• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.19-29
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• 2001

This study was carried out to examine the recovery of forest ecosystem at the burned areas of coniferous (Mt. Chosdae) and broad leaved forest (Samsinbong in Mt. Chiri) by investigating the changes of forest vegetation. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. In the Samsinbong, the total number of species appeared at the burned area were 5 species at tree layer, 11 species at sub-tree layer and 24 species at herb layer, and at the unburned area were 5 species at tree layer, 14 species at sub-tree layer, 18 species at shrub layer and 23 species at herb layer, respectively. In the Mt. Chosdae, the total number of species appeared at the burned area only showed to 83 species at herb layer, and at the unburned area were 7 species at tree layer, 13 species at sub-tree layer, 21 species at shrub layer and 46 species at herb layer, respectively. 2. In the soil chemical properties of the burned area of Samsinbong, pH was 5.8, and contents of Organic matter, Total nitrogen, Available $P_2O_5$, Exchangeable $K^+$, Exchange $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ and Exchange $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ were 7.42%, 0.73%, 28.5mg/kg, 1.3me/100g, 13.3me/100g and 2.2me/100g, respectively. But they showed a tendency to decrease by passing the time. In the soil chemical properties of the burned area of Mt. Chosdae, pH was 5.3, and contents of Organic matter, Total nitrogen, Available $P_2O_5$, Exchangeable $K^+$, Exchange $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ and Exchange $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ were 6.42%, 0.25%, 24.4mg/kg, 0.7me/100g, 3.7me/100g and 2.1me/100g, respectively, and they also showed a tendency to decrease by passing the time. 3. An the burned and unburned areas of Samsinbong, the total evolved amounts of soil respiration were $4,049.1mg/m^2/h$ and $9,950.0mg/m^2/h$, respectively. An the burned and unburned areas of Mt. Chosdae, the total evolved amounts of soil respiration were $4,392.4mg/m^2/h$ and $8,286.5mg/m^2/h$, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to investigate the developmental process of plant community during the secondary succession through the analysis of floristic composition, life form etcectra in burned site, and the structure of forest stand before forest fire occurrence was estimated by the method of anatomical wood identification for dead trees in burned site, Cheisuk-bong in Mt. Chiri of Korea. Plant community before forest fire occurrence was estimated the high mountain conifer stand of the last successional stage to consist of Pinus koraiensis(75%), Abies koreana(15%) and Picea jezoensis(10%), and Betula costata was survived only one species after forest fire occurrence. The total number of plant species in the investigated area was 19 families and 23 species that was identified. The dominate species in burned site were Festuca ovina and Arrhenatherum elatius, Carex humilis, Ligularia fischeri etcectra in the investigated area flora. The life form of plant in burned site was the erect from 47.8%, the tufted from 30.4%, the branched and the prostrate from was both 8.7%, It was assumed that dominant species in the burned sites were Gramineae (Festuca ovina, Arrhenatherum elatius), Carex humilis ${\rightarrow}$Sorbus commixta, Rhododendron schrippenbachii, Sambucus williamsii var. coreana, Tripterygium regelii ${\rightarrow}$Acer pseudo-sieboldianum var. koreanum, Betula costata, Quercus mongolica${\rightarrow}$Pinaceae forest(Pinus koraiensis, Abies koreana, Picea jezoznsis).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.270-276
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the number of climbing plant species habitated in South Korea. Relationships between their distribution and environmental factors were surveyed. Research sites for vertical distribution were Mt.S rak, Mt.Kwangkyo, Mt. Eoudap and Mt. Chiri. The results of this study are as follows: The number of climbing plants habitated in South Korea was 267 species, 95 genera, 41 families. According as latitude lower, the number of climbing plant species increased. And most areas of Korean peninsula except for alpine regions and the northern part of North Korea seemed to be suited for the growth of climbing plants. The number of climbing plant species decreased with its altitude. And it is confirmed that their distributions were limited to the below of 1,500m sea level which was applicable to the area of Kira's warmth index above 45. The species of climbing plants changed with its plant community although at same altitude. The number of climbing plant species was different from the face of slope, and the species diversity became lower at south slope than that of north slope.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.2
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• pp.162-176
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• 1991

