• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.271-279
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• 2010

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by systemic inflammation through production of inflammatory mediators and signaling abnormalities between T- and B- cells, leading to autoantibody production and multiorgan injuries. This study was investigated whether bamboo culm extract (BC) attenuates development of lupus systemic inflammation in the early stage in pristane-induced lupus mice. The pristane-induced lupus mice were administrated with BC 0.5 ml/kg or PBS and healthy mice with PBS orally once a day for 14 days. Our results showed that BC remarkably attenuated levels of serum TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-$\gamma$, $PGE_2$, and VEGF, production of macrophages IL-6 and $PGE_2$ and expression of macrophages IL-6 and COX-2 mRNA in the presence or absence of LPS in pristane-induced lupus mice. Also, BC remarkably reduced expression of CD40L on the splenic T cells and CD80 on the splenic B cells and upregulated the reduced apoptosis of splenic T cells and CD4+ T cells in pristane-induced lupus mice. Therefore, these findings suggest that BC may attenuate early development of lupus systemic inflammation via downregulation of inflammatory mediators and amelioration of abnormal signaling between T cells and B cells.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.295-300
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• 2016

Flavonoids are widely reported to be beneficial to human health. Among flavonoids, in general, flavonoid aglycons have better biological activities than flavonoid glycosides, in that aglycons can easily penetrate through cell membrane because of their low polarity. Therefore, kaempferol, quercetin and various their glycosides were evaluated for their abilities to inhibit NO and $PGE_2$ productions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Of these flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, kaempferol-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside(kp-7-glu) which possesses a glycoside at C-7 position of the A ring in kaempferol, potently inhibited NO, $PGE_2$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 productions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 2017

A sesquiterpene was purified from Artemisia iwayomogi methanolic extract during the course of searching anti-inflammatory principle from medicinal plants. A sesquiterpene identified as armefolin inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and attenuated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein level in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Armefolin also down-regulated mRNA expressions of iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-$1{\beta}$ and interleukin-6 in LPS-activated macrophages. Moreover, armefolin suppressed the degradation of inhibitory-${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ (I-${\kappa}B{\alpha}$) in LPS-activated macrophages. These data suggest that armefolin from A. iwayomogi can suppress the LPS-induced production of NO and the expression of iNOS gene through inhibiting the degradation of I-${\kappa}B{\alpha}$. Taken together, armefolin from A. iwayomogi might be a candidate as promising anti-inflammatory agent.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2000

To assess the relationship between the changes of cellular components and the production of Th 1 cytokine in the immune tissue, inbred C57BL/6 mice were orally infected with 40 cysts of 76K strain of Toxoplosma gondii. The sequential change of cell differentials and $IFN-{\gamma}$ production of splenocytes were analyzed by Diff-Quik stain and RT-PCR. There were no significant proportional changes of cellular components of splenocytes until day 4 postinfection (Pl) as compared to those of day 0, and the relative percentage of macrophages and neutrophils/eosinophils increased significantly (p<0.01) thereafter. The expression of $IFN-{\gamma}$ mRNA of $CD3^{-}$ cells was observed from day 1 Pl at a low level. However, $IFN-{\gamma}$ production of $CD3^{+}$ cells increased significantly from day 4 Pl (p<0.01) which progressively increased thereafter. These findings provide the relative percentages of granulocytes and macrophages were increased in conjunction with increase of total number of splenocytes after oral infection with T. gondii in the susceptible murine hosts, and lymphocytes were the major cellular components and the important source of $IFN-{\gamma}$.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.231-236
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• 2008

The current work was designed to assess novel pharmacological activities of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HD), a major phenolic constituent of various natural products of plant origin, such as Gastrodia elata Blume. HD exhibited a significant inhibition in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis. HD also displayed an inhibitory effect in acetic acid-induced permeability in mice. Anti-nociceptive activity of HD was convinced using the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. HD was able to suppress production of nitric oxide (NO) and induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. HD also diminished the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level elevated in the LPS-activated macrophages. In brief, HD exhibits anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities possibly via down-regulating iNOS and/or COX-2, which may be partly responsible for pharmacological efficacies of various natural products.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.177-177
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• 1996

