• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.131-134
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• 1998

This work was carried out to develop a pattern on the nanometer scale using plasma polymerization and plasma etching. This study is also aimed at developing a resist for the nano process and a vacuum lithography process. The thin films of plasma polymerization were fabricated by the plasma po1ymerization of inter-electrode capacitively coupled gas flow system. After delineating the pattern at accelerating voltage of 30[kV]. ranging the dose of 1∼500[${\mu}$C/$\textrm{cm}^2$], the pattern was developed with dry tree and formed by plasma etching. By analysing of the molecule structure using FT-lR, it was confirmed that the thin films of PPMST contains the functional radicals of the MST monomer. The thin films of PPMST had a highly crosslinked structure resulting in a higher molecule weight than the conventional resist.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

This study was performed to evaluate sleep efficiencies and conditions for comfortable sleep based on the analysis of EEGs and MST under four thermals conditions. Five female subjects who have similar life cycle and sleep patterns were participated for the sleep experiment. Their age was from 20 to 22 years old. They were healthy, and had regular sleep with consistent bed and wakeup time. It was checked whether they had a good sleep before the night of experiment. Experiments were performed in an environmental chamber of $4.1\times4.9\times2.7m$ size. EEGs were obtained from C3-A2 and C4-Al electrode sites. Sleep stages were classified, then TST, SWS latency and SWS/TST were calculated for the evaluation for sleep efficiencies on thermal conditions. As results, it was concluded that indoor thermal environments of $24\~26^{\circ}C$ was the best for comfortable and deep sleep.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.234-240
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• 2007

The present study investigated the anti-tumor activity of ethyl acetate extract of Acanthospermum hispidum DC against daltons ascites lymphoma in mice. The extract was prepared by cold maceration with ethyl acetate for 3 - 7 days and evaporated in vacuum to dry. (Yield : 14.2 g, 1.42% w/w). The extract was fractionated by column chromatography by using gradient elution technique and the diterpenes fraction isolated (0.649 g). Both extract and the fraction were administered as oral suspension with tween 20 in water to tumor bearing mice (DAL) and changes in dead cell count, histopathology of tumor cells, hematological parameters and median survival time (MST) were examined and compared with that of tumor control or 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). The results indicate that both ethyl acetate extract and fraction possess anti-tumor activity. The study suggests that Acanthospermum hispidum DC seems promising as a source of diterpenes for potential anti-tumor activity.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.2-9
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• 1983

For the optimal achievement of system goals through a systematic analysis of the complex problems, systems engineering provides us the concepts and methodology that include comprehensive interpretability (or understandability), universal applicability, and feasibility. Under this aspect, the main objective of this study is that it introduces mathematical system theory (MST) as the fundamental tool of SE into the Inventory Control among the related parts with IE, and review it's applicability. Through its work, we can find that it has the alternative aspects with which it can replace other existing methods for problem-solving in understanding and analyzing structurally systems in themselves as well as being considerable of the time evolutionary process of a given system.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.603-609
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• 2013

1998년 12월 개정 해양사고의 조사 및 심판에 관한 법률은 제4조 제2항에 "심판원은 제1항의 규정에 의한 해양사고의 원인을 규명함에 있어서 해양사고의 발생에 2인 이상이 관련되어 있는 경우에는 각 관련자에 대하여 원인의 제공 정도를 밝힐 수 있다"는 규정을 신설하여 선박충돌사고 원인제공비율 산정제도를 마련하고 1999년 2월에 이를 시행하였다. 그러나 선박충돌사고 원인제공비율 산정제도가 시행된 지 12년이 지난 현재에도 원인제공비율 산정제도 시행과 관련하여 긍정적인 측면을 강조하는 찬성론과 이 제도를 폐지해야 한다는 반대론이 대립하고 있는 상황이다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 선박충돌사고 원인제공비율 산정제도의 도입배경과 찬반론의 내용을 검토하고, 실증적인 측면에서 원인제공비율 산정제도에 대한 이해관계자들의 만족도를 조사 분석한 후, 향후 원인제공비율 산정제도 개선을 위한 정책제언을 제시하고자 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2007

