• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2004

Purpose : The purpose of this article is to summarize the characteristics of isotonic combination. Method : Some studies of the motor unit activation patterns during isometric, concentric, and eccentric actions, neural strategies in the control of muscle force, and concentric versus combined concentric-eccentric training were reviewed. Results & Conclusions : Eccentric torque may be relatively higher than concentric torque for two potential reasons: 1) stretch responses in the antagonist are not elicited to restrain the motion as can occur concentrically and 2) stretch responses in the agonist may augment eccentric torque production. Concentric-eccentric training has a greater influence on functional capacity than that of concentric training. Both maximal force and average force throughout the motion were significantly higher when the dynamic action was started with preactivation as compared to the mode without preactivation. The peak torques observed during the concentric phase of the eccentric-concentric muscle actions were higher than those noted in the pure concentric contraction.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.272-280
• /
• 1983

With respect to controversial opinions concerning the nitroglycerin effects on cardiac muscle the direct nitroglycerin actions were thoroughly studied in isolated papillary muscles, atrial preparations and coronary strips of rabbits. Isometric active tension of papillary muscles developed at $35^{\circ}C$ upon electric stimulation at a rate of 60/min, was not affected by nitroglycerin up to a concentration of 10mg/L Higher concentrations of nitroglycerin, however, reduced action tension progressively. This depression of mechanical activity is accompanied by a decrease in oxygen consumption as measured by means of a flow respirometer. Resting oxygen uptake, on the other hand, remained unchanged. Similarly active tension of spontaneously beating atrial preparations also declined at a nitroglycerin concentration of more than 10 mg/L, whereas the sinus frequency did not change up to 40 mg/L. In contrast, rabbit coronary strips are much more sensitive to nitroglycerin and relax in a range of 10-100 ug/L of nitroglycerin concentration. The results indicate that the pharmacologic effects of nitroglycerin in coronary disease are due to vascular actions, because the plasma levels of nitroglycerin attainable in human therapy are not sufficiently high to directly influence the myocardium.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.521-540
• /
• 1995

To elucidate the effects of Chokyungsan and Chunkeunchokyungtang, after oral administration of Chokyungsan and Chunkeunchokyungtang water extract in mice and rats, acute toxicity, analgesic, sedative, esoogenic actions, action on isolated uterine muscle were measured. The rlesults obtained were as follows: 1. The yield of water extract of Chokyungsan and Chunkeunchokyungtang was 24.5%, 32.2%, minimum lethal dose was 4,000mg/kg, which rarely had the acute toxicity in mice and rats. 2. The analgesic effects of Chokyungsan and Chunkeunchokyungtang by acetic acid induced writhing syndrome in mice were not remarkaely observed. 3. The relaxant action of Chokyungsan on on oxytocin induced contracted uterine muscle in estrogenized rats were not remarkably observed, but Chunkeunchokyungtang were remarked. 4. The sedative effects of Chokyungsan and Chunkeunchokyungtang by hexobabital sodium induced sleeping time in mice. 5. administration of Chokyungsan and Chunkeunchokyungtang caused remarkable increase in weight of rat's uterus.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.982-994
• /
• 2001

Commercially available software packages permit to position human models of various geometries in practical scenarios while respecting the anatomical constraints of the skeletal joints and of the bulk of the bodies. Beyond such features, the PAM-Comfort(sup)TM software has been conceived to provide direct access to the muscular forces needed by humans to perform physical actions where muscle force is required. The PAM-Comfort(sup)TM human models are made of multi-body linked anatomical skeletons, equipped with finite elements of the relevant skeletal muscles. The hyper-static problem of determination of muscle forces is solved by optimisation technique. Voluntary stiffening of muscles can be added to the basic contraction levels needed to perform a specific task. The calculated muscle forces obey Hills model. The model and software have been applied in several interesting scenarios of various fields of application, such as car industry, handling of equipment and sports activities.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.83-87
• /
• 1996

The objective of this study is to investigate the direct effects of green tea catechins(GTC) on vascular smooth muscle tension and 45Ca2+ Uptake in rat aorta. The methods used in this study are isometric tension measurements using physiograph, Lanthanum method for 45Ca2+(2 uCi/ml) uptake measurement in rat aorta. GTC modified tension induced by 40 mM KCl or 1 uM norepinephrine in rat aorta. Low concentrations of GTC(<0.5mg/ml) increased tension by 40 mM KCl or 1 uM norepinephrine, individually. However, high conecentration of GTC(>0.5 mg/ml) inhibiited tension by 40 mM KCl or 1 uM norepinephrine, individually. GTC increased 45Ca uptake induced by 40 mM KCl in a dose-dependent manner. From these results, GTC has the dual actions in vascular smooth muscle in vitro. Low concentrations of GTC augments tension by K or norepinephrine. However, high concentrations of GTC inhibits tension by K or norepinephrine GTC may have Ca2+ channel activation, action, which may result in unphysiological vasodilation by Ca2+ overload in vascular smooth muscle.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 1983

