• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.307-313
• /
• 1998

Dimethyl dimethoxy biphenylate (DDB) is an agent used to treat hepatits. DDB-S (DDB-soluble), a new DDB derivative, was synthsized to increase water solubility of the original DDB. In the present study, the antigenic potential of DDB-S was examined by active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA), passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and passive hemagglutination (PHA) tests. The experimental groups consist of a low dosage group, a high dosage group, he group emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA, ASA test) or an alum (PCA and PHA tests) and the macromolecule conjugate group emulsified with FCA or an alum. In the ASA test, all experimental groups showed negative responses whereas the positive control group given ovalbumin plus FCA showed severe anaphylactic responses. In the heterologous PCA test using mice and rats, positive responses were not detected in any of the experimental groups. In the PHA test, all experimental groups showed negative responses whereas the positive control group given ovalbumin plus an alum showed 512~2048 PHA titers. These results demonstrated that DDB-S does not have any antigenic potential. These can be utilized as a part of preclinical data for the development of DDB-S as an intravenous injection.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.22-28
• /
• 1968

Chlorella ellipsoidea cells were cultured in an iron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum or boron-free medium. Biosynthetic activities of nucleic acids, protein and phospholipid in chlorella cells, which were growing in a microelement deficient medium were compared with those of the normal cells by measuring the contents of phosphate, amino acids or UV-absorbing substances in the various cell fractions. When the algae were grown in a molybdenum-free medium, the amounts of phosphate in the acid-soluble fraction of the cells increased, whereas the amounts of alkali-stable protein and RNA decreased compared with the normal cells showing that the synthesis of protein and RNA from the early products of photosynthesis was inhibited. When the algae were grown in a boron-free medium, amounts of alkali-labile protein and phospholipid of the cells decreased, while the amount of phosphate in acid-soluble fraction increased compared with the normal cells showing that the biosynthesis of protein and phospholipid from the early products of photosynthesis was retarded. In general, amounts of protein and RNA in the microelement deficient cells significantly decreased compared with those of the normal cells. Phosphate content in the acid-soluble fraction of the algal cell grown in an zinc, copper, molybdenum, or boron-free medium increased considerably, whereas that of the algal cell grown in an iron or manganese-free medium decreased remarkably compared with that of the control. It is considered, therefore, that molybdenum, zinc, copper and boron etc. play an important role in the biosyntbesis of macromolecule from acid-soluble phosphate compounds, in contrast to the principal action of iron and manganese on the photosynthetic process itself.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.191-196
• /
• 2000

the present study was carried out to develop a completely defined culture system and determine if high NaCl concentrations in defined (PVA added) or semi-defined (BSA added) medium is toxic to bovine embryos. Oocytes from slaughterhouse ovaries were matured and fertilized in vitro. After 30 h of insemination, only 2-cell stage embryos were selected and cultured for this experiment. The culture media used were as follows : TLP(114 mM of NaCl) + BSA (3 mg/ml), TLP + PVA (1 mg/ml), mTLP(96 mM of NaCl) + BSA, mTLP + PVA. Six to ten embryos were placed into a 30$\mu$1 drop of each medium and the embryos were examined at 10 day post-insemination without medium renewal. The experiment was replicated 4 times. All data were analyzed by chi-square. There were no significant differences among TLP-BSA, mTLP-BSA and mTLP-PVA in blastocyst development (21.6, 17.2 and 20.2%), respectively. Also, no differences were obtained in hatching rates (11.7, 9.9 and 12.2%), respecitively. However, there were significant differences between TLP-PVA (1.7% and 0.6%) and other group in blastocyst formation and hatching rates, respectively (p<0.01). Development of in vitro produced embryos cultured in BSA containing medium was not affected by high NaCl concentration, but in the completely defined medium, embryonic development was highly affected by NaCl. This study shows that reduced NaCl concentration in completely defined medium is beneficial for development of bovine pre-implantation embryos in vitro.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.110-115
• /
• 2017

이 연구는 상변화 물질(저온 PCM)을 포함한 경량 콘크리트의 기계적 성능을 검토하기 위해 수행되었다. Micro capsulised PCM은 wax type core와 melamine based wall으로 구성되어있다. 또한, 단일 종류의 PCM의 경우, Vermiculite에 파라핀 왁스를 삽입하고 그 표면을 멜라민 수지로 코팅 하였다. 계면 중합은 1-dodecanol(핵심 물질)과 물(용매) 사이의 표면에서 중합반응이 일어나 벽 물질을 형성한다는 원리에 기반한다. 경량 콘크리트는 10 MPa의 압축 강도, 1.5 MPa의 인장 강도 및 1.0 kg/L의 절건 밀도를 가지며 10 %, 20 % 또는 30 %의 PCM을 포함하고 있다. 이를 위해 예비 배합으로 경량 기포 콘크리트($1.0kg/m^3$)를 제조 한 후 1-dodecanol 및 멜라민의 PCM 마이크로 캡슐과 혼합하여 그 물성을 조사하였다.

• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2009

유구의 지속성과 안정성을 높이기 위하여, 저점도 Epoxy인 SE-101의 토양의 입자 크기와 수분 함량에 따른 침투성과 전단 강도를 측정하였으며, 이 결과들을 이용하여 SE-101의 사용법을 최적화하고자 하였다. 점도 데이터로부터 충분히 예상되었듯이, 입자의 크기가 증가할수록 침투도는 증가하였으나, 전단 강도는 감소하였으며 특히, 고분자의 불균일한 경화 속도와 내부 무기 첨가제에 따라서 침투도의 편차가 심하여 질 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 토양 내의 수분 함량이 증가할수록, 침투도와 전단 강도의 편차가 매우 심하여져서 동일 시편 내에서도 매우 취약한 부분이 생성되고, 유구 이전 중의 파손 현상 발생도 예측할 수 있어 이전재의 침투 깊이의 50% 이상은 건조된 상태에서 사용하는 것이 필요한 것으로 보인다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제31권12호
• /
• pp.3593-3599
• /
• 2010

In an original effort, this lab attempted to employ polystyrene nanoparticles as a template for the synthesis of ordered and highly porous macroporous $SiO_2$ thin films, utilizing their high combustion temperature and narrow size distribution. However, polystyrene nanoparticle thin films were not obtained due to the low interaction between individual particles and between the particle and silicon substrate. However, polystyrene-polyacrylic acid (PS-AA) colloidal particles of a core-shell structure were synthesized by a one-pot miniemulsion polymerization approach, with hydrophilic polyacrylic acid tails on the particle surface that improved interaction between individual particles and between the particle and silicon substrate. The PS-AA thin films were spin-coated in the thickness ranges from monolayer to approximately $1.0\;{\mu}m$. Using the PS-AA thin films as sacrificial templates, macroporous $SiO_2$ thin films were successfully synthesized by vapor deposition or conventional solution sol-gel infiltration methods. Inspection with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed that the macroporous $SiO_2$ thin films consist of interconnected air balls (~100 nm). Typical macroporous $SiO_2$ thin films showed ultralow refractive indices ranging from 1.098 to 1.138 at 633 nm, according to the infiltration conditions, which were confirmed by spectroscopy ellipsometry (SE) measurements. This research shows how the synthetic control of the macromolecule such as hydrophilic polystyrene nanopaticles and silicate sol precursors innovates the optical properties and processabilities for actual applications.

• 접착 및 계면
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 2011

식물성 고분자인 대두단백질을 기반으로 하는 환경친화성 고분자 신소재에 관한 연구를 위해 가소제(1,3-propandiol, glycerol) 및 가교제(glutaraldehyde, epichlorohydrin, glyoxal, urea)에 의한 대두단백질 수지의 열적 특성을 TGA를 이용하여 분석하였고, 기계적 특성 분석과 SEM을 통하여 파단면을 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 가소제인 1,3-propandiol과 glycerol을 SPI (대두단백질)에 첨가함으로써 수지의 유연성이 증가하였고, 1,3-propandiol에 비하여 glycerol의 가소화 효과가 상대적으로 크게 나타났으며, 가교제인 glycerol, epichlorohydrin, glyoxal의 적용으로 첨가량이 증가할수록 대두단백질 수지의 강도와 열안정성이 증가하는 반면, urea의 경우, 대두단백과의 가교가 용이하지 않아 열안정성이 오히려 낮아지고, 강도가 감소함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.173-184
• /
• 2003

