• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.137-142
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• 2011

Purpose: In relation to perinatal healthcare, medical institutions and resources are limitative and also are in a state of flux due to the therapeutic specialty. We analyzed requests for interhospital transfers received by Busan 1339 Emergency Medical Information Center (EMIC) to grasp the state of perinatal healthcare delivery system. Methods: This study was conducted on the basis of data inputted into the computing system of Busan 1339 EMIC, between January 1 and December 31, 2009. In connection with 378 pregnant women and 136 newborns who were required to transfer, retrospective analyses were made of the success rate of transfer (SR), the number of contacted hospitals, the time required for transfer and the reason of transfer and refusal. Results: In the case of pregnant women, the SR were 65.5%. They came in contact with 2.7 hospitals, and it took 24.4 minutes. As for the reason of transfer, preterm labor accounted for the highest proportion. In the case of newborns, the SR were 71.3%. They came in contact with 2.4 hospitals, and it took 15.6 minutes. The most common reason of transfer were respiratory symptoms. In the reason of refusal with pregnant women and newborn, the lack of medical staff, medical equipments and wards accounted for great. Conclusion: Many pregnant women and newborns have been transferred to hospitals by EMIC, but the SR has not been higher yet. Accordingly, there is a need to evaluate the propriety of perinatal treatment system, as well as to set up effective perinatal healthcare delivery system.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.745-750
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• 2006

Purpose : Enteroviruses are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis in patients of all ages. A definite diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis can be established by detection of virus directly in CSF specimens. But this is time-consuming and lacks sensitivity, so polymerase chain reaction(PCR) detecting of viral RNA in patient specimens such as CSF, stool has been demonstrated. But little is known about the influence of sampling time on the results of CSF PCR and stool PCR. We investigated diagnostic utility of PCR of CSF and stool according to sampling time after the onset of symptoms. Methods : PCR results were analyzed according to sampling time for 42 patients diagnosed aseptic meningits in our hospital from $11^{th}$ January to $30^{th}$ August, 2005. Results : The diagnostic yield of the test was higher of CSF specimens obtained ${\leq_-}2$ days after clinical onset(positive PCR results 9/18, 50 percent), compared with CSF collected >2 days after onset(positive PCR results 1/24, 4.2 percent)(P=0.001). Instead, positive PCR results of fecal specimens maintained highly(average 90.5 percent), 10 cases had also positive PCR results even 5-6 days after onset. 10 cases of CSF specimens had positive enterovirus PCR results containing coxsackievirus B5 (n=6), coxsackievirus B3(n=3). 38 cases of stool specimens had positive enterovirus PCR results containing echovirus 18(n=7), echovirus 9(n=3), coxsackievirus B5(n=8), coxsackievirus B3(n=3). 6 cases(coxackie B5) had positive CSF PCR and stool PCR, both. Conclusion : Stool PCR was clinically sensitive for detecting enterovirus during enteroviral meningits and could give a presumptive diagnosis throughout the disease course. A definite diagnosis was obtained by CSF PCR, but its utility was clearly lower for samples obtained >2 days after clinical onset. Therefore, it is recommended that, in addition to performance of CSF PCR, fecal samples obtained from patients with suspected enteroviral meningitis should be tested by PCR, especially when the duration of symptoms is >2 days.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2010

Purpose : With improved survival of extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI), there is an increase in the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) requiring laparotomy, and the risk of morbidity and mortality in these ELBWI is increased. Thus, we determined the prognostic factors in ELBWI who underwent laparotomy for NEC. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 35 ELBWI who underwent laparotomy for NEC from January 2001 to December 2008 at Samsung Medical Center. Results : Of 480 ELBWI, 35 required laparotomy for NEC; the mortality rate was 20% (Alive group n=28, Dead group n=7). The values of preoperative score for neonatal acute physiology-II (P =0.022) and fraction of inspired oxygen (P <0.001) were significantly higher in the dead group and values of base excess (P =0.004) were significantly lower in the dead group. Values of preoperative heart rate, respiration rate, mean blood pressure, pH, $CO_2$, and potassium ion were not significantly different between the study groups. Intraoperative fluid volume was significantly higher in the alive group than in the dead group (P =0.045). Postoperative infusion rate was significantly lower in the alive group than in the dead group (P =0.022). Conclusion : Good preoperative condition, more intraoperative fluid infusion, and stable postoperative hemodynamic condition were factors associated with favorable prognosis of laparotomy for NEC in ELBWI.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.593-598
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• 1996

