• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.24-36
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• 2019

This study shows that the role of residents in landscape management is becoming increasingly important. The purpose of this study is to suggest elements that can continue the operation of landscape agreements and directions for promoting them. Therefore, 1)the operational elements considering the sustainability of the landscape agreements were proposed by way of literature research, expert interviews, and surveys. 2)The sustainable operation of elements of the landscape agreement were applied and best practices were developed through interviews with participants and literature analysis. 3)The final plan operational elements considering the sustainability of the landscape agreements and the directions for implementation were presented. As for the results, it was first presented that the elements of continuous operation of the landscape agreement, consisted of 3 major categories, 10 subcategories, and 25 details. These include resident awareness, practical applicability, effectiveness of administrative means, securing the budget, maintenance, public relations, expert support, dedicated support organization, sustainability of participation, and resident participation and communication methods. It is a detailed list of items that should be considered in the preparation phase, maintenance phase, and conclusion phase. Second, it suggested the direction for the sustainable operation of the landscape agreements be highly backed by the residents, and after reaching consensus on a landscape agreement, it is necessary that the agreement is based on contents that the residents can execute themselves. In addition, it was found that there is a need for a system to prepare the basis for securing the budget for the continuity of work, preparation of the landscape agreements, and consultation and activity costs during the maintenance phase. In addition, continuous exchanges and capacity building among residents have signed landscape agreements, and step-by-step support from experts in accordance with the level of involvement of residents is necessary. Third, even if a landscape agreement is concluded in connection with public projects, it is understood that the residents have the capacity to participate and can continue to support the administration and experts to enable the continued operation of the landscape agreement.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.301-324
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of the childcare teachers regarding accreditation procedures and feasibility of the second accreditation index according their past participation in the accreditation process. The objects were 193 childcare teachers working at child care centers that were accredited using the initial accreditation index. The collected data was analyzed using frequency, percentile, $X^2$, and t-test. The major findings are as follows: First, childcare teachers without accreditation experience perceived 'continuing education of child care center directors and teachers' to be the most important for quality maintenance after successful accreditation. In contrast, childcare teachers with accreditation experience placed the most importance on 'childcare teachers' motivation and continuing enrollment'. Second, childcare teachers with accreditation experience perceived higher feasibility in the subcategories of 'art activity materials' in the category of child care environment, 'providing operation policies and information of child care teachers', 'care for children', and 'employment contract' in the operation & management category, 'sanitary management of food, cooking and feeding', 'care of sick or injured child', 'health management of children and childcare teachers', 'snacks for children' in the category of health and nutrition and 'safe procedures for handing over children' in the category of safety. In general, childcare teachers with accreditation experience perceived higher feasibility of the second accreditation index in all categories.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.137-142
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• 2014

Industrial control system (ICS) is a computer based system which are typically used in nation-wide critical infra-structure facilities such as electrical, gas, water, wastewater, oil and transportation. In addition, ICS is essentially used in industrial application domain to effectively monitor and control the remotely scattered systems. The highly developed information technology (IT) and related network techniques are continually adapted into domains of industrial control system. However, industrial control system is confronted significant side-effects, which ICS is exposed to prevalent cyber threats typically found in IT environments. Therefore, cyber security vulnerabilities and possibilities of cyber incidents are dramatically increased in industrial control system. The vulnerabilities that may be found in typical ICS are grouped into Policy and Procedure, Platform, and Network categories to assist in determining optimal mitigation strategies. The order of these vulnerabilities does not necessarily reflect any priority in terms of likelihood of occurrence or severity of impact. Firstly, corporate security policy can reduce vulnerabilities by mandating conduct such as password usage and maintenance or requirements for connecting modems to ICS. Secondly, platfom vulnerabilities can be mitigated through various security controls, such as OS and application patching, physical access control, and security software. Thirdly, network vulnerabilities can be eliminated or mitigated through various security controls, such as defense-in-depth network design, encrypting network communication, restricting network traffic flows, and providing physical access control for network components.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the health behavior and the oral health status of workers engaged in a manufacturing business, and to analyze the related factors that affect their number if teeth loss. References for the study involved the materials of 526 individuals whose occupational categories are of a manufacturing business, amongst the survey participants in seven city or gun (county) area including Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongju-si, Mungyeong-si, Chilgok-gun, Yecheon-gun and Sangju-gun for the Community Health Survey (CHS) conducted in 2008. The CHS 2008 was conducted for three months from September to November 2008, and the survey details utilized in the study included the number of loss of teeth and teeth-brushing frequency, which was a part of CHS questionnaires and also additionally included for the study. The analysis with respect to the number of teeth loss on sociodemographic factors, was found to be significantly related to the age, educational status, average monthly income and occupation (p<.01). In the $x^2$-test in terms of the oral health status and the number of teeth loss, it was found that the teeth-brushing after lunch (p<.05) and an experience in an oral examination were statistically significant factors (p<.01). According to the multiple-regression analysis with the number of teeth loss being a dependent variable, the age, educational status, marital status and subjective oral health status were the statistically significant (p<.01). In conclusion, it is important to provide education on the teeth-brushing subjected to workers engaged in a manufacturing business with many dental caries and low educational status, and to recommend a regular scaling as well as to establish policy for creating conditions upon an oral health check-up and a tooth scaling and thus allow the maintenance of an oral health.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.423-432
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• 2020