2000년 3월부터 11월까지 부산항으로 수입된 목재류에서 검출된 나무좀과(Scolytidae), 긴나무좀과(Platypodidae), 개나무좀과(Bostrichldae), 가루나무좀과(Lyctidae)의 종류 및 검출된 기주와 수입국을 조사하여 국내 유입의 가능성이 있는 해충을 파악하는 한편, 이들 해충의 국내 유입을 차단하기 위한 자료로 활용 하고자 본 조사를 실시하였다. 부산항의 수입재에서 검출된 나무좀과, 긴나무좀과, 개나무좀과, 가루나무좀과는 총 23속 52종이었으며, 검출된 수입재는 15개 국에서 수입한 13과 19종의 원목, 제재목, 기타 등이었다. 나무좀과에서는 3아과 16속 35종이 검출되었다. Xyleborus속에서 12종, Ips속에서 6종, Trpodendron속에서 3종, Arixyleborus속에서 2종, 그 외 Alniphagus속 등에서 12속에서 각각 1종씩 검출되었다. 검출된 수종은 말레이시아를 비롯한 11개국에서 수입한 13속 16종이었으며, 남양재인 말레이시아산 나왕류에서 2속 13종의 가장 많은 종이 검출되었다. 긴나무좀과는 Platypus cupulatus, P. curtus 등 1아과 1속9종이 채집되었다. 검출된 수종은 호주, 파푸아 뉴기니아 등 6개국에서 수입한 4속6종이었고, 말레이시아산 나왕류에서 6종이 검출되었다. 개나무좀과는 2아과4속5종이 검출되었다. Herernbostrychus aequalis, Dinoderus bifoveoratus 등이 검출되었다. 검출된 수종은 말레이시아, 엘살바도르등 4개국에서 수입한 4속 6종이었으며 말레이시아산 나왕류에서 4종이 검출되었다. 가루나무좀과는 Trogoxylon sp., Minthea rugicoliis, Minthea sp. 등 2속 3종이 검출되었다. 검출된 수종은 필리핀 등을 비롯한 3개 국에서 수입한 2속 3종이었다.an으로 강한 $T_2$ 대조도를 갖는 128x128의 고해상도 EPI 영상을 얻을 수 있었다. 결론 : 제안한 Half Fourier기법을 이용하여 기존의 $64{\times}64$ 영상보다 해상도를 높인 $128{\times}128$ EPI영상을 single scan으로 얻을수 있었으며, 에코의 적절한 배치를 통해 임상에서 널리 사용되는 $T_2$ 대조도를 얻을 수 있었다. 제안한 방법은 특별한 하드웨어의 추가 없이, 펄스 시퀀스와 tuning 및 재구성 알고리즘 등의 소프트웨어적인 방법만으로 구현이 가능하여 많은 임상 응용이 기대된다.체 실험을 통하여 확인하였다.les, ranged from 0.02 to 40 MHz, and dominated by contribution from bound pool, which is bound to macromolecule regardless of binding ratios. In addition, as more Gd-chelate bound to macromolecule, sharp increase of relaxivity at higher field occurs. The NMRD profiles for different values of τS show the enormous increase of low field profile whereas relaxivity at high field is not affected by τS. On the other hand, the change in τV does not affect low field profile but strongly in fluences on both inflection fie이 and the maximum relaxivity value. The results

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.253-260
• /
• 2007

Objectives : Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is characterized by breakdown of blood vessels within the brain parenchyma. Fundamental therapeutic strategies for ICH, particularly those aimed at neuroprotection, have to be established. So in this experiment, the effects of Woowhangchongshim-won, a traditional prescription formula for treating Cerebral Apoplexy in Asian countries, were investigated. Methods : After intraperitoneal injection of chloralhydrate, rats were placed in a stereotaxic frame. ICH was induced by injection of 1 U collagenase type IV and drug was administered orally for 10 days. The molecular profile of cerebral hemorrhage in rat brain tissue was measured using micro array technique to identify up- or down- regulated genes in brain tissue. These genes induced by brain damage were mainly concerned with general metabolic process such as primary metabolic process, cellular metabolic process, macromolecule metabolic process, and biosynthetic process. Results : The number of genes increased in control and not-changed in experiment was 374, and decreased in control and not-changed in experiment was 527. We are concerned with genes that can be recovered by treatment with medicine, it is especially interesting to above types of genes. Conclusions : Upon medicine treatment to the rat having cerebral hemorrhage, expressions of some genes were restored to normal level. Further analysis using protein interaction database identified some key molecules that can be used for elucidation of therapeutical mechanism of medicine in future.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.143-151
• /
• 2010

Pluripotency of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) is one of the most valuable ability of hESCs for applying cell therapy field, but also showing side effect, for example teratoma formation. When transplant multipotent stem cell, such as mesnchymal stem cell (MSC) which retains similar differentiation ability, they do not form teratoma in vivo, but there exist limitation of cellular source supply. Accordingly, differentiation of hESC into MSC will be promising cellular source with strong points of both hESC and MSC line. In this study, we described the derivation of MSC like cell population from feeder free cultured hESC (hESC-MSC) using direct differentiation system. Cells population, hESC-MSC and bone marrow derived MSC (BM-MSC) retained similar characteristics in vitro, such as morphology, MSC specific marker expression and differentiation capacity. At the point of differentiation of both cell populations, differentiation rate was slower in hESC-MSC than BM-MSC. As these reason, to verify differentially expressed molecular condition of both cell population which bring out different differentiation rate, we compare the molecular condition of hESC-MSC and BM-MSC using 2-D proteomic analysis tool. In the proteomic analysis, we identified 49 differentially expressed proteins in hESC-MSC and BM-MSC, and they involved in different biological process such as positive regulation of molecular function, biological process, cellular metabolic process, nitrogen compound metabolic process, macromolecule metabolic process, metabolic process, molecular function, and positive regulation of molecular function and regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle, cellular response to stress, and RNA localization. As the related function of differentially expressed proteins, we sought to these proteins were key regulators which contribute to their differentiation rate, developmental process and cell proliferation. Our results suggest that the expressions of these proteins between the hESC-MSC and BM-MSC, could give to us further evidence for hESC differentiation into the mesenchymal stem cell is associated with a differentiation factor. As the initial step to understand fundamental difference of hESC-MSC and BM-MSC, we sought to investigate different protein expression profile. And the grafting of hESC differentiation into MSC and their comparative proteomic analysis will be positively contribute to cell therapy without cellular source limitation, also with exact background of their molecular condition.