The large number of past investigation on extended myocardial protection clearly indicates that cold potassium cardioplegia and topical cooling have limited capabilities. Accordingly, more recent experimen- tal approaches have focused on the modalities of reperfusion and their implication on postischemic myo- cardial recovery. Oxygen may play a crucial role in the development of ischemic and reperfusion injury. Reactive oxygen radicals may be produced during ischemia or reperfusion after incomplete reduction of molecular oxygen or from other pathway and then induce fatal injury of the heart. The important obser- vation of oxygen-induced myocardial damage during reperfusion has led to the concept of applying oxy- gen free radical scavengers. So, this study is on dietary vitamin C supplementation as antioxidant in rats to determine whether or not they have a higher tolerance against cardiac ischemia-reperf'usion injury under Langendorff system. Male or female Sprague-Dawley rats (190-33Og) were randomly separated into two groups. Group A was not treated(n=10). Group B received vitamin C supplement (n=10). Experiment was performed 24 hours after vitamin C 200mg fed orally as injectable ascorbic acid. There were significant differences in contractile parameters between control and vitamin C-treated group. The RLVP (r te of post/preischemic left ventricular pressure) and Rdp/dt (rate of post/preischemic dp/dt) were significant statistically between two groups (p<0.05). But, RHR (rate of post/preischemic heart rate), time to first beat and sta'utilization were not significant. In conclusion, pretreatment with the antioxidant, ascorbic acid, was found to preserve left ventricular contractile function. But the precise mechanism of action of ascorbic acid has not as yet been determined, so further study will be required.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the incidence, causative pathogens, risk factors and mortality for early onset sepsis in the first three days in very low birth weight infants. Methods: The medical records of 1,124 very low birth weight infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Samsung Medical Center between November 1994 and December 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The incidence, causative pathogens, risk factors, and mortality for early onset sepsis in the first 3 days of life in very low birth weight infants were evaluated. Results: Early onset sepsis, as confirmed by positive blood cultures, was present in 17 of 1,124 infants (1.5%). Sixty-four percent of the isolated pathogens were gram-positive bacteria and 35% of the isolated pathogens were gram-negative bacteria. The dominant pathogens of early onset sepsis included Staphylococcus aureus (23.5%), Esherichia coli (23.5%), and Enterococcus (17.6%). Vaginal delivery (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-10.3; P=0.01) was associated with early onset sepsis. The overall mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.4-6.5; adjusted P=0.0039) and mortality within 72 hours of life (adjusted hazard ratio, 6.5; 95% CI, 2.2-18.9; adjusted P=0.0005) of infants with early onset sepsis were higher than that of uninfected infants. Conclusion: Early onset sepsis remains an uncommon, but potentially lethal problem among very low birth weight infants. Knowledge of the likely causative organisms and risk factors for early onset sepsis can aid in instituting prompt and appropriate therapy, in order to minimize mortality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.240-251
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• 2002

This study is to describe practices of and attitude toward traditional wedding food and the attitude of housewives toward the traditional wedding food in Busan metropolitan and Kyungnam province area. Data were analyzed from the convenient sample of 525 housewives collected from September 20 to September 28, 2001. As for the necessity of traditional wedding food, the most popular food was ebagee food, pebaek food, yedan food in order. Of the various kinds of traditional wedding food, table setting for parent-in-law was chosen as the most popular one. Sociodemographic characteristics such as education level and age were statistically associated with perception of traditional wedding food being necessary as a ritual thing. The respondents preferred rice cakes as wedding food to fishes, fruits, traditional sweets and skewered slices of seasoned meats. More than half of the respondents think current practices of wedding food is prodigal and has to be done in thrifty manner. As a ritual practices of wedding food were to be readjusted to the change of social custom depending on the degree of modernization. More than half (52.1%) of the housewives expected traditional wedding food should fade away. A conclusion was that it is necessary to develop modernized wedding food reflecting traditional wedding customs with economic costs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.510-518
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• 2003

Protective effects of natural components including genistein (4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone) from Glycine max MERRILL on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. Genistein $(10{\sim}100\;{\mu}m)$ suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration-dependent manner, and was more effective than the lipid peroxidation chain blocker, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (Vit. E). Glycoside of genistein, genistin, the water-soluble antioxidant, L-ascorbate, and the iron chelator, myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid dodecasodium salt (sodium phytate) did not exhibit protective effect against photohemolysis. L-Ascorbate and sodium phytate stimulated photohemolysis at high concentration $(500\;{\mu}m)$. ${\alpha}$-Carotene 3,3'-diol (lutein), a singlet oxygen $(^1O_2)$ quencher, exhibited pronounced protective effect, an indication that $^1O_2$ is important in photohemolysis sensitized by rose-bengal. Reactive oxygen scavenging activities $(OSC_{50})$ of natural antioxidants including genistein on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay were in the order of sodium phytate > L-ascorbate > ${\alpha}$-tocopherol > genistein > genistin. $OSC_{50}$ value of genistein, genistin, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, L-ascorbate, and sodium phytate were 41.0, 109.0, 9.0, 5.2, and $0.56{\mu}m$ respectively. The order of free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity $(FSC_{50})$ was L-ascorbate > ${\alpha}$-tocopherol > genistein > genistin. These results indicate that genistein can function as an antioxidant in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to solar UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and to protect cellular membranes against ROS.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.329-338
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• 2010

