• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.555-560
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• 2009

Pine mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) is an expensive and highly prized delicacy in Korean and Japanese cuisines with its unique flavor and functional properties. The pine mushroom juice (PMJ) was investigated for its antioxidant and anti-tumor activities with ABTS radical scavenging method and MTT assay. The phenolic contents in pine mushroom juice ranged from 1.19 to 54.99 GAEs mg/100 mL at the concentrations of $1{\sim}50\;mg/mL$. The ABTS radical scavenging activities of pine mushroom juice were 7.0%, 81.7% and 91.8% at the concentrations of 1, 10 and 50 mg/mL, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of pine mushroom juice were 605.9, 788.4, 583.6 and $232.5{\mu}g/mL$ on the cytotoxicities against AGS, HeLa, HepG2 and HT-29, respectively, and PMJ showed the strongest growth inhibitory activity against HT-29 cell. These results suggested therapeutic potential for pine mushroom juice as an anti-oxidant and anti-tumor agent.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2014

Objective : This study was performed to investigate the antineoplastic effect of Astragalus membranaceus, Angelica gigas, Rhus verniciflua Stokes and Trichosanthes kirilowii on SNU-80 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell line. Method : We examined whether our herbal medicines decreases cell growth rate of SNU-80 using MTT assay. We performed western blot analysis to verify that our herbal medicines induces apoptosis via caspase-dependent mechanism. We also performed wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay to investigate whether our herbal medicines affects the migration and invasion of anaplastic cancer cells, SNU-80. We also carried out ELISA assay to know our herbal medicines suppresses the expression of proinvasive molecules, such as VEGF and MMP-2 secreted from SNU-80. Results : MTT assay demonstrates that Angelica gigas, Rhus verniciflua Stokes, and Trichosanthes kirilowii suppressed strongly the growth of SNU-80. Western blot analysis demonstrates that Trichosanthes kirilowii induces apoptosis activating the cleavages of caspases (caspase-8, caspase-3) and PARP. Wound healing assay demonstrates that Rhus verniciflua Stokes, and Trichosanthes kirilowii inhibited the migration of SNU-80. Transwell invasion assay demonstrates that Rhus verniciflua Stokes, and Trichosanthes kirilowii inhibited the invasion of SNU-80. Elisa assay demonstrates that Astragalus membranaceus, Angelica gigas, Rhus verniciflua Stokes, and Trichosanthes kirilowii suppressed the expression of VEGF and MMP-2. Conclusion : We could conclude that several herbal medicines suppresses the growth and inhibits the migration and invasion of SNU-80 which is anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Especially, Rhus verniciflua Stokes, Trichosanthes kirilowii had stronger anti-cancer effect suggesting that we can apply them to treat anaplastic thyroid cancer.

• Korean Journal of Korean Medical Institute of Dermatology and Aesthetics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-90
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• 2005

Purpose: Contents of astragaloside I, II and IV, cytotoxicity, anticancer activity, immunomodulatory activity and antioxidant capacity were to be compared as a function of the cultivated years as one, three, five and seven years. Method: Major components of Astragali membranacei Radix were separated as astragaloside I, astragaloside II, astragaloside IV by HPLC analysis. Cytotoxicity and anticancer activities were measured by MTT and SRB assay. For immunomodulatory activity, the secretion of IL -6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$, NK cell activation and macrophage activation were observed as well as kinetics of responding to human T cells by a microphysiometer. In vitro antioxidant activities were measured by several radical scavenging activities of superoxide anion radican, DPPH, LDL and linoleic acid. For in vivo activity, the activation of SOD, GSH-px, catalase, ALDH and ADH was measured as well the relative weight of liver. Result : 1. For HPLC analysis, the contents of all of astragaloside I, astragaloside II, astragaloside IV were in order of three, five, one and seven years. 2. The cytotoxicity of normal human lung cell line, HEL299 showed lower than 18% in adding 0.25 mg/ml, and 28.9% in adding 1.0 mg/ml of water extract of seven year root. For methanol extracts, three year root showed highest cytotoxicity as 35.2 % and there was no difference between the cultivated years. 3. For anticancer activities, methanol extracts of one and three year roots showed relatively high inhibition of human stomach cancer cells, AGS, breast cancer cells, MCF-7, lung cancer cells, A549 and liver cancer cell, Hep3B as well as high selectivities. 4. The water extract of seven year root could yield high secretion of IL-6 from both human Band T cells while the methanol extracts of three and five year roots secreted high amounts of IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ from both Band T cells. 5. As a result of in vitro antioxidant activities, both water and methanol extracts from five and seven year roots showed high activities for superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, inhibiting linoleic acid peroxide and contents of total phenols. 6. For in vivo tests, Mn-SOD and GSH-px activities and weight of liver were better in adding seven year root. For ALDH activity one year root was better and for ADH activity five year root. Overall speaking, seven year root showed relatively better antioxidant activities. Conclusion:There was difference of the contents of astragaloside I, astragaloside II, astragaloside IV according to cultivation year. Methanol extract showed better activities of anticancer and immune activation rather than water extract Interestingly enough, for methanol extracts, overall activities were improved as the cultivation year increased. There might be further investigation required for the clinical uses of the results as several biological activities varied according to the cultivated year of Astragali membranacei Radix.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.164-170
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• 2014

