• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.21-29
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• 2008

Objectives: To determine the standards for discrimination of Magnoliae Cortex, the experiment of specific external-internal characters and the physicochemical pattern analysis were performed. Methods: External characteristics was observed using a stereoscope. Paraffin-mediated sectioned materials were stained by Ju's method. Physicochemical patterns of materials were analyzed using HPLC. Results: 1. Botanical characteristics: Magnolia officinalis had one seed and a white flower, while M. obovata had two seeds and a white flower. Machilus thunbergii had berry and spherical fruits and yellowish green panicles. 2. External characteristics: M. officinalis and M obovata were dark and thick. M. officinalis was gray brown and greasy while M. obovata was light-gray, less oily and smoothly sectioned. Machilus thunbergii was thin and relatively light or yellow-brown, coarsely sectioned and faintly specific scents. 3. Internal characteristics: The bast parts of M. officinalis and M. obovata were commonly wider than Machilus thunbergii The cork cortex of M. officinalis was $10{\sim}mg/L$ cell layers with many oil cells, while that of M. obovata was $4{\sim}7$ cell layers with less oil cells. Machilus thunbergii's xylem which consisted of ring-shaped cambium at 1st and 2nd part was occupied in large portion. 4. Physicochemical pattern: Both M. officinalis and M. obovata involved honokiol and magnolol. All kinds of M. officinalis involved Magnatriol B but one kind of M. ovobata and all of Machilus thunbergii didn't. Machilus thunbergii showed different pattern of chromatogram from that of 2 species above. Conclusions: These results could be used as standards for discrimination of Magnoliae Cortex and as the method of objectification in medicinal herbs giving the basic resource for bioactivity research.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.117-122
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• 2014

As a Chinese herbal medicine used in East Asia for thousands years, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis (CMO) was observed to possess a protective effect against OH-induced DNA damage in the study. To explore the mechanism, the antioxidant effects and chemical contents of five CMO extracts were determined by various methods. On the basis of mechanistic analysis, and correlation analysis between antioxidant effects & chemical contents, it can be concluded that CMO exhibits a protective effect against OH-induced DNA damage, and the effect can be attributed to the existence of phenolic compounds, especially magnolol and honokiol. They exert the protective effect via antioxidant mechanism which may be mediated via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and/or sequential electron proton transfer (SEPT). In the process, the phenolic-OH moiety in phenylpropanoids is oxidized to the stable quinine-like form and the stability of quinine-like can be ultimately responsible for the antioxidant.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.407-413
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• 1997

Magnolol and honokiol, the main components of Magnoliae Cortex, were isolated and used as the standard substances for the analysis. In order to determine the contents of magnolol and honokiol in Magnoliae Cortex originated from Korea, China and Japan, both HPLC and HPTLC methods are applied and compared with each other. The components were separated on C8 column with acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (50:50:1) in HPLC and detected at UV 294nm. The components separated on HPTLC precoated silica gel plate with chloroform-methanol (9:1) were detected directly on the plate at 254nm. The contents of magnolol and honokiol in Magnoliae Cortex were in the wide range of 0.01~2.8% and 0.005~0.8%, respectively, according to their purchase places. It is also applicable to the quality control of various preparation from Magnoliae Cortex.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 1986