Objective: This study was carried out to know whether cryopreservation of sibling 2PN zygotes could increase the cumulative delivery rates in the patients who had less than 10 fertilized zygotes. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 138 in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles with less than 10 fertilized zygotes during January 2003 to December 2007 in Cheil General Hospital. These cycles were divided into two groups. In Group I (n=86), all fertilized embryos were cultured to transfer on day 3 without cryopreserved embryos at the 2PN stage. In Group II (n=52), among fertilized zygotes, some sibling zygotes were frozen at the 2PN stage, the remainder were cultured to transfer. Clinical outcomes in fresh ET cycles and cumulative ongoing pregnancy rates after subsequent frozen-thawed (FT)-ET cycles were compared. Results: There were no significant differences in female mean age, number of retrieved oocytes and total fertilized embryos between two groups, Number of cultured embryos was significantly lower in Group II ($5.2{\pm}0.5$) than in Group I ($8.4{\pm}0.7$) (p<0.01). Also, number of transferred embryos was significantly lower in Group II ($3.3{\pm}0.6$) compared with Group I ($3.6{\pm}0.6$) (p<0.01). ${\beta}$-hCG positive rates and delivery rates (51.2 vs. 46.2 % and 41.9 vs. 34.6 %, respectively) after fresh ET were slightly higher in Group I than in Group II. However, the differences were not statistically significant. Also, the cumulative delivery rates after subsequent FT-ET cycles were not significantly different between Group I (48.8%) and Group II (50.0%). Conclusion: This study showed that cryopreservation of sibling 2PN zygotes from patients who had less than 10 zygotes in the fresh ET cycles did not increase cumulative delivery outcomes. But, it could provide an alternative choice for patients due to offering more chance for embryo transfers if pregnancy was failed in fresh IVF-ET cycles.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.898-907
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• 2017

This study was aimed to test harvest time effect with polyethylene (PE) film liner, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) treatments on fruit quality attributes in 'Sangjudungsi' persimmon fruit during cold storage. The fruits were harvested 10 days earlier in 2016 than the mature harvest time in 2015. The ethylene production was significantly lower in early harvested fruits than in mature harvested ones. Flesh firmness was maintained higher in 1-MCP treated fruit than in other treatments during cold storage. The rate of fruit weight loss was significantly inhibited by PE film liner treatment during storage, regardless of harvest time. 1-MCP treatment showed less change in fruit peel color variables ($L^*$ and $b^*$) from the calyx-end and equatorial regions during cold storage, compared with those from the control and PE film treatments. The incidence rate of fruit decay and softening was higher in PE film treated fruits than in the other treatments. However, there was no decay detected in AVG treated fruit. The early harvested fruits were maintained higher flesh firmness, compared with mature harvested fruits. Nevertheless, the mature harvested fruits showed much higher soluble solids content, the redness (Hunter a value) of the fruit peel and respiration rate, compared with early harvested fruits. Furthermore, the rate of weight loss in the fruit was remarkably inhibited in the PE film treatment.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.890-898
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to investigate potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of Tenebrio molitor. Macrophage cell response by outside stimulation leads expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), $interleukin-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$), and trigger expression of genes which are affected by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), resulting in formation of inflammatory factors like nitric oxide (NO) and Prostaglandin $E_2$ (PGE2). Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. In order to investigate anti-inflammatory agents, the inhibitory effects on the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO in RAW 264.7 cells were examined. T. Molitor significantly decreased the production of NO in a dose-dependent manner, and also reduced the expression of iNOS, a COX-2 protein. As a result, the levels of protein such as $PGE_2$, iNOS, COX-2 and MARKs were significantly reduced compared to non-treated group in T. Molitor water extract (TDW) treated group. Also, antioxidant effect of T. Molitor were investigated using DPPH, ABTS+ and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity tests in cell-free system. Antioxidant activity of T. molitor was found low in the DPPH radical scavenging test while high in the ABTS+ and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity tests. These results show that TDW could be an effective anti-pro-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent.