• 대한화학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 1981

철광석 중에서 주성분 원소들인 철과 티탄올 희석 파라미터법(dilution parameter method)을 이용한 X-선 형광분석법으로 분석하였다. 조성이 비슷한 표준시료와 분석시료 각각에 적당한 희석제($ZrO_2$)를 가하여 적당한 비율 (1:1, 1:2등)로 희석시켜서 원하는 원소의 형광 X-선 세기를 측정하여 다음 식으로 희석 파라미터를 구한다.$Pa=\frac{\frac{I_{as}}{(I_{as})_d}}{D-1}{^{-1}}$이들 파라미터를 이용하여 표준시료와 분석시료의 matrix effect 차이를 보정하여 표준검량선 없이 정량 분석하였다.$W_a=W_a^*{\cdot}{\frac{I_as}{I_{as}^*}{\cdot}\frac{P_a^*}{P_a}$여기서, *는 표준시료를 표시한다. 분석결과는 습식법으로 정량한 값들과 잘 일치하고 재현성도 좋음을 보여주었다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.157-167
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• 2008

Objectives : It is sure that standardization of medical instruments is very important and necessary. Cupping therapy is one of the traditional oriental medical method, and it is necessary to set up a standard of cupping therapy and instruments. Methods : We select 3 major cupping instrument makers according to a questionnaire survey of 2001 oriental medical doctors. Dae Gun is A maker, Han Sol is B maker, Dong Bang is C maker. And with these air pumps we make experiments on stability by an inner impact test and a falling test. With these cups we check stability by an inner impact test and a disinfection test. And to know function of these instruments we test a negative pressure and maintain attached cups until 5 to 10minutes. Results : All results of experiments(impacted test, disinfection test, falling test) on stability of cups and air pumps are suitable for medical instrument. And the efficiency of 3 major makers shows various results. Negative pressure of B group is the highest, C group is the second, A group is the lowest. Pressure maintenance test shows A and C group is comparatively up to the experimental standard(<10%), B group is comparatively below the experimental standard(<10%). Conclusions : Results show stability of cups and air pumps is suitable for medical instruments. And negative pressure of cupping and maintenance of pressure show various results. So it is necessary to set up a standard negative pressure of cupping and maintenance of pressure.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.187-213
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• 2012

The purpose of this article is to examine Fair and Equitable Treatment in International Investment Agreements. Most BITs and other investment treaties provide for FET of foreign investments. Today, this concept is the most frequently invoked standard in investment disputes. It is also the standard with the highest practical relevance: a majority of successful claims pursued in international arbitration are based on a violation of the FET standard. The concept of FET is not new but has appeared in international documents for some time. Some of these documents were nonbinding others entered into force as multilateral or bilateral treaties. Considerable debate has surrounded the question of whether the FET standard merely reflects the internationalminimum standard, as contained in customary international law, or offers an autonomous standard that is additional to general international law. As a matter of textual interpretation, it seems implausible that a treaty would refer to a well-known concept like the "minimum standard of treatment in customary international law" by using the expression "fair and equitable treatment." Broad definitions or descriptions are not the only way to gauge the meaning of an elusive concept such as FET. Another method is to identify typical factual situations to which this principle has been applied. An examination of the practice of tribunals demonstrates that several principles can be identified that are embraced by the standard of fair and equitable treatment. Some of the cases discussed clearly speak to the central roles of transparency, stability, and the investor's legitimate expectations in the current understanding of the FET standard. Other contexts in which the standard has been applied concern compliance with contractual obligations, procedural propriety and due process, action in good faith, and freedom from coercion and harassment. In short, meeting the investor's central legitimate concern of legal consistency, stability, and predictability remains a major, but not the only, ingredient of an investment-friendly climate in which the host state in turn can reasonably expect to attract foreign investment.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2023

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of nursing students' emotional intelligence and interpersonal competence on their caring efficacy. Methods : This study surveyed 217 junior and senior nursing students from City B in South Korea between June 1 and June 30, 2023. The SPSS 22.0 program was employed to analyze the collected data by computing the frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, as well as by conducting t-test, ANOVA test, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and a multivariate regression analysis. Results : The nursing students exhibited an average emotional intelligence of 5.31±.78, interpersonal competence of 3.47±.56, and caring efficacy of 4.02±.62. The students' emotional intelligence showed significant differences in terms of satisfaction with their major (p<.001), satisfaction with the clinical practice (p<.001), satisfaction with their relationship with clinical practice instructors (p=.001), and the standard of living (p=.021). Furthermore, a significant difference in interpersonal competence was observed in terms of the students' satisfaction with their major (p=.003), satisfaction with the clinical practice (p=.001), satisfaction with their relationship with clinical practice instructors (p=.002), and subjective mental health (p=.005). Meanwhile caring efficacy demonstrated a significant difference with regard to the grade level (p=.001), satisfaction with the major (p<.001), satisfaction with the clinical practice (p<.001), satisfaction with their relationship with clinical practice instructors (p=.007), subjective mental health (p<.001), and subjective physical health (p=.047). The factors that affected the caring efficacy included interpersonal competence (p=.002), grade level (p<.001), satisfaction with the major (p=.004), and emotional intelligence (p=.020), all of which together accounted for an explanatory power of 22.3 %. Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, it is evident that further research related to the emotional intelligence, interpersonal competence, and caring efficacy of nursing students must be encouraged in the future. Furthermore efforts should be made to develop appropriate programs aimed at enhancing nursing students' caring efficacy by accounting for their emotional intelligence and interpersonal competence.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.427-440
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• 2011