For the purpose of contributing to wild birds protection and propagation, distribution characteristics and ecological breeding habitats were surveyed in Mt. Chiri from September, 1986 to December, 1989 by the use of the nestboxes installed in four study sites by the altitude. The results were as follows ; 1. During the study period, observed birds were 2,403 individuals belong to 59 species, especially, at the 1,400m above altitude the rare species, Falco tinnunculus and the protecting bird species such as Ninox scutulata, Strix aluco and Prunella collaris were observed. 2. In the inhabitation structure of birds by the altitude, Fringilla montfringilla was the highest dominance (41.33%) among the inhabitated birds in the surveyed area. 3. Phasianus colchicus and Streptopelia orientalis which were mainly inhabited in hilly area were observed until the altitude of 900m. 4. The 92.5% of nest boxes was mainly used by the small birds, Parus spp. and Sitta europaea. These species preferred the nest boxes installed at the edge or along the mountaineering path, because they could get food and water easily from those places. 5. The utilization rate of the nest boxes was showed 86% at 500m, 96% at 900m, 98% at 1,400m and 90% at 1,700m above the altitude, respectively. 6. The breeding rate of birds in the nest boxes was showed from 6% to 46% by altitude. Parus varius was the highest breeding species in the surveyed area. These birds inhabited above 500m laid eggs from 15th, April to 22th, May(n=22), but those above 1,700m laid eggs from 28th, April to 27th, May(n=13), that 13 days were delayed at high altitude. 7. Food items of the chicks of the 5 species collected by the collar method were animal matters ; 91.3% of the food was forest insects such as Phalera asiimilis and Pleuroptya batteata except 8.7% of spiders.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.3
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• pp.287-296
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• 2000

This study was carried out to examine and compare the changes of inhabitation of soil microarthropoda after forest fire between different types of forest; i.e. the coniferous forest (Mt. Chocdae) and the broad-leaved forest (Samsinbong in Mt. Chiri). The individuals of soil microarthropoda found at the burned and unburned areas of Samsinbong and Mt. Chocdae were 12 orders in 5 classes, and individuals of Insecta and Arachnida 98% of them. In respect of classification groups, Collembola order was high at the burned and unburned areas of coniferous forest, while Acari order was high at the broad-leaved area. When classified by soil depth, the total number of soil microarthropoda individuals inhabiting at Samsinbong, the broad-leaved forest, was 25,342 and 37,350 at 1~5cm depth of burned and unburned areas respectively, while at 5~10cm depth the number turned out 9,722 and 15,906. Soil microarthropoda individuals of unburned area was 1.6 times higher than for the burned area. At the coniferous forest, the number marked 31,665 and 51,431, respectively for 1~5cm depth of burned and unburned area, and 10,189 and 13,202 for 5~10cm depth. Here also, the number for the unburned area was examined to be 1.4 times higher than for the burned area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.54-67
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• 1991

To investigate the structure of the plant community of Daewon valley forest in Mt. Chiri, eighty-nine plots were set up by the dumped sampling method. The classification by TWINSPAN and DCA ordination were applied to the study area in order to classify item into several groups based on woody plants and environmental variables. The classification had been successfully overlayed on an ordination of the same data using DCA. The plots can be classified into five groups by TWINSPAN and DCA. There are Pinus densiflora community. Quercus variabilis-Q. serrata community. Carpinus laxiflora community. Q. monogolica community and Cornus controversa-Q. mongolica community. The successional trends of tree species by both techniques seem to be from P. densiflora through Q. variabilis, Q. serrata to C. laxiflora on the low altitude and from Q. mongolica to C. controversa on the high altitude in the canopy layer. As a result of the analysis for the relationship between the stand scores of DCA and environmental variables. they had a tendancy to increase significantly from the P. densiflora community to C. laxiflora community that was soil moisture. the amount of soil humus and soil nutrients.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.280-287
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• 1999