Objectives: In this study, we analyzed the current state of delivery containers and packages and established handling guidelines to safely transport delivery containers and packages for use in research, testing, and examination reagents. Methods: Handling guidelines were revised in such categories as maintenance of the handling facilities, storage, loading and unloading, containers and packages, transportation, etc. In addition, we analyzed the current state of domestic sales for hazardous chemicals used for research, testing, and examination reagents, and investigated the handling guidelines related to delivery transportation in the USA, EU, and Japan by chemical property. Results: There are 6,160 companies selling hazardous chemicals. Among them, the 476 companies selling reagents for use in research, testing, and examination were investigated. Total amounts handled reached 425,000 tons, contributing to 0.2% of the total. For delivery transportation, internal containers and packaging was specified for chemical properties as follows: within 1 L for flammable gas, within 5 L for flammable liquid, and within 18 L for others. In addition, the maximum size of the outer package was set within 130 cm for total length, width, and height, and no dimension of the packaging could exceed 60 cm. Sixty-four hazardous chemicals with explosiveness or acute inhalation toxicity were prohibited for delivery transportation. Conclusion: Specified handling guidelines for inner and outer containers as well as packaging were regulated for delivery transportation of hazardous chemicals used for reagents. In addition, 64 hazardous chemicals were prohibited for delivery transportation. These are designed to prevent transportation accidents involving hazardous chemicals for reagents and thus protect the safety and health of transporters who handle hazardous chemicals.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 1994

Stress is experienced when a person tries to maintain stability in the face of life change but is not able to meet the adaptive demands of change. This can be especially true for the parents who has a cerebral palsy childs who needs long term rare, where parents, are the primary source of care and responsibility. Successful coping leads to maintenance of the parents role and this has an effect on the health status of the child. This descriptive study was attempted to identify stress factors, levels and helpful coping patterns for parents who must take care of cerebral palsy children. Data were collected from 43 subjects who were parents of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy The informations gathered from March 25, 1994 to April 14, 1994 by means of structured questionnaires were analyzed. Two instruments were used to collect the data 1) Lee's stress questionnaire consisted of 33 stress factors and measured by four point Likert scale. 2) Modified Chronic Health Inventory for parents: The modified CHIP included 43 items of coping methods with four point Likert scale. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Stress items could have a maximum score of three points, for a total possible score of 132 points. The mean score for the total was 92.02 points. The item mean score was 2.85 points showing that the parents were experiencing moderate to much stress. 2) The items with the highest stress items were 16 items. The stress items with the lowest mean scores were 10 items. 3) Of the stress categories: The highest stress category was related to changes in the illness status of the child and difficulty in taking rare of the child. The second stressful category was related to the prognosis of the child's condition. The least stress was noticed to social-personal relationships and the responsibility of the care givers. 4) Items measuring coping in the parents had a maximum score of three points each with a total possible roping score of 172 points. The mean score for the total was 103,9 paints. The item mean score was 2.42 points indicating that there were responses of little helpful to moderately helpful on each coping pattern. 5) The most helpful coping items were 7 items. The least helpful coping items were 2 items. 6) Effectiveness of the coping for each patterns was examined : Understanding the illness condition from communication with parents of children with the same condition and consultation with the medical team was the most helpful coping pattern. Family's coorperation and integration and optimism were a moderately helpful coping pattern. Social support psychological stability and self esteem were the least helpful toping pattern. In conclusion, the highest stress for parents of children with cerebropalsy was found to be very stressful changes in the illness of the child and to taking care of a child who is suffering. The parents were helped by the coping methods using understanding of the illness condition through consultation with the medical learn and communication with parents in the same situation. Based on the knowledge, care could develop intervention strategies appropriate for them, help them to develop their effective coping patterns, and give support them in the process of coping with their stress.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.281-290
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• 2003

In the knowledge and information-based age of today, it would be fair to say that the compatibility of each person, enterprise, and nation can be evaluated by how each of them manages and maintains the knowledge created from data and information. Since the importance and necessity of knowledge management has been acknowledged, there have been studies to create, apply, and evaluate the knowledge concerning design. Previous studies done on this subject can be divided into three main categories - CRM, online statistical research, and eCRM - according to the materials used to create knowledge. These studies are meaningful in that they can create knowledge in their respective fields, although they are somewhat inadequate because the designers can't create as much knowledge as can be applied in business; design-related consumers demand composite knowledge integrating the characteristics of all three fields. In other words, they want to know the ordinary customers'preferences in the previous off-line market in the CRM field, the research results of statistical questionnaires to the various elements of design in statistical research fields, and even the pattern of preference and consumption of many and unspecified persons transcending the time and place in eCRU field. This study proposes to solve the problem related with web-based design knowledge maintenance through the synthetic application of CRM, Statistical Research, and eCRM The information proposed in the solution can De expected to help designers working at design-related enterprises, as well as research institutes, to develop the knowledge necessary to design more consumer-oriented products.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2018

