• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2002

In this study, a numerical stability analysis was performed for a large tunnel considering excavation sequence. In most cases, stability of a tunnel is analyzed based on the stability of the final excavation stage only. In this study, stability analysis of a tunnel was performed at each excavation stage. In summary, it can be inferred that there is no problem in stability of the tunnel. However, thorough and careful measurements are recommended. Also, it is found that the stability of the tunnel at the 5th excavation stage when the right half of the main tunnel is excavated is rather lower than that of the tunnel at the final excavation stage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.10c
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• pp.103-122
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• 2001

For prediction of ground movement per the excavation step, observational results of ground movement during the construction was very different with prediction during the analysis of design. step because of the uncertainty of the numerical analysis modelling, the soil parameter, and the condition of a construction field, etc. however accuratly numerical analysis method was applied. Therefore, the management system through the construction field measurement should be achieved for grasping the situation during the excavation. Until present, the measurement system restricted by ‘Absolute Value Management system’only analyzing the stability of present step was executed. So, it was difficult situation to expect the prediction of ground movement for the next excavation step. In this situation, it was developed that ‘The Management system TOMAS-EXCAV’ consisted of ‘Absolute value management system’ analyzing the stability of present step and ‘Prediction management system’ expecting the ground movement of next excavation step and analyzing the stability of next excavation step by‘Back Analysis’. TOMAS-EXCAV could be applied to all uncertainty of earth retaining structures analysis by connecting ‘Forward analysis program’ and ‘Back analysis program’ and optimizing the main design variables using SQP-MMFD optimization method through measurement results. The application of TOMAS-EXCAV was confirmed that verifed the three earth retaing construction field by back analysis.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.299-311
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• 2023

Continuous excavation technologies are developed to improve the excavation rate of shield TBM. Continuous excavation is a technology that provides thrust to segments, excluding being installed one, to reduce tunneling downtime. This paper investigated the prior technology related to continuous excavation segments. The main technology was classified into helical segment, honeycomb segment, and conventional segment methods. The helical segment method has not been applied in actual construction yet, and the honeycomb segment method has not succeeded in commercialization. The continuous excavation method using conventional segments has been successfully demonstrated. The thrust force and operation method of the thrust jacks for the semi-continuous technology were analyzed. Continuous excavation TBM research is also progressing in Korea, and through the analysis of successful cases, the need to develop independent continuous excavation methods has been identified.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.81-90
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• 2014

This paper aimed to identify the variation of layout in Hwangnyoungsa buddhist temple site based on studying published the excavation research paper and texts related to layout. According to earlier studies, in 1st construction period(553~569) of Hwangnyoungsa, there were trisection spaces with one main hall and two corridors in inner part and then in 2nd period(584~645), unified one. But actually trisection spaces had been maintained until the middle part of 8th century. And in each space there was the main hall with large yard. That is the 2nd period layout of Hwangnyoungsa. For the attainment this result, each building remains are judged under duplicated situation which one was the previous and next by consideration of the construction condition and special features of foundation. Although the meaning of trisection system of Hwangnyoungsa is similar with the layout of ancient palace, it could be said to derive from accumulation excavation research in Silla's archeological site and such studies.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.59-79
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• 2006

The architectural characteristics and historical positioning which the historical architecture will be understood better through collecting results from researches which was done on various points of views and positions. Therefore, a study on the layout of the main palace of Goryeo Dynasty also becomes a prerequisite for understanding the architectural characteristics and historical positioning which it possesses. However, the reality is that as the results from the excavation and preceding researches were not integrated together, the understanding of the layout of main palace is remaining on a partial and conceptual level. Therefore, this paper attempted to review in overall the restoration of the layout of the main palace of Goryeo Dynasty using historical documents, precedent researches, excavation maps, topographical map and cadastral maps. Consequently, it was possible to confirm the name of some of the ruins and restore the location and layout of other buildings. The result of this research presented above, will become a basis for understanding the layout of the main palace of Goryeo Dynasty in more realistic and way. Furthermore, it could be used as a fundamental data for related researches.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2013

This study is related to excavation from ruins the memorial structure within the Jeongreung royal tomb. There are experimental assertion on the basis of results of the excavation, historical records. The location of the memorial structure is identified in picture of Sunwonbogam(선원보감), records of Chunkwantongho(春官通考). The memorial structure have 6 rooms where lay in 250 steps(步) from the south of Hongjeonmun gate, lotus pond lay in southeast of the structure recorded on Chunkwantongho that's guide book to manners. It's matched in the location as result of excavation. The building site consists of main house(윗채), outhouse(아래채) that's stationed in stepped. It seems that main house as the memorial structure have 6 rooms. It's used as outhouse for facilities attached to the main. It's characterized the memorial structure within the Jeongreung royal tomb that's stationed main house, outhouse in stepped it using natural ground. It's estimated that it's tried to conservation for building site, fence etc. in next several time. With regard to constructing time of the structure, traces involved to first construction is simple: 2 chimneys in flower bed, fence, a part of stone elevation, drains by using rectangular stone. It shows that the building site had been reconstructed or renovated during Gho-jong King 37s year of the Choson dynasty(A.D.1900). It seems that the memorial structure during approximately 300 years in existence from Hyeon-jong King 10s year of the Choson dynasty(A.D.1669) to the late 1960s.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.321-328
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• 2009