본 연구는 우리나라 특산식물인 히어리 군락이 지리산 국립공원 동부지역에 대규모로 분포하고 있는 것을 처음으로 발견하여 군락지의 분포 및 맹아지 특성 그리고 군락의 보호대책을 위한 기초자료를 축적하고자 수행되었다. 각 계층별 중요치는 교목층에서 소나무(134.15) 일본잎갈나무, 산벚나무, 비목나무, 신갈나무 등이 우점하였고 아교목층에서는 히어리, 거제수나무. 비목나무, 졸참나무, 노각 나무 그리고 관목층에서는 히어리가 우점하였으며 그 외에 철쭉꽃, 진달래, 생강나무 등이 출현하였다 그리고 맹아지 특성은 1개 방형구(25m2)에 평균 17.75개의 주간이 형성되고 1개 주간당 맹아지 수는 평균 6.00개 고사지는 2.80개로 조사되었다. 흉고직경급별 분포에서 생장지의 경우 흉고직경 1.0-4.0cm 구간에서 전체의 64.78%를 차지하였으며 대부분 2.0-3.0cm 구간에서 54.74%를 차지하여 히어리 군락의 중심계급이었다 흉고직경 1.0cm 이하의 고사지가 전체의 53.16%를 차지하였는데 이는 근주에서 돋아나는 1년생 맹아지가 대부분 고사하였기 때문이었다 특히 히어리의 번식습성은 실생묘에 의한 번식도 가능하지만 본 조사지에서와 같이 수관이 울폐된 지역에서는 주로 근맹아에 의한 번식을 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 1991

A survey of subalpine zone (altitude is 1,360-1,410m) in Mt. Chiri, was conducted using 25 sample plots of 500$m^2$ size. The classification by TWINSPAN and DCA ordination were applied to the study area in order to classify them into several groups based on woody plants and environmental variables. By TWINSPAN techniques, the plant community were divided into five groups by importance value of Abies nephrolepis. The dividing groups are Fraxinus rhynchophylla - Magnolia sieboldii community, Quercus mongolica - Rhododendron schlippenbachii community, Q. mongolica - F. rhynchophylla - Acer pseudo-sieboldianum community, Q. mongolica- A. nephrolepis- Rh. schlippenbachii community, and A. nephrolepis- Pinus densiflora - Rh. schlippenbachii community. The successional trends of tree species by both techniques seem to be from Q. mongolica to A. nephrolepis in the canopy layer. It was no difference between the stand scores of DCA and environmental variables.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.211-223
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• 2000

The atmospheric dispersion of a pollutant emitted from a hypothetical source located in the middle of the Yochon Industrial Estate was simulated by using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). Four horizontally nested grids were employed: the coarsest one covered the southern part of the Korean Peninsula including Mt. Chiri and the finest one covered the Yochon Industrial Estate and the surrounding area. Wind fields were initially assumed horizontally homogeneous with a wind speed of 4m/s, the average for the Yosu area, and were developed without both external forces and diurnal changes in order to investigate the terrain-induced phenomena. Wind directions that could emphasize the terrain effects on the pollutant transport and that could carry pollutants to a highly-popluated area were selected for the dispersion study. A pollutant was released for 24hours from a grid-base volume source after a 24-h blank run for developing the wind field. The dispersion study showed that the pollutant from the present source location did not directly affect the Yosu City, but showed high concentrations at locations behind the hills 5 to 6 km away from the source according to wind directions. When the wind speed was low, close to calm condition, the pollutant was detected at upstream locations 6 to 7 km from the source. In comparison with the results from the RAMS simulation, the Industrial Source Complex Short-Term Model(ISCST3) predicted a narrow dispersion that was sensitive to the wind direction. When the wind velocity was affected by the local environment, the ISCST3 calculation using that data also gave a lop-sided result, which was different from the distribution of the pollutant reproduced by RAMS.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.533-545
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• 1994

The bleeding of 39 Acer mono trunks by wounding was investigated at the altitudes of 400m, 500m, 800m, and 1100m on Wangsirobong (1,214m), Mt. Chiri area (127°34'E., 35°14'N.) from February 4 to March 21, 1993 and from February 23 to March 23, 1994. The amount of sap in a day was clodely related to the change of air temperature and wind speed. Especially, the abundant sap was exudated at the ranges of -4~13℃ in the daily range of temperature and it was below 0.14m/s in wind speed. The most abundant bleeding was exudated from Acer mono trunk located south facing slope in 800m altitude. Also the amount of sap increased with incereasing suface area of crown. The maximum bleeding of sap was collected from the hole punctured at 80cm height from the ground surface at southern part of the trunks. And the number of exudation holes had an important effect on bleeding of sap but the number of holes should be controlled by DBH of trunks. These results suggested that the exudation was influenced by the daily range of temperature and wind speed. And the altitude, direction of sloped where the trees occurred, surface area of crown, the number of exudation holes, height form the ground surface and the direction of the hole was 91.6% when germicide (Dimethyl-4,4' -ophenylene bis 3-thio alonate) was treated from April to October after bleeding of sap in the year.