Purpose: The following research analyzes the causes of major selection and career decision of students studying dental technology. It is to be used as basic data for the management of career improvement program. Methods: The survey has been processed to 490 college students studying Dental Technology in D-college. Questionnaire consists of major selection confidence sheet (14 items) and career decision confidence sheet (18 items) and was scored with 5-points per question. The collected data was analyzed by the statistical program: SAS V8 for Windows. To test for significance on each item, p < 0.05 has been decided as a standard. Results: The analysis of result about the level of confidence on major selection has valid difference by genders, serving military service or not, experience of studying one more year to enter the college or not, making career decision and grade. The analysis of result about career decision has valid difference by gender, serving military service, career decision, day and night course, age and native place. Conclusion: We develop the career advice program and manage it effectively, the confidence on the major selection and pride about its faculty will be high to dental technology students.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2006

2004년 1월부터 12월까지 부산 주변해역에서 채집된 참돔의 식성을 조사하였다. 참돔의 체장분포는 8.5~44.6 cm SL의 범위였다. 참돔의 주요 먹이생물은 집게류 (Anomura), 단각류 (Amphipoda), 게류 (Brachyura), 새우류 (Caridea), 갯지렁이류 (Polychaeta), 극피동물 (Echinodermata), 어류(Pisces) 등 매우 다양했다. 그 외, 복족류(Gastropoda), 이매패류(Bivalvia), 갯가재류(Stomatopoda), 두족류(Cephalopoda) 자포동물(Cnidaria), 등각류(Isopoda) 등도 소량 섭이하였다. 참돔은 성장함에 따라 먹이생물 조성에 있어 변화를 보였는데, 체장 8~15 cm SL에서 새우류의 점유율이 높았으며, 15~25 cm SL에서는 집게류와 갯지렁이류의 점유율이 높았다. 그리고 25 cm SL 이상에서는 극피동물류와 어류의 점유율이 높게 나타났다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.28-40
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• 1996

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutrition quality of the commercial infant formulas and to seek the solution to the establishment of the standard of nutrient requirements for infant formula in Korea. Nutrition informations were obtained from the labels of nineteen commercial infant formulas manufactured by 3 different companies, and the actual amounts of some nutrients were analyzed and compared to the labeled amounts. In addition, the nutrient composition of the commercial infant formulas was compared to the composition of breast milk, RDA for infants, and Codex standard for infant formula. The kind of minerals, vitamins and special components added to the commercial infant formulas were the major differences among 3 manufacturers. For some nutrients, the analyzed amounts were lower than the labeled amounts. In addition when different batches of the same kind of infant formula were analyzed, the large variations in the amounts of certain nutrients were noted. These data suggest that the nutrition labeling informations need to be validated, and nutrients added to the formulas are to be homogenized thoroughly. In order to solve these problems, therefore, like other countries, we need to establish the standard of nutrient requirements for infant formulas. Considering the available data on breast milk composition, RDA for infants and coordination with the international standard, we suggest the adoption of the Codex standard for infant formula may be the best way to manage the nutrition quality of commercial infant formulas at the present time.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.475-484
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to suggest the standard sizing system and grading rules according to body types of elderly women. The data were the anthropometric measurements of 329 women aged 60 and older measured in 2001. To determine the effective and useful clothing sizing system, the distribution of hip girth and bust girth of 3 body types which were suggested in KS K 0055 was analyzed, and the significant difference among adjoining hip girth ranges was analyzed, too. And the sizes of major body parts that were used for manufacturing clothing were made to have regular interval between each clothing sizes. From this study, we certified that each different sizing system for 3 body types to manufacture more suitable clothing for elderly women was necessary and suggested the standard size for each body type. And we also suggested the patternmaking sizes that were needed to manufacture ready-made clothing. On the basis of standard size, we suggested the grading rules for 3 body types. And we verified the propriety of the grading rules for 3 body types through the fitting test, and we knew that the grading rules for 3 body types of this study was very useful to manufacture clothing for elderly women.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.819-828
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 효율적이고 신속한 철도사고처리를 위해 임시복구 표준화(code) 및 표준운영체계(안)을 제시하고 있다. 우선, 철도사고유형을 국내 외 철도사고유형별 피해종류로 재분류하였으며, 이를 관련분야, 복구대상, 사고위치의 3자리 표준화된 코드로 제시하였다. 또한, 임시복구 표준운영체계(안) 수립방법을 정립하고 표준화된 임시복구 유형별 최악의 경우(worst case)와 임시복구절차 수립을 위한 중요항목(event)을 도출하여 임시복구유형별 임시복구 표준운영절차를 제시하였다. 이러한 표준화(code) 및 표준운영절차는 철도사고 DB관리, 신속한 사고처리 및 피해최소화를 위한 철도사고 비상대응관리체계 구축에 중요한 역할을 담당할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.818-823
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• 2004

In case of the Korea Railroad, when we would decide the track structure, it has been introduced the whole track structure system based on only the foreign application cases and data offered by manufacturers without the process of the objective performance verification. The value of property for track materials, derived from the calculation of track structure, was hard to perform the objective performance evaluation among track structure systems because each manufacturer adopted the different test method and standard. To solve the above-mentioned problem, it should suggest the technical and objective evaluation method about the performance of track materials and meet with the standard of High Speed railroad and international railroad through the establishment and revision of performance standard. In the objective and technical respects, it will be a major role to decide the track structure. In this paper, I would like to summarize the case which was improved the problem of test method and standard exposed from the performance verification of Rail Fastening System among the track structure systems of High speed railroad.