This study was carried out to define the characteristics of the identified ground-dwelling invertebrate communities at Nari basin and Tonggumi area in Ulleungdo Island, designated as a nationally important agricultural heritage. The habitat types were divided into the following categories: crop land, forest, and ecotone, and the soil-dwelling invertebrates were collected according to habitat type. The ground-dwelling invertebrates were collected using a pitfall trap, and a self-organizing map (SOM) was applied to the invertebrates dataset to define the characteristics in invertebrates distribution. The SOM clearly classified the relevant information into four clusters, and extracted ecological information from the invertebrates dataset. The cluster II was composed of invertebrate communities which are collected in the Tonggumi area. The Tonggumi area is where mountainous areas were developed for agricultural purposes, which has geographical features commonly observed in Ulleungdo Island. It is noted that the cluster II has different characteristics as compared other clusters. The results of this study are expected to be used for the preservation of agricultural environment and maintenance of biodiversity by providing basic data, on the biotope of Ulleungdo Island designated as a nationally important agricultural heritage and information on the characteristics of the applicable ground-dwelling invertebrate communities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1027-1035
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to develop the first domestic professional hospice educational program. We investigated the present condition of Korean hospice education and analyzed the prerequisite need for a dedicated hospice course in the professional education process. Research was conducted between June and November 1996 for nursing professors teaching at each nursing education institute to find out how much hospice is being discussed and by whom, in which course it is being discussed, and also to find out the contents that needed to be included in the professional education process. From a total of 49 colleges(29 three year colleges, 20 four year colleges) out of 99, 162 nursing professors replied, the collection rate was 49.5%. The conclusions are as follows ; 1. The present condition of the hospice nursing education. 1) Whether hospice is included in the education program. \circled1 89.65% of 3 year colleges and 90% of 4 year colleges included hospice education in their education program. \circled2 In graduate studies three schools included hospice in their program and three schools expressed their plans to include hospice education 2) Hospice related education were commonly discussed in adult nursing(26.3%), fundamental nursing(22.8%), and psychiatric nursing(20.2%). In 3 year colleges its commonly discussed in the first and second year and in 4 year colleges it is taught in the second and third year. 3) Hospice related theory/practical education hours were averages of 6.5/7.0 hrs in 3 year colleges and 14.2/11.3 hrs in 4 year colleges. 4) The majority of professors in charge of hospice education were in the following order adult nursing, psychiatric nursing, and fundamental nursing. 5) The courses that are thought to be adequate to manage hospice related education were adult nursing(29.3%), community health nursing(21.7%) and the desired method of education was the method currently being used (36.5%). 2. The demand for hospice nursing education. 1) Over 70% demanded professional hospice education program, the highest demand was for the value and meaning of life followed by the role and qualification of the hospice team and the mental maintenance of a dying patient. 25 categories showed over 90% demand. 2) The highest demand was for the value and meaning of life (98.2%) and the lowest demand were for danjeon breathing(71.0%)and acupuncture(71.0%). 3) Other contents that need to be discussed in the professional hospice education program were hospice nursing, the attitude and reaction of death, bereavement care, and the prospects of hospice.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.619-640
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to promote alternative plans on the prejudiced and distorted parts in school textbooks in the aspect of multi-functionality of agriculture and rural community. This was done through analysis of the contents in 44 kinds of schoolbooks in Korean language (30 of elementary school, 12 of middle school and 2 of high school). This will lead to promote the understanding about the multi-functionality and form the proper value system related to agriculture and rural community for children and juveniles using schoolbooks. A content analysis which is a research tool to classify all contents of materials containing the properties to become the object of interest in a systematic way, was employed to examine to what extent the contents on agriculture and rural community were reflected in the textbooks for elementary school, middle school and high school. The content analysis was done in two categories, namely; application method and function view. Application method had four types of texts, cases, figures pictures, and activities, while function view emphasized the relevance for the multi-functionality of agriculture and rural community (i.e., function of environment preservation, function of rural scenery and rural traditional culture conservation, function of maintenance and development of local society, and function of food security). The results of application method in elementary school showed that the textbook of the second-year class having a large amount of figures pictures related to agriculture and rural community, had the highest frequency in all six grades. In the function view, the environment preservation function was most abundant among a variety of multi-functionalities. In middle school, the average frequency had shown a rapid decrease. However, the function of environment preservation in the function view and the texts by application method were most frequent. in the first-year class. In high school, however, any mention related to agriculture and rural community was not made, in spite of the fact that the ten parts of textbook contained a lot of contents with a reasonable level. Based on the results of content analysis, findings and recommendations by part in textbooks for elementary school, middle school and high school have been drawn, and several examples for the content development to be included in the textbooks were listed.