• 호남수학학술지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.643-659
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• 2016

In this paper, we investigate some new results in MV-algebras and (strong) hyper MV-algebras. We show that for any infinite countable set M, we can construct an MV-algebra and a strong hyper MV-algebra on M. Specially, for any infinite totally bounded set, we can construct a strong hyper MV-algebra on it. Then by considering the concept of fundamental relation on hyper MV-algebras, we define the notion of fundamental MV-algebra and prove that any MV-algebra is a fundamental MV-algebra. In practical, we show that any infinite countable MV-algebra is a fundamental MV-algebra of itself, but it is not correct for finite MV-algebras.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.537-545
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• 2010

The notions of (weak) hyper MV-deductive systems and (weak) implicative hyper MV-deductive systems are introduced, and several properties are investigated. Relations among hyper MV-deductive systems, weak hyper MV-deductive systems, implicative hyper MV-deductive systems and weak implicative hyper MV-deductive systems are discussed. A characterization of a hyper MV-deductive system is provided. A condition for a weak hyper MV-deductive system to be a weak implicative hyper MV-deductive system is given.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2003

Turnip mosaic Potyvirus (TuMV) and Ribgrass mosaic Tobamovirus (RMV) are major viruses infecting crucifer crops in Korea. RMV-FG22 was isolated from oriental cabbage. TuMV isolates were TuMV-CA7 from oriental cabbage, TuMV-TU and TuMV-TU2 from turnip, TuMV-RA from rape, TuMV-ST from stock, and TuMV-R9 from radish. The six isolates of TuMV were classified by symptom expression in inbred lines of crucifers. TuMV-CA7 and TuMV-TU isolates infected mostly oriental cabbages; TuMV-ST, TuMV-TU2, and TuMV-R9 infected radishes; and TuMV-RA infected both oriental cabbages and radishes. Crops used in six combinations of mixed infections were 'Tambok' cultivar resistant to TuMV,'SSD63' susceptible inbred line of oriental cabbage, pure line of leaf mustard, and‘Daeburyungyeorum’cultivar of radish. External symptoms in 'Tambok' and radish by each of the six single infections of TuMV showed similar results by bioassay. Synergistic response of necrotic death occurred within 1 week after inoculation in all combinations mixed with TuMV and RMV-FG22 on leaf mustard. In oriental cabbage 'SSD63' , synergism of necrosis occurred in four TuMV isolates, but not in TuMV-ST and TuMV-R9. In oriental cabbage 'Tambok' , synergism was expressed only in two combinations of RMV-FG22+TuMV-CA7 and RMV-FG22+TuV-TU, but other combinations had the same symptoms produced by RM-FG22. In radish‘Daeburyungyeorum’, only mild mosaic symptoms were induced by combinations of RMV-FG22+TuMV-CA7, RMV-FG22+TuMV-TU, RMV-FG22+TuMV-RA, and RMV-FG22+TuMV-R9. Mosaic and severe mosaic were induced in combinations of RMV-FG22 +TuMV-TU2 and RMV-FG22+TuMV-ST, respectively.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2003