This study was designed to find an appropriate biomaterial to proliferate Schwann cell (SC). Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) films mixed with demineralized bone particle (DBP), small intestine submucosa (SIS), and silk were fabricated by a solvent casting method. Analysis of MTT, SEM and RT-PCR were performed to confirm adhesion and proliferation of SC. Contact angle of films was assayed for hydrophilicity of films. We confirmed that PLGA/DBP 20% film showed higher hydrophilicity, promoted adhesion and proliferation of SC than other films. It was concluded that PLGA/DBP film can be applied for the scaffold biomaterials for the regeneration of central nerve system.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.265-271
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• 2021

Nanoparticles are substances that are smaller in size and smaller than cells that make up the skin. Therefore, they are very suitable as mediators for transmitting drugs or genes across cell membranes, and also deliver specific ingredients into the skin.In this study, nanoparticles were extracted from mugwort and particles of around 100 nm were obtained through dynamic light scattering (DLS), and the results of concentration-dependent enhancement of cell viability in fibroblasts were obtained through MTT assay. In addition, it was confirmed that the COL1A1 mRNA expression level was increased and the IL-6 mRNA expression level was decreased through the quantitative real-time PCR analysis method. Moreover, as these nanoparticles were confirmed to be stable, they can be applied not only to cell experiments but also to cosmetic formulations. While the demand for plant-derived ingredients continues to increase, excluding chemical ingredients from the recent cosmetics industry trend, there is a limitation in that there are few research results suggesting the application field of plant-derived nanoparticles. Therefore, in order to overcome the limitations of the cosmetic industry at the present time, the results obtained in this study present nanoparticles derived from Artemisia princeps (NDAP) as a highly functional cosmetic material.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.183-190
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• 2020

This study evaluated the possibility of Hoangtonogak Plus extracts as a bioactive ingredients for cosmetic products. Methanol(MN) and hot-water(WN) extracts were analysed by DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging activity, FRAP value for anti-oxidant activity, MTT assay for cell viability, inhibition of NO production and iNOS protein expression for anti-inflammatory effect, paper disc diffusion method for anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli.. The contents of total polyphenol of MN and WN extracts were 2.92±0.01 mgGAE/g and 1.67±0.02 mgGAE/g, respectively. DPPH, ABTS and FRAP values of MN extracts were higher than WN at each concentration. No significant cytotoxicity was observed in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, NO production of MN and WN at 1 mg/mL concentration was measured as 11.69 μM, 20.4 μM, respectively. In addition, MN extracts showed anti-microbial effect only on S. epidermidis. Also MN extracts suppressed iNOS protein level in a concentration-dependent manner. According to our results, the MN extracts demonstrated its potential as a natural source of antioxidant with anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.17-23
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• 2013

