• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2004

웹 기반 학습 시스템에서 평가를 위한 문제출제 방식에 대해 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 원격 교육에서 출제되는 문제들은 고정 출제나 무작위 출제 방식 또는 난이도에 따른 자동 출제 방식을 사용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 산업 기사 시험을 대비하는 학생들을 위한 웹 기반 학습 시스템을 설계함에 있어 기사 시험에 맞는 새로운 문제 출제 알고리즘을 제시한다. 일반적으로 기사 시험은 평균 점수에 맞는 난이도별 문제 출제와 함께 전체 학습 범위에서 골고루 시험 문제가 출제되어야 하는 특징이 있다. 따라서 제시된 알고리즘에서는 자동 문제 출제를 함에 있어 난이도뿐만이 아니라 전체 학습 범위에 대한 분포도 고려하여 문제를 골고루 출제한다. 이는 난이도에 의한 자동 출제 방식에 비해 기사 시험을 준비하는 학습자에게 보다 효과적인 학습 진단 방법을 제공할 수 있다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2019

Background: Although a growing number of guidelines and clinical researches are available for immunosuppressive treatment of post-transplantation, there is no clinical practice guideline for the care of kidney transplant recipients in Korea. Selection of a researchable question is the most important step in conducting qualified guideline development. Thus, we aimed to formulate key questions for Korean guideline to aid clinical decision-making for immunosuppressive treatment. Methods: Based on previous published guidelines review, a first survey was constructed with 29 questions in the range of immunosuppressive treatments. The experts were asked to rate the clinical importance of the question using a 5-point Likert scale. The questions reached 60% or more from the first survey and additional new questions were included in the second survey. In analyzing the responses to items rated on the 9-point scale, consensus agreement on each question was defined as 75% or more of experts rating 7 to 9. Results: In the first survey, 50 experts were included. Among the 29 questions, 27 were derived to get 60% or more importance and 3 new questions were additionally identified. Through the second survey, 9 questions were selected that experts reached consensus on 75% and over of the options. Finally, we developed key questions using PICO (patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome) methodology. Conclusion: The experts reached a high level of consensus on many of key questions in the survey. Final key questions provide direction for developing clinical practice guideline in the immunosuppressive treatment of transplantation.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.338-343
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• 2010

This paper's purpose is to support the strategies of the Small and Medium Railroad industries requiring certifications and products inspections. This study's objects are Small and Medium Railroad enterprises pursuing the making products, development and serving services. Research's questions consist of 14 principal questions and some incidental questions which are made for finding out what Small and Medium Railroad enterprises need. This research's result will be used for KRRI Railroad Testing & Certification Center's study. This study will include market research, deciding strategies and setting a range of supporting level for Small and Medium Railroad enterprises who request a test and certification service. After due consideration based on surveys, this paper makes clear what enterprises need actually, also indicates the strategic ways to support by technology transfer and test assistance for Small and Medium Railroad enterprises.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2018

'과제 연구'는 토론과 조사를 거쳐 특정 과학 과제를 선정하여 실험실습을 수행하고 결론을 도출하여 보고서를 작성하는 일련의 연구 과정을 체험하기 위한 과목이다. 이때 가치 있는 과학적 탐구 문제를 발견하는 것은 연구의 시작이라고도 할 수 있으며 그 중요성이 지속적으로 강조되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 고등학교 과제연구 수업에서 학생들의 탐구 문제 도출을 돕기 위한 다양한 전략을 마련하여 단계별로 적용하였다. 각 과정을 거치며 학생들의 탐구 문제가 어떻게 발전해 가는지 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 수업은 (1)개방적 문제 탐색, (2)문헌 연구 및 자료 검색, (3)탐구 문제의 변형 및 확장, (4)탐구문제의 공유 및 평가, (5)최종 선정 및 연구 계획서 작성 단계로 이루어져 있다. 이를 경기도에 위치한 일반고등학교 과제 연구 수업에 12차시 동안 적용하였다. 총 13명의 학생들은 3-4명씩 4개의 조를 이루어 연구를 수행하였다. 학생들의 연구 과정이 담긴 포트폴리오 및 연구 계획서를 수집하여 탐구 문제의 도출 과정을 조사하였다. 그 결과 학생들이 제시한 탐구 문제는 수업의 각 과정을 거치며 점차 구체화되었다. 또한 각 조가 도출한 탐구 문제는 수업의 각 단계에 따라 유사한 특징을 나타내었다. 개방적 문제 탐색 단계에서 관심주제를 확인하고 문헌 연구 및 자료 검색을 통해 실현 가능한 과학적 탐구 문제를 제시하기 시작했다. 탐구 문제의 변형 및 확장을 통해 탐구 문제와 관련된 다양한 변인을 찾을 수 있었으며 이를 동료들에게 공유하고 연구 계획서를 작성하면서 탐구 문제를 정확하고 구체적으로 서술할 수 있었다. 탐구 문제 도출을 돕기 위한 전략을 다양하게 투입함으로써 탐구 문제의 여러 가지 측면을 발전시키고 학생이 주도적으로 탐구 문제를 도출하도록 도울 수 있었다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.81-97
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• 2012

