, we selected 5 subjects with measurements similar to the average adult men, manufactured shirts based on them and conducted a wearing test by 5 experts. Results: After selecting shirts with good fit and appearance, we developed a prototype of all-in-one collar. As for front appearance evaluation, E1 pattern had the most outstanding shape and size, and C1 pattern had the most natural creases and front adjustment curves. As for side appearance evaluation, C1 had the highest overall scores, and E1 pattern on outer line. As for back appearance evaluation, C1 pattern had the highest score. Conclusion: We suggested new all-in-one collar and shirt patterns. In addition, the prototype of the all-in-one collar shirt design was presented by reflecting results of the wearing test and preference survey. Application: The shirt's design and patterns could be manufactured using the developed patterns. It will fit well with the body shape of adult males and will be highly satisfied by them.