It has been known that Magnolia officinalis, Magnolia and Machilus Barks are reputed to be effective in 'Hagi', 'Sanman' and to be analgesic but there was differences of efficacy of these crude drugs against the kinds and habitates. For this reason, this study was conducted to compare the acute toxicities, analgesic effects and motilities of isolated intestine. This results obtained in this work were summarized as follow: 1. In the test of acute toxicies, Machilus bark was found to be more toxic than the others. 2. Both these was found to have analgesic effect. 3. In the effects against the motility of isolated intestine, Magnolia officinalis and Magnolia barks were found to be relaxant, Machilus bark was found to be contractive. From these results, Magnolia officinalis and Magnolia barks might have analgesic effect and relaxant effect of intestine.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.70-83
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of single and combined applications of the bark of the stems and roots of Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. (Magnoliae Cortex) and Zea mays L. (maize) to modulate inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Methods: RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with P. gingivalis, and Magnoliae Cortex and/or maize was added. Cytotoxicity and the capacity to modulate inflammation were determined with a methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay, nitrite production, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blotting. Results: Treatment with Magnoliae Cortex and/or maize inhibited nuclear transcription factor ${\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) pathway activation and nuclear p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression in P. gingivalis-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, the treatments suppressed cytokines (prostaglandin $E_2$ [$PGE_2$], interleukin $[IL]-1{\beta}$, and IL-6) and nitrite production. Conclusions: Both Magnoliae Cortex and maize exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on P. gingivalis-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and this effect was more pronounced when the extracts were combined. These findings show that these extracts may be beneficial for slowing the progression of periodontal disease.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.75-81
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• 2011

Objectives : Magnoliae officinalis Cortex (MOC) has been used in traditional medicine for digestive diseases in Korea, China and Japan. However, Machili thunbergii Cortex (MTC) also has been used as a substitute of MOC in Korea sometimes. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate and compare the effects of MOC and MTC on intestinal motility of isolated small intestinal segments from ICR mouse. Methods : Changes in motility were recorded via isometric transducers connected to a data acquisition system and amplitude, frequency and area under the curve (AUC) of intestinal spontaneous phasic contraction were compared. Results : The MOC extracts ($1{\sim}{\mu}g/mL$) dose-dependently decreased both amplitudes and frequencies of the spontaneous phasic contraction, but not AUC. However, high concentration of MOC (100 ${\mu}g$/mL) evoked tonic contraction. And it was not inhibited by tetrodotoxin, a sodium channel blocker, and nifedipine, a L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel antagonist. These results suggested that MOC (100 ${\mu}g$/mL)-induced tonic contraction is not mediated by nerve or L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel. On the other hand, the MTC extracts dose-dependently inhibited amplitude and AUC, but not the frequency. Conclusions : Although both MOC and MTC affected intestinal motility, MOC is more effective on intestinal motility than MTC. And MOC has been used as a traditional medicine for a long time but not MTC. Thus, we suggested that MTC should not be used in Korea as a substitute of MOC and MOC might be useful traditional medicine for gastrointestinal disease. The mechanism of MOC is still remained to elucidate.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.952-957
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• 2003

To certify the protective effect of herbal medicine against oxygen free radical-induced myocardiotoxicity, cytotoxicity was measured using LDH activity and TBARS assay in the presence of Jisilhaebaekgyejitang(JHGT) extracts or single constituents of this prescription, In the present study, xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine (XO/HX) resulted in a cell damage such as increases in LDH activity in culture medium and lipid peroxidation in cultured myocardial cells. In the effect of JHGT extract and its single constituents, which are Fructus Ponciri Seu Aurantii Immaturus (FPSAI), Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis (CMO), Bulbus Allii Macrostemi (BAM), Ramulus Cinnamomi (RC) and Fructus Trichosanthis (FT), they showed the prevention from the XO/HX-induced cardiotoxicity by the decrease of LDH activity and lipid peroxidation. From these results, they show that XO/HX is cardiotoxic in cultured myocardial cells derived from neonatal rat, and it suggests that JHGT, FPSAI, PT, CMO, BAM, RC and FT extracts are positively effective in the blocking in XO/HX-induced cardiotoxicity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 2021

