• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.309-322
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was carried out to show the parental child-rearing attitudes perceived by daughters(woman college students), who were in the process of pursuit of resonable values, ethics and preparing for marriage and settling down, and another purposes were to help them to have positive attitudes toward their child-rearing in the future and set up preliminary parenting education program. Method: The subjects were 120 woman college students who were freshmen to junior in one university in Seoul. Using the self-report questionnaire, data were collected from December in 1999 to March in 2000. The contents which subjects wrote down were categorized by content analysis method. Result: 1) The age range of subjects were 19-25 years old and main rearer was mother(85.84％). 2) The perception of parent's child-rearing by subjects were revealed 555 statements and then tied together 50 themes: 'emphasizing on studying hard'(8.3％), 'doing by oneself'(5.6％), 'sternness'(5.2％), 'respect of personality'(4.5％), 'eagerness'(4.0％), 'humanity education'(4.0％), 'moderating in daily living'(4.0％), 'propriety education'(3.8％), 'sacrificing for children'(3.6％), 'expectation'(3.2％), 'concerning'(3.1％), 'parent-centered'(3.1％), 'giving a free hand'(2.9％), 'sharing with'(2.9％), 'consideration'(2.7％), 'over-protectiveness'(2.3％), 'hostile attitude' (2.2％), 'corporal punishment'(2.2％), 'expression of parental love'(2.0％), 'encouragement'(1.8％), 'family-centered' (1.8％), 'treating fairly'(1.6％), 'offering live experiences'(1.6％), 'exacting obedience'(1.62％), 'exemplary parental role' (1.6％), 'sexual discrimination'(1.6％), 'cooperation'(1.4％), 'giving favors'(1.4％), 'indifference'(1.4％), 'understanding' (1.3％), 'confidence'(1.3％), 'intimacy'(1.3％), 'pursuit of health'(1.3％), 'warm-hearted'(1.1％), 'stinginess'(1.1％),'broad-mindedness'(0.7％), 'granting'(0.7％), 'interfering'(0.7％), 'reproach'(0.7％), 'distinction of sex in household affairs'(0.7％), 'help'(0.5％), 'preparing for the future'(0.5％), 'disregarding'(0.5％), 'making environment'(0.4％), 'bringing up a child personally' (0.4％), 'comparing'(0.4％), 'religious life'(0.4％), 'good deed'(0.4％), invasion of privacy' (0.2％), 'controlling desire'(0.2％). 3) 50 themes were categorized by 18 categories once more: 'control' (13.2％), 'crazy for education'(12.3％), 'endeavoring'(8.6％), 'autonomy'(8.5％), 'home education'(7.7％), 'esteem' (6.67％), 'support'(6.67％), 'pursuit of healthy daily life'(5.6％), 'earnestness'(5.4％), 'disregarding personality'(5.4％), 'emotional bonding'(3.2％), 'imposing a burden'(3.2％). 'inhospitality'(3.1％), 'acceptance'(5％), 'discrimination'(2.3％), 'mature parenthood'(1.8％), 'strengthening family tie'(1.8％), 'psychological intimacy'(1.1％). 4) On the basis of this study, 3/5 of subjects(61.2％) perceived their parents had mature and autonomous child-rearing attitudes, and on the other hand 2/5(39.5％) of them perceived controlling, just forcing to work harder and personally disregarding attitudes. Conclusion: So we need to offer them nursing implementation such as preliminary parenting education program and parenting consulting like to strengthen positive perception and help improving in realistic, developmental child-rearing attitudes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-37
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• 1999