Taurine Chloramine (Tau-Cl) inhibits production of nitric oxide(NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) in activated peritoneal macrophages, similar In that previously reported for activated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the effect of Tau-Cl and taurine on superoxide anion (O$\_$2/$\^$-/) Production in murine peritoneal exudate polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was examined. Tau-Cl inhibited O$\_$2/$\^$-/ production in a manner that was dose-dependent and reversible, Taurine also inhibited O$\_$2/$\^$-/ production by stimulated PMN, but at higher concentrations and to a lesser extent than Tau-Cl. The effects of taurine on O$\_$2/$\^$-/ production was attributed to the in vitro formation of Tau-Cl catalyzed by PMN associated halide-dependent myeloperoxidase. In contrast, production of NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ by activated peritoneal exudate macrophages was inhibited by Tau-Cl while taurine was without effect. These data lend support to the notion that Tau-Cl may participate ill the inflammatory responses by modulating production of inflammatory mediators.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 2002

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer widely used in the manufacturing polycarbonate plastics or epoxy resin, and xenobiotics recently known as endocrine disrupting chemical. In this paper, to assess the effects of bisphenol A on immunopathological parameters (body weight, organ weight, hematological parameters, cellularity and surface marker) in mice, ICR female mice were orally exposed to BPA dissolved in olive oil as concentrations of 100, 500, 1000 ㎎/㎏/day b.w. 5 days a week for 30 days (subacute exposure). Liver - and kidney weight was significantly increased as dose-dependent manner, but body- , spleen- and thymus- weight didn't changed. In hematological parameters, WBC and MCHC were lowered but HCT and MCV were siginificantly enhanced. There was no significant differences in peritoneal macrophages number of the mice exposed to BPA. However, number of splenocytes of spleen, CD3/sup +/ and CD4/sup +/ cell in splenocytes, CD4/sup +/ and CD8/sup +/ cell in thymocytes were decreased at the mice subacutely exposed to BPA. In addition, BPA decreased expression of B7-1 and B7-2 on macrophages. Therefore, these results showed BPA may affect hematological parameters, cellularity and surface marker of immunocytes.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2012

Protopine is an isoquinoline alkaloid contained in plants in northeast Asia. In this study, we investigated whether protopine derived from Hypecoum erectum L could suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in murine macrophages (Raw 264.7 cells). Protopine was found to reduce nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production by LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells, without a cytotoxic effect. Pre-treatment of Raw 264.7 cells with protopine reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These inhibitory effects were caused by blocking phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) and also blocking activation of a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-${\kappa}B$).

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.354-362
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• 2011

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by abnormalities in T cell immunoregulation and hyperreactivity of B cells, leading to autoantibody production and multiorgan injuries. We investigated the effect of baicalin on aberrant immunoregulation in pristane-induced lupus mice. Mice received i.p. a single injection of 0.5 ml of pristane or PBS, and approximately 3 months later, were used as a pristane-induced lupus model or healthy controls. The pristane-induced lupus mice and healthy mice were randomly divided into three groups: healthy mouse group (healthy control), pristane-primed lupus control group (lupus control), and baicalin (BAC)-treated pristane-primed lupus mouse group (BAC-treated lupus). The pristane-induced lupus mice and healthy mice were administrated orally with BAC 50 mg/kg or PBS once in a day for 10 ds. These results demonstrated that levels of serum IL-6, LPS-induced production of IL-6, $PGE_2$ and NO by macrophages, $PGE_2$-stimulated production of IL-6 by macrophages and IFN-${\gamma}$ by thymocytes, and an overexpression of splenic NKT cells and CD69+CD4+ T cells were downregulated in BAC-treated lupus compared to lupus control, while reduced apoptosis of splenic CD4+ T cells were upregulated. Therefore, these findings suggest that BAC may attenuate autoimmunity and disease activity in lupus via downregulation of aberrant activation of T cells and inhibition of overproduction of IL-6 and $PGE_2$ in pristane-induced lupus mice.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.244-251
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• 2020

This study investigated therapeutic candidates with anti-inflammatory potential among traditional dietary ingredients targeting inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both Avena sativa and traditional fermented products, such as Korean soy paste, are popular health foods. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of soy paste combined with A. sativa (KDA), compared with soy paste without A. sativa (KD) by evaluating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 mouse macrophages and HT-29 human colon epithelial cells. KDA significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. In another in vitro experiment involving LPS-stimulated HT-29 cells, KDA suppressed the levels of IL-8, which is the chemokine elevated in IBD. In addition, KDA exhibited anti-oxidative properties, such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. Our findings revealed that A. sativa combined with soy paste exhibits a synergistic anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect following fermentation. These results suggest that KDA may be used as a potential anti-inflammatory therapy against IBD.