Experimental studies were made to evaluate clinical efficacy and validate Oriental medicine description of 'Banhabaikchulchenma-Tang' which has been used for controlling of headache, heartburn and giddiness, etc. The results of these studies were as follows; 1) Suppressive actions were not shown on convulsion due to spine and diencephatic causes. 2) Analgesic action was recognized in mice and rats. 3) Sedative actions due to prolongation of hypnosis time, muscle relaxation and decreasing locomotive function were noted. 4) Relaxing action was noted in the ileum of mice, also antagonistic antispasmodic action was recognized on contraction of the ileum induced by acteylcholine and $BaCl_2$. In connection with results of these studies, efficacy based on the Oriental medical reference were consistant with actual experimental results. It is considered that 'Banhabaikchulchenma-Tang' has the therapeutic effect on the headache and giddiness, etc.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.122-128
• /
• 1982

In order to investigate the pharmacological action of combined preparation of crude drugs, 'Oyo-Tang' were studied. 'Oyo-Tang' consist of Glycyrrhizae Radix, Ephedrae Herba, Armenicae Semen, Platycodi Radix and Nepetae Herba. They have widely been prescribed in Oriental Medicine for controlling of cough, asthma, nasal abstraction, pharygeal pain and hoarseness. Experimental studies were implemented on analgesic, sedativc, anticonvulsive and ileum relaxing actions. The results of the studies were as follows; Significant anticonvulsive action was recognized by fraction IIII. Sedative and analgesic actions were noted by fraction I and III. Relaxing action was shown on the extracted ileum in mice, antagonistic actions were seen on $BaCl_2-induced$ contraction of the ileum of mice and Histamine-induced contraction of the ileum of guinea-pigs that the relaxing effect of the intestinal smooth muscle was recognized.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.215-222
• /
• 1986

Although the 'Insamyangwee-tang' has been widely used in clinical purposes in the oriental medicine, its clinical efficacy is only documentated for the cases of gastritis, gastric ulcer and enteritis, but the experimental study on these has not been undertaken. So, to investigate the clinical efficacy of 'Insamyangwee-tang' comparing with animal experiments, This study was carried out. The results showed that relaxing action was shown on the isolated ileum in mice and that strong antagonistic actions were seen on $BaCl_2$, acetylcholine and histamine induced contraction of the ileum in mice, rats, rabbits and guinea-pigs that the relaxing effect of the intestinal smooth muscle was recognized. Inhibitory effects on transport rate in the small intestine of mice. Strong antagonistic actions were seen on acetylcholine induced contraction of duodenum in rats and remarkably inhibiting actions were seen of duodenum in rats. Inhibitory action on the secretion of gastric juice and pepsin, anti-ulceration effect was recognized.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.2338-2344
• /
• 2021

Background: The therapeutic exercise method using kinesiology taping (KT) has been reported to be effective in activating the suprahyoid muscle in healthy adults. However, its applicability and effectiveness are not known to the physically vulnerable elderly. Objectives: To investigate the effects of kinesiology taping on the activity of suprahyoid muscles in community-dwelling elderly people. Design: Repeated measure design. Methods: We enrolled 23 healthy elderly adults (age range 60-75 years) with no history of neurologic disease. Participants performed five consecutive spontaneous swallowing actions at 5-second intervals under three conditions (KT with 80% stretch, placebo-KT, and non-KT. Activation of the suprahyoid muscles during swallowing in the three conditions was measured using surface electromyography (sEMG). In addition, a 0-10 numerical rating self-report scale was used to evaluate the required effort and the resistance felt during swallowing. Results: KT with 80% stretch were significantly higher in sEMG mean value, peak value, required effort, and resistance felt during swallowing compared to other two conditions (P<.05, all). KT with 80% stretch required the most effort during swallowing and, consequently, has a positive effect on increasing suprahyoid muscle activation. Conclusion: Our results could be taken into consideration in therapeutic exercise method for suprahyoid muscle in dysphagia rehabilitation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 1983

Experimental studies were made with Melilotus officinalis extract which was extracted from flowers and leaves of Melilotus officinalis Dsr. (Leguminosae). In this paper, acute toxicity, analgesic action, prolongation of hypnosis time by induced pentobarbital-Nain mice, antiinflammatory effect in rats and effects on isolated intestines of mice and rats were studied, The result was as follows; 1. Very low toxicity in mice. 2. Analgesic action was recognized markedly in mice. 3. Prolongation of hypnosis time induced by pentobarbital-Na in mice was shown. 4. Relaxing action was shown on the isolated ileum in mice and antagonistic action was seen on $BaCl_2-induced$ contraction of the ileum that the relaxing effect of the intestinal smooth muscle was recognized. 5.Antiinflammatory effect was shown markedly in mice. 6.Hypotensive and vaso-dilating actions due to the vascular smooth muscle relaxation were noted in rabbits.