Flos magnoliae (FM), the dry flower buds of Magnolia officinalis or its related species, is a traditional herbal medicine commonly used in Asia for symptomatic relief of and treating allergic rhinitis, headache, and sinusitis. Although several studies have reported the effects of FM on store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) via the ORAI1 channel, which is essential during intracellular calcium signaling cascade generation for T cell activation and mast cell degranulation, the effects of its isolated constituents on SOCE remain unidentified. Therefore, we investigated which of the five major constituents of 30% ethanoic FM (vanillic acid, tiliroside, eudesmin, magnolin, and fargesin) inhibit SOCE and their physiological effects on immune cells. The conventional whole-cell patch clamp results showed that fargesin, magnolin, and eudesmin significantly inhibited SOCE and thus human primary CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation, as well as allergen-induced histamine release in mast cells. Among them, fargesin demonstrated the most potent inhibitory effects not only on ORAI1 (IC50 = 12.46 ± 1.300 μM) but also on T-cell proliferation (by 87.74% ± 1.835%) and mast cell degranulation (by 20.11% ± 5.366%) at 100 μM. Our findings suggest that fargesin can be a promising candidate for the development of therapeutic drugs to treat allergic diseases.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2010

To develop natural therapeutic agents for acne vulgaris, we investigated antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of various medicinal plant extracts. Among candidate extracts, we selected Psoralea corylifolia L. extract (AC-1) and Magnoliae officinalis extract (AC-2) which showed the relatively high antibacterial effects, and Inula helenium L. extract (ACF-1) and Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum extract (ACF-2) which showed the relatively high anti-inflammatory effects for further investigations. All of them did not show cytotoxic effects below the concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. The antibacterial effects of AC-1, AC-2 and extract complex (AC) against P. acnes were 2.8, 2.5 and 3.2 times higher than that of 10 % salicylic acid respectively. And the antibacterial effect of AC-2 and extract complex against S. aureus were 1.4 and 1.5 times higher than that of 10 % methylparaben respectively. Also, it was shown that ACF-1, ACF-2 and extract complex had anti-inflammatory effects. All of them exhibited inhibitory effects for the secretion of IL-8 and TNF-$\alpha$ from THP-1 cells activated by heat-killed P. acnes. They reduced about 27 %, 38 %, 44 % of IL-8 secretion and 90 %, 88 %, 90 % of TNF-$\alpha$ secretion at concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$ respectively. These results showed that the complex of medicinal plant extracts, AC-1. AC-2, ACF-1, and ACF-2, had therapeutic effects to acne vulgaris through antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we suggest that extract complex of AC-1, AC-2, ACF-1 and ACF-2 may be used as a useful agent for development of natural cosmetics which have therapeutic effects to acne vulgaris.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.16-35
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• 2013

Objectives : Proposed a formula analysis standard about the individual formula which is to be put in the specific discussions in order to increase the effect of formula education at the college of Korean medicine. Methods : Examined the ingredient combination analysis written in Agastache Powder to Rectify the Ki which was put in the 27kinds of formula science book published in both Korea and China. Results : Must analyze the formula according to the existing formula. The combination of the ingredients should be analyzed into herb pairs such as seven different combinations. The effect and disease for which medicine is efficacious, should be analyzed and tabulated by Agastache Powder to Rectify the Ki. The formula should be anlayzed and schematized by the sytem of Chief, Deputy, Assistant and Envoy. The basic formula should be analyzed and schematized by the combination of formula, adding and removing the ingredients. Analyzing Agastache Powder to Rectify the Ki into the system of Chief, Deputy, Assistant and Envoy shows the following: chief herb is Agastaches Herba; deputy herb is Perillae Folium and Angelicae dahuricae Radix; assistant herb is Pinelliae Rhizoma preparatum, Magnoliae officinalis Cortex, Citri reticulatae Pericarpium, Arecae Pericarpium, Platycodi Radix, Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma, Poria, and envoy herb is Glycyrrhizae Radix preparata, Zingiberis Rhizoma recens, Jujubae Fructus. Conclusions : In conclusion, it is believed that the formula education at colleges of Korean medicine would be effectively achieved if it is processed according to the standardized formula analysis and its rule about individual formula that is to be decided.