• Korean small business review
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.123-144
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• 2020

This study attempt to use secondary data from KIS-Value to understand how rapid globalization strategy affects BGF's performance defined five categories such as sales volume, return on investment, net profit per employee, increase in sales, and increase in net profit per employee. In particular, this research defines the BGF based on the export ratio within five years after the establishment and classifies BGF into three levels according to 25%, 50%, and 75% concentration of exports. The main results of this study were first, the rapid internationalization strategy was proven to have a sales effect in the short and long term, and in particular, the short term effect was more significantly compared to the long term effect. However, the impact on the return on investment(ROI) of BGF was found that the more stringent the BGF level, the more short-term effect on ROI, but the longer-term effect was diluted according to time. Third, the sales growth rate is significant in the short-term depending on the BGF level, but do not have long-term effects same as ROI. On the other hand, the growth rate of net profit has shown that the BGF strategy has a negative (-) effect over the long term. In particular, the higher the BGF level, the greater the negative impact on the increase in net profit.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.748-756
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• 2021

In this study, as the first attempt to develop an experiential game tourism program using Korean classical literature, the primary research was conducted on Kim Soo-Jang and his anthology "Hae Dong Ga Yo". To this end, a theoretical review of the value of hands-on games and Korean classical literature as tourism content was conducted first. Afterwards, the consumers for the program were set up into three categories: family unit, MZ generation including lovers, and foreigners. A survey was conducted to confirm the program preference of each group. According to the analysis framework, the main value of each historical and cultural resource in "Hae Dong Ga Yo" and seven sijo pieces created by Kim Soo-Jang was discovered and, based on the survey, the preferences of the consumer related to the target were analyzed. Accordingly, the narrative structures were organized differently for each group. An adventure plot was designed for the family unit, a love plot for MZ generation and lovers, and a mixture of adventure and love for foreigners. Utilizing stories from Kim Soo-Jang and his works, which are rarely used despite their value, this study attempted to develop them into hands-on game tourism programs to create new outlets in terms of both Korean classical literature and the tourism area. In the future, if various Joseon literati are discovered and their storytelling is continued, we can expect the vitalization of the travel product line with the concept of classical literature travel.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.12
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• pp.632-641
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• 2021

Background: Over the past few decades, various goals have been defined to reduce the mortality of children caused by acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) worldwide. However, few spatial studies to date have reported on ALRI deaths. Purpose: We aimed to assess the spatial modeling of mortality from ALRI in children under 5 years of age during 2000-2017 using a global data. Methods: The data on the mortality of children under 5 years old caused by ALRI were initially obtained from the official website of the World Health Organization. The income status of their home countries was also gathered from the Country Income Groups (World Bank Classification) website and divided into 5 categories. After that, in the ArcGIS 10.6 environment, a database was created and the statistical tests and related maps were extracted. The Global Moran's I statistic, Getis-Ord Gi statistic, and geographically weighted regression were used for the analyses. In this study, higher z scores indicated the hot spots, while lower z scores indicated the cold spots. Results: In 2000-2017, child mortality showed a downward trend from 17.6 per 100,000 children to 8.1 and had a clustered pattern. Hot spots were concentrated in Asia in 2000 but shifted toward African countries by 2017. A cold spot that formed in Europe in 2007 showed an ascending trend by 2017. Based on the results of geographically weighted regression test, the regions identified as the hot spots of mortality from ALRI in children under 5 years old were among the middle-income countries (R²=0.01, adjusted R²=8.77). Conclusion: While the total number of child deaths in 2000-2017 has decreased, the number of hot spots has increased among countries. This study also concluded that, during the study period, Central and Western Africa countries became the main new hot spots of deaths from ALRI.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.241-272
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• 2022