본 논문의 목적은 인터도메인 라우팅 프로토콜인 BGP의 '최근동향'을 조사하는 것이다. 먼저 BGP를 BGP 정책과 의사 결정 과정 중심으로 살펴보았다. 그리고 인터도메인 라우팅의 'open question(공개된 문제점)'으로 남아 있는 문제들을 1) 프로토콜의 안정성, 2) 트래픽 엔지니어링, 3) QoS(Quality of Service) 관점에서 조사하고, 왜 이 문제들이 현재 해결하기 어려운지를 살펴보았다. 또 이 문제들을 해결하기 위한 BGP 분야의 가장 최근 연구 동향을 조사하였다.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회/대한산업공학회 2005년도 춘계공동학술대회 발표논문
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• pp.890-894
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• 2005

Coordination between supply chain partners is viewed critical to effective supply chain management. In many situations such as mutual investments or developing infrastructures for their operations related with each other, the coordination issue arises. Depending on the bargaining power balance between them, it is determined who will be able to exert more influence in making decisions related with such coordination. We consider two cases of the decision-making structure in the context of a simple supply chain consisting of two players, i.e., (1) the first case in which a supply chain partner dominates the decision-making process and the other passively follows the dominant player's decision, and (2) the other case in which the two players share the decision-making process equally. We examine which of the cases is better for the companies and where comes the value of the better case. To answer the research questions, we set up an optimal control theory model and derive an analytical solution. The analysis outcome indicates that the shared decision-making in general produces better results for both companies in the supply chain, and the value of the shared decision-making comes from more effective resource utilization than the dominated case.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.535-538
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• 2004

Coordination between supply chain partners is viewed critical to effective supply chain management. Depending on the bargaining power balance between them, it is determined who will be able to exert more influence in making decisions related with such coordination. We consider two cases of the decision-making structure in the context of a simple supply chain consisting of two players, i.e., (1) the first case in which a supply chain partner dominates the decision-making process and the other passively follows the dominant player's decision, and (2) the other case in which the two players share the decision-making process equally. In this paper, we examine which of the cases is better for the companies and where comes the value of the better case. To answer the research questions, we set up an optimal control theory model and derive an analytical solution. The analysis outcome indicates that the shared decision-making in general produces better results for both companies in the supply chain, and the value of the shared decision-making comes from more effective resource utilization than the dominated case.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.275-290
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• 2001

The frameworks for evaluation of national R&D programs reflect their various political and administrative cultures(Gibbons & Georghiou, 1987), and the structure of national R&D system. In this research the core research questions are : what is god evaluation\ulcorner What is being evaluated, by whom, by which criteria, for whom and what purpose\ulcorner In order to examine these general aims and answer these questions, in detail several objectives can be proposed on the process of this research. In this research, the national R&D programs will be considered in terms of the interface between evaluation and the wider policy-making process. The programs for case study are the Alvey program(UK), the Advanced Technology Program (US) and the Framework program(EU) . One of the characteristics of these programs is the well established evaluation systems they have. From the comparative analysis, we can withdraw some useful implication for Korean evaluation practice for national R&D programs. Evaluation system is social process and the way in which it is organized is critical to its outcome.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze of career exploration and career decision-making by identity statuses(diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, achievement) of vocational high school students. The research questions were formulated as follows. (1) Is there a difference in identity statuses by level of the career exploration? (2) Is there a difference in identity statuses by level of the career decision-making? (3) How much identity statuses-identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, identity achievement-effect to the career exploration and career decision-making? 255 vocational high school students in Pusan were sampled. For the statistical analysis, Oneway, analysis of covariance structure by AMOS 4.0 was applied. The results of the study were as follows. (1) The identity diffusion was low in the level of career exploration, but the identity moratorium and achievement were high in the level of career exploration. (3) The identity diffusion was low in the level of career decision-making, but the identity achievement was high in the level of career decision-making. (4) The identity diffusion effected to negatively career exploration and career decision-making, identity foreclosure effected to low positively career exploration and career decision-making, identity moratorium effected to positively career exploration but negatively career decision-making, identity achievement effected to positively career exploration and career decision-making.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2022

The new age is characterised by information communication technology, where computers, laptops, mobile gadgets such as palmtops, tablets, mobile phones and the internet have made their way to every sphere of life from our domestic environments such a homes, small retail shops, banks to large industries and the world at large. Over time, so many questions about the ethical use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have emerged on who has access to what technology and the use of it and like every other technological invention. This paper will look at the morality involved in making use of ICT to promote ethical use of data or information in a virtual environment. ICT also possesses both positive and negative impacts; the questions that these impacts raise are what this piece attempts to answer, providing global scrutiny to these ethical issues, situations and questions; and providing recommendations in line with global best practices.