• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.67-68
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• 2009

Antifungal activity of celery essential oil against Malassezia furfur was investigated using broth microdilution and vapor contact methods. Potent antifungal activity was evident using both methods. Fungicidal activity was revealed in the vapor contact method.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.303-305
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• 2009

A 7-month-old, female miniature pig was presented with excessive cerumen and pruritus. Greasy brown cerumen in both exteranal ear canal and sporadic head shaking were observed in the physical examination. Numerous budding yeasts in the cerumen were examined on microscopic examination. For species identification, PCR-RFLP using incubated colony on modified Dixon's medium was performed and finally, causative yeast was identified as M. furfur.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.236-239
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• 2005

Ethyl acetate extracts of traditional medicinal herbs were screened for their antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur through the liquid growth inhibition method with 96 well plate and the paper disk agar diffusion assay. Among the 91 kinds of herbal solvent extracts, borneolum (borneo-camphor, No. 56) was finally selected as the best antifungal effective medicinal herb. The MIC value of No. 56 against M. furfur was 0.3 mg/ml ($8.2{\times}10^6$ CFU/ml) and it was three times more efficient than midazole which is the known antifungal agent in clinical medicines.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.315-321
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• 2010

Malassezia furfur is an important causal factor for seborrheic dermatitis. Nowadays, the drugs available to treat this fungal infection are few. Several studies have documented the biological activity of essential oils. However, its antifungal properties are not completely understood, especially its anti-Malassezia activity. The aim of this study were to evaluate the effect of the plant essential oils on the growth of M. furfur using disk diffusion method and analyze by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) most active essential oils. In first screening, the 17 plant essential oils have possesses inhibitory activity against M. furfur at 2 mg/mL. Among the plant essential oils, oil of Citrus auranifoli was most active against M. furfur and its activity showed dose dependency. This anti-malassezial activity was high than that of itraconazole at 2 mg/mL. Oil of Citrus auranifolia also was phytochemically examined by GC-MS analysis, its main constituents were identified as limonene, ${\gamma}$-terpinene and terpinolene. It can be concluded that essential oils of Citrus auranifolia may have interesting applications to control fungal-derived diseases.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.387-389
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• 2011

A previous study of ours indicated that Citrus auranifoli oil possesses antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur and Malassezia pachydermatis. In this study, we evaluated the anti-M. furfur and M. pachydermatis activities of limonene, which is a major component of C. aurantifolia oil, using the disk diffusion method. We also examined cytotoxicity against human normal epithelial (Beas-2B) cells using the cytopathic effect reduction (CPE) method. The results revealed that the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of limonene is lower than the value for itraconazole. The MFC value of limonene was seen to be 7.81 ${\mu}g$/mL against M. furfur and 3.90 ${\mu}g$/mL against M. pachydermatis. MFC values of itraconazole against M. furfur and M. pachydermatis were 62.50 ${\mu}g$/mL and 31.25 ${\mu}g$/mL, respectively. In addition, it was noted that limonene was not toxic to Beas-2B cells with normal morphology at a concentration of 100 ${\mu}g$/mL. However, itraconazole exhibited weak toxicity at the same concentration. Therefore, our results indicate that limonene could potentially be effective at controlling M. furfur and M. pachydermatis infections with no cytotoxicity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1270-1274
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• 2010

Malassezia is a pathogenic fungus that causes skin diseases, such as tinea versicolor, atopic dermatitis and fatal sepsis. We report the synthesis of a series of benzoxazole amides and evaluation of their antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur. Twelve benzoxazole amides were prepared through the cyclization of the substituted 2-hydroxy aniline with N-(bis-methylsulfanylmethylene) amides. Among the prepared compounds, the compounds 4a, 8b, 8c and 8d showed in vitro antifungal activity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.748-756
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• 2015

The report explores the possibility that the single extract of natural substances and the mixture of single extracts of natural substances create a synergy effect to increase the antimicrobial activity. It also compares the previous researches to find out if the natural medicinal herbs’ extract has antimicrobial activity on dandruff causative organism, Malassezia furfur. For the experiment on the mixture of single extracts of natural substances, the results are like following: 1. Staphylococcus aures’s antibacterial activity is resistant to mixture of three natural substances. 2. Escherichia coil’s antibacterial activity is resistant to mixture with Coptidis rhizoma. 3. Candida albicans’ antifungal activity is resistant to mixture with Chinese galls, which means the different results may be expected when tested with each germ. 4. On the other hand, Malassezia furfur has no antifungal activity on the single extract of natural substances and shows weak antifungal activity, whose diameter is 3.20 mm when tested with the mixture of 50% of Coptidis rhizoma and 50% of Phytoncide. The result is totally different from the one on the same eumycetes, C. albicans. That is because M. furfur has more lipophilic chemicaled cell walls than C. albicans does and it also consists of lamella layer, inner plasma membrane and intermediate multiple layers.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 2010

Malassezia (M.) is a member of normal mycobiota in warm-blooded vertebrates. Increased humidity is likely to be crucial in this infection. We studied the proportion of the species infected in dog during summer of Korea. Fifty samples were analyzed by PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing from June 2006 to October 2006. The study showed that lipid-dependent species was main pathogen (M. furfur; 86%, M. obtusa; 10%) while M. pachydermatis (4%) has only small portion. This result suggests that Malassezia infection has endemic characters that can be affected by the climate (temperature and humidity) in dogs.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.220-225
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• 2007

In order to develop a potent antidandruffy agent from medicinal plants, various extracts of medicinal plants and herbs were prepared and investigated its antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur. Among 85 kinds of the secondary screened medicinal plants and herbs, water extract of Chrysanthemum zawadskii had the highest antifungal activity against dandruffy-producing Malassezia furfur. The antifungal compound was also maximally extracted when the powder of Chrysanthemum zawadskii was treated with water at $50^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours. The antifungal compound from Chrysanthemum zawadskii was partially purified by silica gel column chromatography and the partial purified compound was soluble at $70^{\circ}C$ for 20 min and pH $3.0{\sim}9.0$.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.702-709
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• 2014

Luffa cylindrica Roem (sponge gourd) belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and has been cultivated as an ornamental plant in Korea. Recently, its cultivation area has been increased with an increase in demand for it as an ingredient in cosmetics, herbal medicines, and health supplements. We analyzed inorganic components of sap collected from land race sponge gourds. We also measured antioxidant enzyme activities and antimicrobial activities of the plant, seed, and sap to examine functional properties of sponge gourd. The sap of the sponge gourd contained high levels of K, Ca, P, and Mg, with the most abundant mineral in the sap being K ($470mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$). The amounts of Ca and Mg were 2 and 1.7 times more than those found in cucumber (Cucumis sativus), respectively. Ascorbate peroxidase was more active than catalase and superoxide dismutase in various plant parts of sponge gourd. Antioxidant activities were much lower in stems than in other plant parts such as leaves, roots, flowers, fruits, seeds, and sap. In addition, sap showed a very low level of antimicrobial activity against two food-borne pathogens, Vibrio parahaemdyticus and Propionibacterium acne, and none against the other eight tested food-borne pathogens. Antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur, which causes dermatitis, appeared to be higher in sap than in other parts of sponge gourd plants. Overall, the antimicrobial activity against Malassezia furfur appeared to be higher than against Candida albicans.