This purpose of this study was to use the meta-summary method to systematically integrate the findings of the heterogeneous qualitative research on the factors influencing the sexual identity formation process of lesbian, gay, and bisexual groups in Korea. The integrative investigation of the universal or unique factors affecting the identity formation of sexual minority is important to understand their internal experiences and support their psychological adaptation. Using a qualitative meta-summary, this study systematically identified and abbriviated the psychological and social factors that promote or impede the sexual identity acceptance and integration of LGB individuals. First, a total of 9 studies which were published in Korea up to 2021 were identified through the research database. The included studies were critically evaluated by using the Critical Appraisal Screening Programme tool. A total of 179 statements were extracted from the findings of each study and 34 abstracted statements were generated. The 34 abstracted statements were categorized into four groups, psychological factors that promote or impede sexual identity formation and social factors that promote or impede it. These four main categories and corresponding factors in each category were explained. The implications and limitations were also discussed.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.63-107
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• 2016

This paper analyzed the restrictiveness of the rules of origin of the 15 FTAs of Korea utilizing the restrictiveness index suggested by Estevadeordal(2000). The main purpose of the paper is to provide an update of the current status and characteristics of the restrictiveness of the rules of origin based on product type and country. The research showed that FTA with EU and Turkey showed the highest restrictiveness, whereas New Zealand, Peru and India showed the lowest. Overall, Korea's restrictiveness index was found to be at appropriate levels. Additionally, in terms of the current status by restrictiveness index, over time with the exception of European countries in the FTA, products with the lowest score in restrictiveness index of 2 continued to be processed in the Korea-Peru FTA which illustrated the current trend of easing restrictiveness. In terms of restrictiveness index based on product type, commodity products, processed food, clothing-fabric-general merchandise were found to be very strict. However, in categories such as general machinery, electronics, chemical products and precision instruments, the restrictiveness index showed the lowest readings. The results imply the high restrictiveness in sensitive products that are vulnerable from competition through high tariffs, and easing of restrictiveness in competitive products in order to vitalize trade. The results also show that in Korea's FTA, Korea's rules of origin in FTA vary and are sorted in a complicated manner. With an increasing number of FTAs and a number of different rules of origin, there is a need for standardized criteria for Korea. This study was significant in that it compiled all the rules of origin and the restrictiveness index of all FTAs that came into effect and have been negotiated in Korea. The results of the research are expected to be used as an informative and meaningful guideline for Korea's FTAs.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.6D
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• pp.1025-1032
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• 2006

Sensor modeling of high-resolution satellites is a prerequisite procedure for mapping and GIS applications. Sensor models, describing the geometric relationship between scene and object, are divided into two main categories, which are rigorous and approximate sensor models. A rigorous model is based on the actual geometry of the image formation process, involving internal and external characteristics of the implemented sensor. However, approximate models require neither a comprehensive understanding of imaging geometry nor the internal and external characteristics of the imaging sensor, which has gathered a great interest within photogrammetric communities. This paper described a comparison between rigorous and various approximate sensor models that have been used to determine three-dimensional positions, and proposed the appropriate sensor model in terms of the satellite imagery usage. Through the case study of using IKONOS satellite scenes, rigorous and approximate sensor models have been compared and evaluated for the positional accuracy in terms of acquirable number of ground controls. Bias compensated RFM(Rational Function Model) turned out to be the best among compared approximate sensor models, both modified parallel projection and parallel-perspective model were able to be modelled with a small number of controls. Also affine transformation, one of the approximate sensor models, can be used to determine the planimetric position of high-resolution satellites and perform image registration between scenes.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.223-261
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• 2016

This study examines the experiences of 17 ex-offenders' wives who received housing support by the Korea Rehabilitation Agency using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory. In open coding, 143 concepts, 43 subcategories, and 16 categories emerged from the data. In axial coding, the causal condition were 'ambivalence of wives who encounter the husbands' release from prison', 'anxiety about the husbands' release from prison and recidivism', and 'trials and tribulations of everyday life after husbands' release from prison'. Central phenomenon was 'precarious livelihood by concealment of imprisonment'. Strategies were 'compromise with reality' and 'support husbands to reentry to the society'. Consequence was 'thanks to life via adversity' and 'the road less traveled.' In process analysis, main theme was 'process towards family resiliency after get over the stigma and family conflicts', and five phases were derived from the data and in selective coding. Based upon the research outcomes, psychological experiences of ex-offenders' wives and the needs for ex-offenders' families resiliency was discussed.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.408-416
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• 2023