Six isolates of Turnip mosaic Potyvirus (TuMV) namely, TuMV-CA7 from oriental cabbage, TuMV-TU and TuMV-TU2 from turnip, TuMV-RA from rape, TUMV-ST from stock, and TuMV-R9 from radish, and Ribgrass mosaic Tobamovirus (RMV-FG22) from oriental cabbage were isolated. Three kinds of characteristics of the six TuMV isolates were sorted by bioassay: TuMV-CA7 and TuMV-TU isolates infected mostly oriental cabbages; TuMV-ST, TuMV-TU2, and TuMV-R9 infected radishes; and TuMV-RA infected both oriental cabbages and radishes. Mixed infections of crucifers were RMV-FG22+TuMV-CA7, RMV-FG22+TuMV-TU, RMV-FG22+TuMV-RA, RMV-FG22+TuMV-ST, RMV-FG22 +TuMV-TU2 and RMV-FG22+TuMV-R9. Crops used were 'Tambok' cultivar resistant to TuMV, 'SSD63' susceptible inbred line of oriental cabbage, pure line of leaf mustard and 'Daeburyungyeorum' cultivar of radish. New specific ultrastructures of nonagon-like ring (NLR) and spiral aggregates (SA) by mixed infection with TuMV and RMV were formed in cells of crucifer plants. The NLR was made by a TuMV surrounded loosely by nine RMV particles, and the SA was formed spirally by full mixed of two virus particles. The SA had some NLR in its center, which was observed from cross sectioned SA. Host plants with specific ultrastructures expressed synergistic symptoms. Specific ultrastructures of NLR and SA were formed in combinations of RMV-FG22 and in TuMV-CA7, TuMV-TU, or TuMV-RA that could infect oriental cabbages. How-ever, no specific ultrastructures and mixing of the two virions in the same cell were observed in combinations of RMV-FG22, and TuMV-57, TuMV-TU2, or TuMV-R9 isolates haying virulence in radishes.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.169-182
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• 2011

The notions of bipolar fuzzy hyper MV-subalgebras, (weak) bipolar fuzzy hyper MV-deductive system and precisely weak bipolar fuzzy hyper MV-deductive system are introduced, and their relations are investigated. Characterizations of bipolar fuzzy hyper MV-subalgebras and weak bipolar fuzzy hyper MV-deductive systems are provided.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.345-353
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 다양한 방법으로 제조한 참외식초의 이화학적 특성과 항산화 작용, 알코올 대사 효소 활성 및 RAW 264.7 세포에서의 항염증 활성에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 각기 다른 방법으로 제조한 참외식초의 총 산도는 MV-1은 4.00%, MV-2는 4.32%, MV-3은 4.35%로 나타났다. 유기산 측정결과 MV-1은 malic acid (58.37 mg/ml), MV-2 (46.95 mg/ml)와 MV-3 (66.70 mg/ml)는 acetic acid가 가장 높게 나타났다. 참외식초의 총 페놀 함량은 MV-3에서 $129.74{\mu}g$ TAE/ml로 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 참외식초의 DPPH radical 소거능은 농도 의존적으로 증가하였으며(p<0.05), MV-3 40% 농도에서 89.28%로 가장 높게 나타났다. SOD 활성은 농도 의존적으로 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 60% 농도에서의 MV-1와 MV-2 및 MV-3는 각각 40.84%, 52.17%, 72.55%로 나타났다(p<0.05). 참외식초의 ADH 및 ALDH 활성은 농도의존적으로 증가하였으며, 60% 농도에서의 ADH 활성은 MV-1에서 136.58%로 가장 높게 나타났고, ALDH 활성은 MV-2에서 100.25%로 나타났다. 아질산염 소거능 분석에서는 pH 1.2에서 MV-1, MV-2, MV-3 각각 81.58%와 94.72% 및 87.75%로 나타났다. 참외식초의 항염증 활성 측정을 위하여 LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 cell의 NO 합성을 측정한 결과, 1%에서 농도에서 MV-1, MV-2, MV-3의 NO 합성은 각각 25.93%와 10.01% 및 79.75% 감소하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과와 같이 참외 꼭지를 포함하여 0.5 cm두께로 슬라이스한 참외와 찹쌀고두밥 및 누룩을 이용하여 전통적인 방법으로 제조한 MV-3는 항산화 및 항염증 활성이 높은것으로 나타났기에 기능성 건강음료로서의 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단된다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2015