This study is to understand and to describe the power that a nurse experiences on nursing practice and then. to present a basic data for nurse's power-development, power improving and empowering. Ethnography was used to understand and to describe experience on exercising various powers occurred on nursing practice. and to analyze and to understand the meaning of a nurse's power. The objects was nurses. Ten nurses who have more than three year's experience were selected as objects from Cuniversity's hospital in Seoul from May of 1996 to August of 1997 through in-depth interview. participant observation, and phone interview. Instruments werw a portable recorder and field notes. I described a case appeared in a data using Agar's 'Pencil and scissors' method right after collecting materials. Then, Idescribed a theme discovered commonly. Followings are the results of the study. 1. There were three categories of relationships with main objects when nurses exercised their power on their practices: a therapeutic caring relationship with patients, a relationship of companion, vertical cooperation, and a constituent person with a doctor, and a relationship of cooperation, and a constituent person with administrative workers and medical technicians. 2. There were many types of nurse's power, tactics and various patient's responses about them. 1) Types of nurse's power to patients were giving information, controling environment, helping for cure, emotional support, and performing discretion. 2) Nurse's tatics for performing power were positive tactics neutral tactics, and negative tactics. 3) Patient's responses were appeared as compliance and noncompliance. Compliance were agreeing. taking nurse's advice, trusting, understanding, being admitted, exposuring himself, and appreciating. 3. There were types of nurse's power and performing tactics. 1) Types of power to a doctor were advice, informing, demanding and mediation. 2) Performings of tactics to a doctor were positive tactics, neutral tactics, and negative tactics. 3) Doctor's responses were appeared as accepting and unaccepting. Acceptings were taking in and appreciating, and unacceptings were denying nurse's advice and authoritative. 4. There were types of nurse's power and tactics about administrative workers and medical technicians and responses about them. 1) Types of power about administrative workers and medical technicians were suggestions and demands. 2) Power performings tactics were positive tactics.neutral tactics, and negative tactics. 3) Responses of administrative workers and medical technicians about nurse's power performing were appeared appeared as accepting and unacce pting. Acceptings were taking in, and unacceptings were denying. Therefore, it can be said that types of nurse's power and performing tactics on nursing practice and nurse's power based on responses of a patient, a doctor, an administrative worker, and a medical technicians are power or influence for agreeing, taking advice, trusting, understanding, exposuring himself, appreciating, and taking in to objects. The results of this study helped to understand nurse's power. I expect that this study will improve nure's power by using expert power, referent power, and legitimate power effectively among powers acmpanied with the origin and that nurses make ef-ort to improve professional knowledge and human nature so that they use this study as a chance to develope expert nursing practice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.51-58
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• 2004

The input-oriented project promotion system private participation in infrastructure projects currently in use in Korea has encountered difficulties in securing the primary benefits of private sector creativity problem solving and inflow of private capital. As such, the performance (or output)-oriented procurement process implemented in England and other developed countries should be evaluated for introduction. In Korea, private participation projects are currently identified as either solicited or unsolicited projects, each with different promotional procedures, the problem with these procedures is that competition is not pre-activated, the private sectors creativity is under utilized, and the rationality of project evaluations is inconsistent. Korea should, in order to raise the level of private sector creativity and efficiency, go beyond the currently applied Input Specification project promotion system to a Performance-oriented system similar to those implemented in England and other countries. To achieve this, we mate several proposals for the introduction of the performance-oriented system. We divide the main features of our proposals into three categories, including a reformed concessionaire selection system, a performance orientation in preparation of the concession agreement, and a performance orientation in contract management, and discuss each. 1'his study describes performance-oriented promotion systems in an output-focused way As this is an initial study on the introduction of performance orientation in private participation, various key points and proposals were identified. However, in the future, detailed research in technical fields and systems, legal research, and practical projects will be needed for implementation

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.87-100
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• 2012

This study is to determine the key factors of internal situational characteristics, affecting the motivation and performance for overseas expansion of Korean venture business in global markets and to investigate the moderating effect of them on the relationship between entrepreneurship and overseas expansion. To meet the research purpose, by reviewing previous researches, we categorized internal factors into four situational factors of firm size with sales growth, firm age with main product's life cycle, overseas experience and organizational structure and into three entrepreneurship sub-categories of innovativeness, pro-activeness and risk-taking. As result of the statistical analysis of 289 small and medium-sized enterprises with Korean Venture Certificate, it is verified that the motivation for globalization has been influenced by firm size, entrepreneurship, and overseas experience. On the other hand, all factors excepting firm size have positive effects on globalization performance overseas. And, it also verified that there are positive moderating effects of internal situational factors on the relationship of entrepreneurship and the performance of globalization, wheres overseas experience only plays positive moderating effects on the relationship between entrepreneurship and the motivation of globalization. On the basis of these results, we discussed and suggested practical and political issues and implications in order to vitalize globalization of Korean SMEs in the conclusion.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.377-384
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• 2012