The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems serves as a global standard for assessing and identifying ecosystems at high risk of biodiversity loss, providing scientific evidence necessary for effective ecosystem management and conservation policy formulation. The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems has been designated as a key indicator (A.1) for Goal A of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. The assessment of the Red List of Ecosystems discerns signs of ecosystem collapse through specific criteria: reduction in distribution (Criterion A), restricted distribution (Criterion B), environmental degradation (Criterion C), changes in biological interaction (Criterion D), and quantitative estimation of the risk of ecosystem collapse (Criterion E). Since 2014, the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems has been evaluated in over 110 countries, with more than 80% of the assessments conducted in terrestrial and inland water ecosystems, among which tropical and subtropical forests are distributed ecosystems under threat. The assessment criteria are concentrated on spatial signs (Criteria A and B), accounting for 68.8%. There are three main considerations for applying the Red List of Ecosystems assessment domestically: First, it is necessary to compile applicable terrestrial ecosystem types within the country. Second, it must be determined whether the spatial sign assessment among the Red List of Ecosystems categories can be applied to the various small-scale ecosystems found domestically. Lastly, the collection of usable time series data (50 years) for assessment must be considered. Based on these considerations, applying the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems assessment domestically would enable an accurate understanding of the current state of the country's unique ecosystem types, contributing to global efforts in ecosystem conservation and restoration.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.307-327
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• 2023

To analyze the impact of word embedding on book titles, this study utilized word embedding models (Word2vec, GloVe, fastText) to generate embedding vectors from book titles. These vectors were then used as classification features for automatic classification. The classifier utilized the k-nearest neighbors (kNN) algorithm, with the categories for automatic classification based on the DDC (Dewey Decimal Classification) main class 300 assigned by libraries to books. In the automatic classification experiment applying word embeddings to book titles, the Skip-gram architectures of Word2vec and fastText showed better results in the automatic classification performance of the kNN classifier compared to the TF-IDF features. In the optimization of various hyperparameters across the three models, the Skip-gram architecture of the fastText model demonstrated overall good performance. Specifically, better performance was observed when using hierarchical softmax and larger embedding dimensions as hyperparameters in this model. From a performance perspective, fastText can generate embeddings for substrings or subwords using the n-gram method, which has been shown to increase recall. The Skip-gram architecture of the Word2vec model generally showed good performance at low dimensions(size 300) and with small sizes of negative sampling (3 or 5).

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.244-252
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• 2023

The timeliness and accuracy of test results are crucial factors for clinicians to decide and promptly administer effective and targeted antimicrobial therapy, especially in life-threatening infections or when vital organs and functions, such as sight, are at risk. Further research is needed to refine and optimize matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based assays to obtain accurate and reliable results in the shortest time possible. MALDI-TOF MS-based bacterial identification focuses primarily on techniques for isolating and purifying pathogens from clinical samples, the expansion of spectral libraries, and the upgrading of software. As technology advances, many MALDI-based microbial identification databases and systems have been licensed and put into clinical use. Nevertheless, it is still necessary to develop MALDI-TOF MS-based antimicrobial-resistance analysis for comprehensive clinical microbiology characterization. The important applications of MALDI-TOF MS in clinical research include specific application categories, common analytes, main methods, limitations, and solutions. In order to utilize clinical microbiology laboratories, it is essential to secure expertise through education and training of clinical laboratory scientists, and database construction and experience must be maximized. In the future, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is expected to be applied in various fields through the use of more powerful databases.