2014년 전국 무 포장의 바이러스병 발생양상과 분포조사를 실시하였다. 바이러스 병징을 나타내는 108개 시료 중 47개 시료는 TuMV가 진단되었으며 RaMV는 3개, CMV는 2개 시료에서 각각 진단되었다. TuMV와 RaMV, RaMV와 CMV의 복합감염은 나타나지 않았으나 TuMV와 CMV의 복합감염이 2개 시료에서 진단되었다. N. benthamiana에 대한 TuMV 병원성 테스트 결과, 병징의 세기에 따라 세 개의 분리주를 나누었으며 외피단백질의 아미노산 서열 분석을 통하여 약한 병징을 나타내는 분리주 R007, 강한 병징을 나타내는 분리주 R041, R065를 선발하여 계통수 분석에 이용하였다. TuMV 계통수분석과 BLAST 검색결과 TuMV 분리주 3개와 기 보고된 분리주들 간의 외피단백질 아미노산 서열은 약 98-99%의 상동성을 나타내었으며, RaMV의 외피단백질의 경우 99%의 상동성을 나타내었고, CMV의 외피 단백질은 국내 기 보고된 분리주(GenBank : GU327363)와 동일하였다. TuMV 계통수에서 R007과 R041, R065는 서로 다른 그룹에 속하였으며 그룹간의 차이는 바이러스의 기주 선호도와 관련이 있을 것이라 예상하며 추후 TuMV의 병원성 결정인자 연구에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.481-489
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• 2005

We first show that any complete MV-algebra whose Boolean subalgebra of idempotent elements is atomic, called a complete MV-algebra with atomic center, is isomorphic to a product of unit interval MV-algebra 1's and finite linearly ordered MV-algebras of A(m)-type $(m{\in}{\mathbb{Z}}^+)$. Secondly, for a semi-simple MV-algebra A, we introduce a completion ${\delta}(A)$ of A which is a complete, MV-algebra with atomic center. Under their intrinsic topologies $(see\;{\S}3)$ A is densely embedded into ${\delta}(A)$. Moreover, ${\delta}(A)$ has the extension universal property so that complete MV-algebras with atomic centers are epireflective in semi-simple MV-algebras

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2012

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of common three photon energies (6-MV, 10-MV, and 15-MV) on intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans to treat prostate cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with prostate cancer treated locally to 81.0 Gy were retrospectively studied. 6-MV, 10-MV, and 15-MV IMRT plans for each patient were generated using suitable planning objectives, dose constraints, and 8-field setting. The plans were analyzed in terms of dose-volume histogram for the target coverage, dose conformity, organs at risk (OAR) sparing, and normal tissue integral dose. Results: Regardless of the energies chosen at the plans, the target coverage, conformity, and homogeneity of the plans were similar. However, there was a significant dose increase in rectal wall and femoral heads for 6-MV compared to those for 10-MV and 15-MV. The $V_{20Gy}$ of rectal wall with 6-MV, 10-MV, and 15-MV were 95.6%, 88.4%, and 89.4% while the mean dose to femoral heads were 31.7, 25.9, and 26.3 Gy, respectively. Integral doses to the normal tissues in higher energy (10-MV and 15-MV) plans were reduced by about 7%. Overall, integral doses in mid and low dose regions in 6-MV plans were increased by up to 13%. Conclusion: In this study, 10-MV prostate IMRT plans showed better OAR sparing and less integral doses than the 6-MV. The biological and clinical significance of this finding remains to be determined afterward, considering neutron dose contribution.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 최신형 선형가속기 TrueBeam을 대상으로 10 MV FF mode와 FFF mode간 광중성자의 발생량을 평가하였고, FFF mode에서 10 MV, 15 MV 에너지 변화에 따라 발생되는 광중성자의 발생량을 평가하였다. 발생된 광중성자는 13개 측정점에서 평가하였으며, 발생된 광중성자 수집을 위해서는 한국천문연구원에서 개발한 조직등가비례계수기(KTEPC)를 이용하였다. 10 MV FF mode와 FFF mode 간 측정결과에서 10 MV FF mode가 모든 측정 점에서 높게 측정되었으며, Superior 방향에서 0.455 mSv와 0.152 mSv로 가장 많은 차이를 보였으며, FF에서 33% 이상 많은 광중성자가 발생하였다. FFF mode에서 10 MV, 15 MV 에너지에 따라서는 15 MV에서 모든 방향에서 높게 평가되었고, 방향 기준으로는 Superior 방향에서 0.402 mSv로 가장 높게 평가되었으며, 전체 평균 6.9%로 높게 측정되었다.