A optimal reinforcement in the joint rock slope excavation adjacent to an existing tunnel would be influenced by excavation distance from the tunnel, slope angel, and joint conditions but has been empirically determined so far. In this study, large scale model tests were conducted to find out the relationship between load translation on the excavation surface and bebavior of the tunnel according to excavation steps of the jointed rock slope. Consequently, two main parameters, joint dip and sloped angle were investigated in those model tests. From the test results, it was found that tunnel deformation was the largest one when the excavation of joints located closer to the tunnel crown or invert. Stability of the slope and the tunnel were varied in a certain excavation stage related to the angle of slope. In the future, based on results of this study the reinforcement method for the tunnel and slope safety in a jointed rock mass will be demonstrated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.97-100
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• 2004

It is now very important that we have to explore the excellency of Korean traditional foods and to hand down the taste of it to the next generations, because the shapes of the foods or the foods themselves are fading out on the ground that the western style of foods are spreading very widely. However, the realistic research about the foods are very slight and the data of the systemic investigation and excavation about the Korean traditional foods are very short. In addition to this, we are need to investigate, excavate, and accumulate the data for the foods when there are persons who has some experience about how to cook and know-how about the actual foods in order to prepare the international reservation for [an agreement of biological diversity], which was signed at Riu, Brazil. The research is done at the province of Chungchung from March to December, 2001. We observed the foods of the province, separating it into Chungchun-namdo and Chungchung-bukto. We collected the kinds of foods by the questionnaire or the field investigation, and we studied the historical evidence for them conferring the books about the foods( for instance, Whang, Hae-Sung and others). And we took the pictures on the process of making foods that the initiate experts are demonstrating. The kinds of traditional foods in Chung-buk were 158 foods, of which main dishes were 42 including Pyogo busutbap, and side dishes are 93 including Guysan-chu-tang, and preferences were 26 including Chik-bu-kku-mi, based on the conference books. However, our excavation and investigation shown that traditional foofs of Chung-buk were 95 kinds, of which main dishes were 18 including Keingsengi-ju, and side dishes were 44 including Jinip-kimchi, and preferences were 33 including Gamtto-gaetteok. However, the questionnaire shown that the kinds of traditional foods of Chung-nam were 342, of which main dishes were 53 including Kukijasun-bibim-bap, and side dishes were 202 including Kkokgeial-teonjang-kuk, and preferences were 90 including Hodu-kawja. However, our excavation and investigation shown that the traditional foods of Chung-nam were 90 kinds, of which main dishes were 8 including Ssuk-bap, and side dishes were 64 kinds including Hobak-geikukji, and preferences were 21 kinds including Yeohyangchia.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.696-708
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• 2002

Seismic Reflection Methods(TSP, HSP) have been applied in the junction between 2nd Adit and Main Tunnel (Solan Tunnel) of Youngdiong Railroad(Mt. Dongbaek∼Dokye). In this paper, methods and case study will be introduced to predict discontinuties in the tunnel before excavation by the Seismic Reflection Methods(TSP, HSP)and secure construction stability of the tunnel in blasting and excavation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.03b
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• pp.395-402
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• 2000

Recently, the deep excavations have been peformed to utilize the under ground space. As the ground excavation is deeper, the damage of the adjacent structure and the ground occurs frequently. The analysis of the retaining structures is necessary to the safety of the excavation works. There are many methods such as elasto-plastic, FEM, and FDM to analyze the displacement of the retaining structure. The elasto-plastic method is generally used in practice. In this thesis, GEBA-1 program by the Nakamura-Nakajawa elasto-plastic method was developed. The program for Windows was used the Visual Basic 6.0, and the Main of the program consists of three subroutines, SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3. The lateral displacement of the wall was analyzed by the developed program GEBA-1, SUNEX, and EXCAD, and compared with the measured displacement by the Inclinometer(at three excavation work sites). The excavation method of each site is braced retaining wall using H-pile. Each excavation depth is 14m, 14m, or 8.2m. The results of the analyses are the followings ① In the multi-layer soil, the lateral displacement by the GEBA-1 and EXCAD which is considering the distribution of the strut load is equal to the measured displacement. Elasto-plasto programs can't consider the change of the ground water in clay. Therefore, the analysis displacement was expected only 20% of the measured wall displacement. ③ At the final excavation step, the maximum lateral displacement of analysis and field occurred 7∼18m at the 85∼92% of the excavation depth. ④ The maximum lateral displacement in clay, as 50mm, occurred on the ground surface.