• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.4023-4027
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• 2012

Cytotoxicity assessment of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was performed using MTT-based microfluidic image cytometry (${\mu}FIC$). The $LC_{50}$ value of HeLa cells exposed to AgNPs in the microfluidic device was estimated as 46.7 mg/L, which is similar to that estimated by MTT-based IC for cells cultured in a 96 well plate (49.9 mg/L). These results confirm that the ${\mu}FIC$ approach can produce cytotoxicity data that is reasonably well-matched with that of the conventional 96 well plate system with much higher efficiency. This ${\mu}FIC$ method provides many benefits including ease of use and low cost, and is a more rapid in vitro cell based assay for AgNPs. This may aid in speeding up data acquisition in the field of nanosafety and make a significant contribution to the quantitative understanding of nanoproperty-toxicity relationships.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.457-462
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• 2002

Oregonin, a diarylheptanoid derivative from Alnus hirsuta Turcz, Betulaceae, was evaluated for its antitumor activity. Oregonin, known to have an antitumor function, and is a novel immunomodulator, which may augment macrophage activity. MTT assays and NO production tests were performed in order to investigate the cytotoxicity of oregonin in tumor cells and to examine its influence on macrophage in detail. In this study, the tumoricidal activity was also evaluated by a MTT assay. The cytotoxicity measurements in the oregon in-treated group both in vitro and in vivo showed a significant difference from that of the control group. In vivo, oregonin significantly increased NO production in a dose-dependent manner, and in vitro, the thioglycolate-induced inflammatory macrophages increased NO production in a dose-dependent manner after incubation. These results suggest that oregonin reacts with both the inflammatory and non-inflammatory macrophages in a similar way.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.255.1-255.1
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• 2002

We investigated the anti-proliferative effects of lxeris sonchifolia H. (godulbaegi) root extracts. luteolin(3'. 4', 5. 7-Q-glucoside and 3'. 4', 5, 7-tetrahydoxyflavone) and apigenin (3', 4'. 5. 7-O-gluconic acid) on HepG2 (p53 wild type) cells. Hep3B (p53 null) cells, and Chang liver cells. In MTT assay 3', 4'.5. 7-tetrahydoxyflavone showed the most efficient anti-proliferative effects on these three cell lines. However, there was no significant anti-proliferative effect on Chang liver cell line in MTT results. (omitted)

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.1 s.55
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• pp.23-28
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• 2006

In this study, we performed anti-oxidation, whitening, cell recovery and anti-inflammation effects with Alisma orientale to evaluate the cosmeceutical properties. Alisma orientate extract (30, 70, 100 % MeOH) exhibited a significant tree radical scavenging effect against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) radical generation and showed tyrosinase inhibition effect in a dose dependent manner (over 0.5% concentration). In cell proliferation assay using human fibroblast, it didn't show any proliferation effect but showed safety from cytotoxicity under 0.05% concentration. For whitening assay, we evaluated the melanin synthesis rate using B16 melanocyte and it showed a significant inhibitory effect (up to 40% under 0.05% concentration). After major screening assay, we separate 3 fractions from Alisma orientate extract by MPLC and performed cell recovery assay, melanin synthesis inhibition assay and anti-inflammatory assay. The third fraction showed a cell recovery effect over 30% against radical damage and remarkable repression in melanin synthesis and COX-2 synthesis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.308-312
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• 2008