The importance of biological resources has been gradually increasing, and mollusks have been utilized as main fishery resources in terrestrial ecosystems. But little is known about genomic and transcriptional analysis in mollusks. This is the first report on the transcriptomic profile of Meretrix lusoria. In this study, we constructed cDNA library and determined 542 of distinct EST sequences composed of 284 singletons and 95 contigs. At first, we identified 180 of EST sequences that have significant hits on protein sequences of the exclusive Mollusks database through BLASTX program and 343 of EST sequences that have significant hits on NCBI NR database. We also found that 211 of putative sequences through local BLAST (blastx, E < e-10) search against KOG database were classified into 16 functional categories. Some kinds of immune response related genes encoding allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1), B-cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1), C-type lectin A, thioester-containing protein and 26S proteasome regulatory complex were identified. To determine phylogenetic relationship, we identified partial sequences of four genes (COX1, COX2, 12S rRNA and NADH dehydrogenase) that significantly matched with the mitochondrial genomes of 3 species-Ml (Meretrix lusoria), Mp (Meretrix petechialis) and Mm (Meretrix meretrix). As a result, we found that there was a little bit of a difference between sequences of Korean isolates and other known isolates. This study will be useful to develop breeding technology and might also be helpful to establish a classification system.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.269-290
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• 2000

This study was conducted to inquire about the view on childrearing of university women for the purpose of building up the positive parent- child relationship and setting up preliminary parenting education program. The subjects were 137 university women who were freshmen to junior in one women's university in Seoul. Using the self-report questionnaire, data were collected from December in 1998 to March in 1999 and the contents which subjects wrote down were categorized by content analysis method. The results were as followed: 1. The age range of subjects were 20-22 years and main rearer was her mother(71.5%) 2. The view of subjects were revealed by 374 statements and then tied together 34 themes: 'exemplary parent model as a guider'(8.6%), 'determination for oneself' (8.0%), 'expression of love'(6.2%), 'humanity education'(4.8%), 'carrot and stick'(4.5%), 'respect of personality'(4.3%), 'sound living habit'(4.1%), 'conversation'(3.7%), 'regulation of greediness' (3.7%), 'supply of live experience'(3.7%), 'supply of broad and substantial vision'(3.5%), 'free choice'(3.5%), 'broad-mindedness'(3.5%), 'consideration'(3.0%), 'doing together'(3.0%), 'propriety education' (2.4%), 'pursuit of naturalness'(2.4%), 'looking for one's life'(2.4%), 'confidence'(2.1%), 'rearing by oneself'(2.1%), 'encouragement'(2.1%), 'cultivation of right sexual senses'(2.1%), 'desirable home environment'(1.9%), 'doing one's best'(1.9%), 'understanding'(1.6%), 'psychological intimacy'(1.6%), 'treat fair'(1.6%), 'pursuit of physical, psychological health' (1.6%), 'concerning'(1.3%), 'religious life'(1.3%), 'respect of individuality'(1.3%), 'cooperation' (1.1%), 'often-minded family'(0.8%), 'positive attitude'(0.8%). 34 themes were categorized by 12 categories once more: 'mature parenthood'(15.5%), 'acceptance' (11.5%), 'autonomy'(11.5%), 'pursuit of healthy life style'(9.4%), 'eagerness'(9.1%), 'making efforts'(8.8%), 'education'(8.8%), 'emotional bonding' (7.8%), 'respect'(7.2%), 'corporal punishment' (4.5%), 'supporting'(3.2%), 'composition of environment'(2.7%). In conclusion, we could expect that university women had a democratic view on childrearing with love and autonomy for a base. So we need to offer them nursing implementations such as preliminary parenting programs and parenting consulting in order to promote positive and interactional parent-child relationship by strengthening their desirable view on childrearing.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.217-230
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the consumer centered on-line services of Support Center for Childcare(SCC) of districts. For this purpose this study analyzed the 69 on-line services in websites of SCC. The materials used to evaluate the website services in this study were revised from Lee(2009)'s, Moon(2005)'s and Lee(2005)'s study. The evaluation categories are composed of information providing services, complaints handling services, online participation services, and usability services. The result of this study are as follows. First, in the aspect of information providing services, introduction to SCC, main business of SCC, and related website ranked high. Second, in the aspect of complaints handling services, complaint service board and complaint process notice ranked high. Third, in the aspect of online participation services, on-line application and reservation ranked high. Fourth, in the aspect of usability services, integrated searching, site map, and personal information protection ranked high. The results of this study showed that websites of SCC of districts tried to various services to communicate the consumers. Also the results of this study revealed the contents and problem of websites of SCC, and implied the more systematic and efficient services of SCC.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.105-114
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• 2020

