• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.8-16
• /
• 2013

We consider a problem of presort and loading of commercial bulk mails in a mailing service. Here, presort is the process by which a mailer prepares mail so that it is sorted to at least the finest extent required by the mailing service provider for the (discounted) price claimed. The problem is formulated as a special type of transportation problem. To solve industrial-sized problems, we develop an efficient heuristic algorithm and perform experimental tests on randomly generated problem instances. Results of the tests show that mailers can save mailing cost much more when they use small-sized mail trays with less frequent mailings. Also, large-sized mailers can obtain much more cost saving than small-sized mailers. In addition, cost saving effect is influenced by delivery area distribution of mails and fluctuation of mailing demand.

• 대한산업공학회지
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.215-222
• /
• 2014

This paper provides a real-time loading strategy for batch processing machines in which a number of jobs are simultaneously processed as a batch. The batch processing machines can be seen in both manufacturing industries (e.g., semiconductor, automobile and metal working) and service industries (transportation vehicles, mail shipment and theme park). This paper focuses on batch processing machines in semiconductor manufacturing. We present a look-ahead loading strategy for tardiness minimization where future arrivals and due dates are taken into consideration. Simulation tests are performed on the presented strategy and some existing loading heuristics under various production settings with different traffic intensities and forecasting errors. Experimental results show that our strategy provides the performance of good quality.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.109-115
• /
• 2016

This study examined the effects of safety-aisle on the safety climate, safety leadership, safety behavior, work loading and perceived accident risk in the small sawmilling industry. We distributed a questionnaire that measured various demographic variables, safety related variables by mail to 200 sawmilling companies. Finally 59 managers' and 129 workers' questionnaires were used for data analysis. An independent t-test was conducted to identify significant mean differences of safety related variables between safety-aisle installed and non-installed companies. Results indicated that mean differences of safety climate and safety behavior between safety-aisle installed and non-installed companies were significant. However, mean differences of safety leadership, work loading and perceived risk were not significant at the p < .05 level. Based on these results, the implications of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.112-121
• /
• 2008

Nowaday the supply chain competitiveness is emphasized more and more than a company's own competitiveness. One of the most important processes in import and export is a publication over the Bill of Loading. In the publication of those bills S/R(shipping request) and check B/L for reviewing are circulated among consignors, forwarders, shipping companies and airlines by fax and e-mail. Or there should be expensive a One to One system, like an EDI. Each party has to re-input S/R data to their own systems and check it several times. The S/R data are converted digital to analog type and analog to digital repeatedly to check in the process. As the process goes by there can be not only input data errors but also waste of time and cost. ECR(electronic character recognition) is a technology can solve the Problem. Considering the data structure of documents in many systems used ECR samples SIR data from documents written in the digital type. But it is not enough with it only. To make N to N composition in reality more efficient we make a documents hub on the web reengineering the existing process to One to One relation. The ECR documents hub system has given us beneficial effects over a year throughout a field test.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.564-575
• /
• 2005

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of shopping orientation on fashion shopping mall environments and purchase intention in internet fashion shopping mall. Data were obtained from 423 internet fashion shopping mall consumers who have experiences of buying products or visiting to internet fashion shopping mall in Busan, and were analyzed using by factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, cluster analysis, ANOVA and Duncan test. The results showed shopping orientation perceived by Internet fashion shopping mall consumers were consisted five factors: Brand loyalty orientation, Economical orientation, Fashion orientation, Time saving orientation and Internet shopping orientation. Internet fashion shopping mall environments were composed of Visual information, Loading speed, Space composition, Product assortment, Checkout service, and Help desk. Consumers were classified by the shopping orientation into the Economical shopper, Fashion/brand shopper, and Convenience shopper. Economical shopper and Fashion/brand shopper rise in the estimation of Visual information, Product assortment, and Checkout service of shopping mall environment. Additionally, they were likely to have more intentions to purchase than the other types of shoppers in internet fashion shopping mall.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제43권7호
• /
• pp.117-128
• /
• 2005

The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the conceptual structure of shopping value, fashion shopping mall attributes and emotions related to internet shopping, 2) to compare between hedonic consumers and utility consumers of fashion shopping mall attributes, emotions and purchasing intention and 3) to investigate the effects of shopping value, fashion shopping mall attributes, emotions and purchasing intention on purchasing behavior in internet fashion shopping malls. Data were obtained from 423 internet fashion shopping mall consumers who have bought products or visited an internet fashion shopping mall. The data were analyzed by using factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, t-test and discriminant analysis. The results showed that shopping values perceived by internet fashion shopping mall consumers consisted of two factors: Hedonic value and Utility value. Internet fashion shopping mall attributes were composed of Visual information, Loading speed, Space composition, Product assortment, Checkout service and Help desk. Emotions were composed of Excitement Confidence, Displeasure and Uneasiness. There results demonstrated that hedonic consumers were more likely to perceive the factors of fashion shopping mail attributes, to experience various, emotions and to have more purchasing intention than utility consumers. Additionally, the findings suggest that shopping value is important in predicting the purchasing behavior of consumers' at internet fashion shopping malls. They gave insights into the promotion development of internet fashion shopping malls. Implications are drawn for the information useful to consumer behavior researchers and retailers of internet fashion shopping malls.