The flower buds of Tussilago farfara (TF) have been traditionally used in oriental medicine for the treatment of bronchitis and asthma. In our study, the primary objective was to determine the mechanisms that are inherent to TF-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, using the methanolic extract of TF (TFM) in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. We found that TFM-induced induced cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was verified via an MTT reduction assay, an lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, and a colony formation assay. Interestingly, we also detected apoptotic bodies on Hoechst staining, and attempted to determine whether TFM-induced apoptosis involved the caspase pathway using a caspase-3/7 activity assay. Overall, the results indicate that TFM contain chemotherapeutic agents and potential candidates use for against human colon cancer cells.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.504-518
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the anti-fibrogenic effect of greater celandine on cultured rat hepatic stellate cells. Materials and Methods : Hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6) were treated with various concentrations of greater celandine extract for 24, 48, and 72 hours. The extraction was done with distilled water. After the treatment, cell viability, proliferation, mRNA of the ${\alpha}SMA$, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, collagen I ${\alpha}$ 1, MMP-2, IL-6, TGF-${\beta}1$, PDGFr-${\beta}1$, Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-xl, caspase-3, caspase-9 and the activities of SOD and catalase were measured by using MTT assay, BrdU assay, real-time PCR, superoxide dismutase assay and catalase assay. Results : The viability, proliferation, mRNA expression and synthesis of collagen of the hepatic stellate cells were inhibited as the concentration increased, which indicates the herb has an inhibitory effect on fibrogenesis of the liver by regulating the fibrosis associated genes in transcription. Conclusions : These results suggest that greater celandine would be beneficial in the treatment of fibrotic patients as well as for patients with chronic hepatitis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.212-217
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Citrus Reticulata(CR) on the Cell Detachment and Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer SNU-668 Cells. The effect of CR on apoptosis was investigated through MTT assay, DAPI staining, and TUNEL assay. We also performed RT-PCR for apoptotic genes including BCL-2, BAX, and caspase-3, the caspase-3 activity assay, and western blotting for pro-CASP-3. Then, to detect that adhesion of cell to ECM was reduced by CR, we investigated mRNA expression of CDH1 and PTK2 using RT-PCR, and their protein expressions using western blotting, and immunocytochemistry in SNU-668 cells. In this study, the results showed that treatment of CR induced time and dose-dependent cell death in SNU-668 cells. Downregulated mRNA expression of BCL-2, and upregulated mRNA expressions of BAX and CASP-3 indicated that the cell death was due to apoptosis. Protein expression of inactivated CASP-3, and caspase-3 activity assay also showed that apoptosis was induced in CR-treated cells.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.130-142
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• 2005

Objectives: Amygdalin is known to be a natural compound which has antitussive and anticancer activities. Amygdalin is abundant in the seeds of bitter almond and apricots of the Prunus genus, and other rosaceous plants. We investigated whether amygdalin induces apoptosis. Materials and Methods : 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)assay, terminal deoxynuclotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAFI) staining, flow cytometric analysis, DNA fragmentation assay, western blot, and caspase-3 enzyme assay were performed on ME-180 cervical cancer cells treated with amygdalin. Results: Through morphological and biochemical analyses, it was demonstrated that ME-180 cells treated with amygdalin exhibit several apoptotic features. It was shown that amygdalin induces increases in levels of Bax and caspase-3 and a decrease in Bcl-2 expression. Conclusions: These results suggest the possibility that amygdalin exerts an anti-tumor effect on human cervical cancer.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.411-415
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• 2017

To evaluate the protective effects of Plantago Major extract (PME) in stimulated BV-2 microglial cells and its anti-oxidant properties, cell viability assessment was performed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to activate BV-2 microglia. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured using Griess assay. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) production was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antioxidant properties were evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. LPS-activated excessive release of NO in BV-2 cells was significantly inhibited by PME (P < 0.001 at $100{\mu}g/mL$). PME also scavenged DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05 at $10{\mu}g/mL$ and P < 0.001 at $20{\sim}200{\mu}g/mL$). These results indicate that PME attenuated neuroinflammatory responses in LPS-activated BV-2 microglia by inhibiting excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO and TNF-${\alpha}$. The anti-neuroinflammatory potential of PME may be related to its strong antioxidant properties.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.262-267
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to research for anti-oxidation and anti-wrinkle effects of Acar mono Sap (AM). To cosmetic effect of AM, safety effect (MTT assay), anti-wrinkle effect (elastase, MMP-1 inhibition assay) and anti-oxidant effect (DPPH assay) were measured. When water extract of AM was used for cell viability, it was over 100% at 6% (6 ml/100 ml in phosphate buffer) concentration. AM showed 45.7% elastase inhibition and 23.7% MMP-1 inhibition at 50% (50 ml/100 ml in phosphate buffer) concentration so that it had good anti-wrinkle characteristic. And AM showed 68.9% antioxidation capacity at 50% concentration by using a DPPH assay. Consequently, AM can be used as natural materials or additives for human skin owing to their beneficial biologic functions, including the anti-wrinkle effect, for cosmetic compositions.