In this paper, we address security issues in 5G non-public networks for industrial applications. In contrast to public networks that offer mobile network services to the general public, 5G non-public networks provide 5G network services to a clearly defined user organization or groups of organizations, and they are deployed on the organization's defined premises, such as a campus or a factory. The main goal of this paper is to derive security threats and potential security requirements in the case that 5G non-public networks are built for discrete and process industries according to the four deployment models of 5G-ACIA (5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation). In order to clarify the scope of this paper, we express the security toolbox to be applied to 5G non-public networks in the form of the defense in depth concept. Security issues related to general 5G mobile communication services are not within the scope of this paper. We then derive the security issues to consider when applying the 5G-ACIA deployment models to the industrial domain. The security issues are divided into three categories, and they are described in the order of overview, security threats, and potential security requirements.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.38
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• pp.57-82
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the industrial security policies in Germany and to look for the implication for the development of korean industrial security. Due to highly developed economy and industrial technology, Germany has become the main stage for the industrial espionage for a long time. In Germany industrial espionage is classified into two categories; Economy-espionage and Competition-espionage. While economy-espionage is related to the Espionage of foreign intelligence agencies, Competition-espionage means the act of espionage, that is implemented by the private sector. When it comes to economy-espionage, prevention of economy-espionage is the duty of the State, because it threat the national interest. Otherwise, the private sector has to take the responsibility of prevention of competition-espionage. It goes without saying that, the state has to investigate the crime, when espionage happens. But Prevention is more important than investigation in this regard. For the realization of Public-Private-Partnership, the private sector should be the genuine counterpart of the Public through the sharing responsibility of industrial-espionage prevention. Another talking point this paper suggest, is the national ethic in connection with economy-espionage. The State could be not only a actor of espionage prevention, but also a perpetrator. The economy-espionage for the purpose of national interest would not be justified, unless it has nothing to do with national security.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.97-118
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to clarify the definition of middle age, to compare the different perspectives about mid-life crisis, and to identify the variables that cause the mid-life crisis of men and women.. For this purpose reviewing literatures and emprical research were conducted. For the emprical research, Mid-life Crisis Scale, Mid-life Indentity Scale, Family Relation Scale. Health Scale and Religious Scale were developed. The Sample was selected form the men and women living in Seoul, whose age is from 40 to 59 , and whose last child is older than 13 years of age. Among 820 respondents 218 men and 442 women were finally selected as datum sources. The data were analyzed by the statistical method such as the factor analysis frequency distribution, percentile, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and regression analysis. The main results were as follows; 1) Men and women experience mid-life crisis some extent. The mid-life crisis score for men is 33.60 and 35.0 for women. This implies women reveal significantly higher crisis than men. As for women's mid-life crisis. self-awaring age, education, income, husband's occupation, employment status of wife and occupational status of wife have a significant influence Expecially employment status of wife seemed to interact with sex, husband's occupation and educational level of wife. however status of child, family pattern, son's existence are not as important an influence on mid-life crisis. 3) Among the psychological variables, work identity and physical identity have the strong influence on the mid-life crisis of men and women, It implies that mid-life crisis si lower when one has higher work identity and physical identity. 4) Mid -life crisis of men and women is influenced significantly according to family relation variables and health variables. It reveals that the better one's family relations and health sate, the lower one's mid-life crisis is. However menopause and the years after menopause do not influence on the mid-life crisis of women. 5) Mid-life crisis of women differs significantly according to the kind of religion and religious activity. That is mid-life crisis of women is lower when she believes in Protestantism and Catholicism and participate in more religious activity. Mid-life crisis of men is not significantly influenced by religious variables. After all among the five categories of variables that related to mid-life crisis, psychological variables-especially work identity and physical identity are observed to have the strongest degree of significance.