• 한국항만경제학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.167-192
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 항해용선계약상 목적지표시의 원칙과 그 운용에 대해 Merida호 사건을 중심으로 분석하는 것에 목적이 있다. 선박이 항에 있거나 용선자의 자유재량으로 선박의 도착이 즉각적 또는 효과적으로 용선자의 이용에 맡길 수 있는 선석으로 즉각 도달하거나 또는 그와 같은 위치에 있는 선박은 도착선이 된다. 선박이 용선계약의 조건에 의해 화물을 선적 또는 양하할 의무가 있는 장소에서 지연이 발생한 경우 선박이 선석 또는 항에 있는지의 여부에 불구하고 특정 목적지의 식별표시는 화물의 선적 또는 양하함에 있어 지연에 의해 발생한 손해사고에 대해 영향을 미친다. Merida호 사건은 2009년 4월 20일 용선자가 2명의 저명한 중재인의 최종중재재정에 대해 상소한 사안이다. 2007년 2월 5일 본선 Merida호에 대해 용선자와 선박소유자 간에 체결한 항해용선계약은 Berth Charter이기 보다는 Port Charter이었다. 선주와 용선자 간에 이 차이에 대한 기본적인 관련성은 선적항과 양륙항에서 선박혼잡에 의해 발생한 지연위험의 분담이다. 이 상소에서 제기된 법적 쟁점으로서 중재인이 이 용선계약은 Port Charter이며 Berth Charter가 아니라는 판정을 내릴 수 있는 권리가 있는지 여부이었다. 중재인은 용선자가 하역준비완료통지서의 유효성에 대해서는 논쟁하지 않았다는 것을 판정하면서 따라서 본 용선계약은 Port Charter라고 판정하였다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.172-178
• /
• 1999

목적 : 국내 방사선치료에 대한 전국현황의 통계를 1997년을 중심으로 한 병원 별 진료 장비, 인력 현황을 조사하고 그에 대한 연간 신환자수의 분포를 검토하여 그 결과를 선진국의 예와 비교함으로써 현재의 국내 방사선치료의 진료 수준을 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1998년에 치료방사선과가 있는 전국의 42개 병원을 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 통계자료는 1997년 1월부터 12월까지 총 1년으로 하였고 통계처리는 마이크로소프트사의 Excel 프로그램을 이용하였다. 결과 : 1997년에 국내에서 42개의 병원이 71대의 외부 방사선치료장치, 100명의 치료방사선과 전문의, 26명의 의학 물리학자, 205명의 방사선사가 있었고 연간 19,773명의 신환을 치료하였다. 전국 42개 병원의 89$\%$,는 최소한 6 MeV 이상의 선형가속기를 보유하였고 95$\%$는 모의 조사장치를 소유한 반면 $5\%$는 모의 조사장치를 가지고 있지 않았다. 컴퓨터 치료계획을 할 수 있는 장비를 소유한 병원은 $91\%$였고, $83\%$는 정도관리 지침서를 가지고 있다고 응답하였다. 병원별 치료방사선과 의사가 단지 1명인 병원이 36%이었으며 의학 물리학자가 없는 곳이 38$\%$였다. 한 병원당년간 환자수 분포의 중앙값은 348명, 기계당 환자수의 중앙값은 263명, 방사선종양학과 전문의당 환자수의 중앙값은 171명, 방사선사당 환자수의 중앙값은 81명, 기계당 방사선사의 중앙값은 3명이다. 결론 : 국내의 치료방사선과를 보유한 병원의 수, 방사선치료를 받는 환자수 및 치료장비수는 일본 및 미국과 비교하여 인구비례로 계산해 볼때 매우 적은 편이다. 치료장비면에서는 선형가속기, 모의 조사장치, 컴퓨터 치료계획 시스템의 수준이 미국과 비교하여 크게 차이가 없었다. 의사, 방사선사에 대한 환자수의 부하(loading)는 미국과 비교하여 큰 차이는 없었다. 그러나 인력면에서 의학물리학자가 없는 병원의 수가 상당히 많은 관계로 이의 보완을 위해서 미국과 같은 part time 제도의 운영도 해 볼 수 있을 것이다.