Objectives : The objective of the paper was to study cutting method of Gardeniae frutus, that tends to show symptom of separations in a packing, in accordance with the comparison experiment of quantification and antioxidant effect proceed with the intact Gardeniae fructus(Gf), seed of Gardeniae fructus (Gs) and the pericarp of Gardeniae fructus (Gp) separately. Methods : The Gf, Gs, and Gp were extracted using 80% MeOH, followed by quantizing geniposide contained in each group. A MTT assay was conducted and ROS generation and NO production were measured for comparing its antioxidant effect. Results : As a result of quantizing geniposide contained in the Gf, Gp, and Gs, respectively, the geniposide content was shown to be the highest in the Gs. MTT assay showed that no cytotoxicity was observed in the groups treated with Gf, Gp, and Gs, respectively, at a dose of 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. The ROS generation was shown to have more significantly decreased in the group pretreated with Gf 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ than in the group treated with LPS. The NO level was shown to have more significantly decreased in the group pretreated with Gp 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ than in the group treated with LPS. Conclusion : As the geniposide content and antioxidant effect of Gf varies according to its each part, it is recommended that Gf should be distributed as an intact form other than segregation in packing.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.96-104
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate cytotoxicity of paraquat on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, toxicity of paraquat and compensatory effects of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) on the rat lung. In order to conduct MIT [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl -2H-tetrazolium-bromide] and NR (Neutral red) assay, the $5.0{\times}10^4cell/ml$ of NIH 3T3 fibroblast in each well of 24 multi-dish were cultured. After 24 hours, the cells were treated with solution of paraquat (1, 25, 50 and $100{\mu}M$ respectively). After the NIH 3T3 fibroblast of all groups were cultured in same condition for 48 hours. MIT and NR assay were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of cell organelles. $MTT_{50}\;and\;NR_{50}$ of paraquat were $1668.97{\mu}M\;and\;1030.85{\mu}M$, respectively. These $IC_{50}$ of Paraquat were decided as a low cytotoxicity by Borenfreund and Puemer (1984). In order to observe the toxicity and compensatory effects of paraquat on the rat lung, Spraque Dawley male rats were used as experimental animals and were divided into paraquat only treated group and simultaneous application group of paraquat and 3-MC, at 30 min and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hrs interval after each treatment. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation and their or the lungs were immediately removed, immersed in fixatives, and were processed with routine method for light microscopic study. Paraffin sections were stained with H&E and iron hematoxylin of Verhoeff. Under the light microscopy, erythrocytes were full in alveolar capillaries at 3 hrs and congested at 24 hrs after paraquat administration. The great alveolar cells (Type II cell) were increased and mitosis of great alveolar were observed in interalveolar septa. Many lymphocytes, macrophages and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells were observed in connective tissue surrounding lung tissue and germinal center in lymph follicles of terminal bronchiole. Alveolar macrophages were increased in interalveolar septa and alveoli at 48 hrs. And observed many alveolar macrophages at 96 hrs. In iron hematoxylin stain of Verhoeff, Collagen fiber were increased in respiratory bronchiole, interalveolar septa and alveoli and breath of alveoli, and alveolar pore were broaden. But, in paraquat plus 3-MC treated group, morphological changes were mild in lung tissue. These results indicate that 3-MC has a compensatory effects against toxicity of paraquat by conjugation with oxygen.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2005

In this study, a novel analytical method has been developed for the rapid determination of L-carnitine in human plasma using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Free carnitine (FC) was analyzed after extraction with 80% methanol and total carnitine (TC) was analyzed after hydrolysis and extraction. Acyl carnitine (AC) was subtracted FC from TC. Analytical methods used multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scan modes. A correlation coefficient of linear regression ($r^2$) was 0.9995, recovery was 97%, reproducibility was less than 10%, and limit of detection (LOD) was $0.0016{\mu}mol/L$. This method reduced sample preparation time and showed high resolution and good reproducibility compared to that with liquid chromatographic methods. Normal control showed AC was lower than FC. Clinical management of patients with inborn error of metabolism showed FC was lower than AC. Thus, carnitine fraction level was very important to monitoring patients with metabolic disorder.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7155-7159
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• 2015

Background: Oral cancer is a health problem in Thailand. Cratoxylum formosum subsp. pruniflorum Gogel (Teawdang), normally consumed in northeast Thailand, has proven cytotoxic to cervical cancer cell lines including HeLa, SiHa and C-33A. Recently, Asian oral cancer cell lines, ORL-48 and ORL-136, were established. Therefore, we aimed to study cytotoxicity of Teawdang in these. Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of Teawdang were also determined. Materials and Methods: Teawdang was purchased from Khon Kaen market during June-October 2013. Hexane (CHE), ethyl acetate (CEE) and methanol (CME) extracts of its edible part were analyzed for TPC by the folin-ciocalteau method and for TFC by an aluminium colorimetric method. Antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity in normal Vero cells and oral cancer cells were investigated. Cell viability was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Results: CME and CEE had higher TPC and TFC and antioxidant activity than CHE. Both CME and CEE, at $200{\mu}g$ dry wt/mL, were cytotoxic to the studied oral cancer cell lines. However, CME was cytotoxic to Vero cells whereas CEE was not. Compared to Vero cells, CEE significantly inhibited ORL-48 and ORL-136 growth (p=0.03 and p=0.02, respectively). Conclusions: CEE exhibited cytotoxic effects on the studied oral cancer cell lines but not normal Vero cells. The bioactive compounds in CEE should be further purified and elucidated for their mechanisms of action for development as anticancer agents.