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a group of musculoskeletal conditions characterized by pain in the pre-auricular area, limitation of jaw movement and palpable muscle tenderness. Thermography is a nonionizing, noninvasive diagnostic alternative for the evaluation of TMD. This study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of thermography in the assessment of TMD. Methods: Thermography was conducted on the 61 patients who had been diagnosed with TMD, and on the 34 normal symptom-free volunteers. The temperature differences between opposite sides of the temporomandibular joint (${\Delta}T_{TMJ}$) and the masseter muscle (${\Delta}T_{MST}$) were calculated. The sensitivity and specificity of thermography was calculated at the cut off values of 0.2, 0.3, and $0.4^{\circ}C$. Results: In the patient group, the ${\Delta}T_{TMJ}$ was $0.42{\pm}0.38^{\circ}C$ and the ${\Delta}T_{MST}$ was $0.38{\pm}0.33^{\circ}C$, whereas in the control group the ${\Delta}T_{TMJ}$ was $0.10{\pm}0.07^{\circ}C$ and the ${\Delta}T_{MST}\;0.15{\pm}0.10^{\circ}C$. In addition, the patient group demonstrated a significantly lower level of thermal symmetry than the control group (P < 0.001) in both the temporomandibular joints and the masseter muscles. The sensitivity of thermography at the cut off values of 0.2, 0.3 and $0.4^{\circ}C$ was 67.2, 49.2, and 42.6% in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and 60.7, 49.2 and 37.7% in the masseter muscle, respectively. The specificity of thermography at the cut off values of 0.2, 0.3 and $0.4^{\circ}C$ was 88.2, 100, and 100% in the TMJ and 61.8, 91.2 and 100% in the masseter muscles, respectively. The accuracy of thermography at the cut off values of 0.2, 0.3 and $0.4^{\circ}C$ was 74.7, 67.4, and 63.2% in TMJ and 61.1, 64.2 and 60.0% in the masseter muscles, respectively. Conclusions: Temperature differences exist between the opposite sides of the TMD and masseter muscles in patients with TMD. Although the sensitivity of thermography in the diagnosis of TMD is low, it has high specificity in the evaluation of TMD, and is therefore applicable to patients with TMD.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2018

The Hippo pathway plays prominent and widespread roles in various forms of human carcinogenesis. Specifically, the Yes-associated protein (YAP), a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, can lead to excessive cell proliferation and the inhibition of apoptosis, resulting in tumorigenesis. It was reported that the YAP is strongly elevated in multiple types of human malignancies such as breast, lung, small intestine, colon, and liver cancers. Recent work indicates that, surprisingly, Hippo signaling components' (SAV1, MST1/2, Lats1/2) mutations are virtually absent in human cancer, rendering this signaling an unlikely candidate to explain the vigorous activation of the YAP in most, if not all human tumors and an activated YAP promotes the resistance to RAF-, MAPK/ERK Kinase (MEK)-, and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted inhibitor therapy. The analysis of YAP expressions can facilitate the identification of patients who respond better to an anti-cancer drug treatment comprising RAF-, MEK-, and EGFR-targeted inhibitors. The prominence of YAP for those aspects of cancer biology denotes that these factors are ideal targets for the development of anti-cancer medications. Therefore, our report strongly indicates that the YAP is of potential prognostic utility and druggability in various human cancers.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.415-428
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• 2003

연구배경 : 소세포폐암에 대한 항암화학치료에 etoposide와 cisplatin(EP) 또는 etoposide와 carboplatin(EC)이 가장 흔히 사용되는 병합요법인데, 전반적인 관해율은 75-85%(제한기 65-90%), 완전관해율은 20-30%(제한기 45-75%)로 보고되고 있다. 치료후 재발되는 소세포폐암환자에 대하여 구제(salvage)화학요법제로 topotecan을 사용하였을 때 90일 이내에 재발되는 불응성 재발(refractory relapse, RR)인 경우 관해율이 6.4%인 반면에, 90일 이후에 재발되는 감수성 재발(sensitive relapse, SR)에서는 37.8%의 관해율이 보고되고 있다. 저자는 EC요법과 2차 구제화학요법으로 topotecan요법의 치료효과와 부작용을 조사하여 기존의 성적들과 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1996년부터 2002년 6월까지 전남대병원 내과에서 소세포 폐암으로 치료를 받았던 환자들 중에서 EC요법과 재발되어 topotecan구제 화학요법을 받은 환자를 대상으로 임상경과를 후향적으로 조사하였다. 일차치료로서 etoposide 100 $mg/m^2$ (day 1-3), carboplatin 300 $mg/m^2$(day 1)을 3주 이상의 간격을 두고 투여하여, 3주기 이상 화학요법을 받은 경우들을 대상으로 하였고, 이차치료로 topotecan을 투여한 경우에는 1.5 $mg/m^2$을 제 1일에서 제 5일까지 3주 간격으로 2주기 이상 받은 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 치료에 대한 반응의 평가는 완전관해(complete remission, CR), 부분관해(partial remission, PR), 불변(stable disease, SD), 진행(progressive disease, PD)으로 구분하였고 생존기간은 치료시작일로부터 중앙생존기간(median survival time, MST)으로 표기하였다. 결 과 : 총 101예에서 1차 선택 약제로 EC요법 후 관해율은 57.4%(58예)로 CR은 15.8%(16예), PR은 41.6%(42예)이었다. 제한기(69명)에서의 관해율은 69.6%(48예)로 CR은 23.2%(16예), PR은 46.4%(32예)였으며, 확장기(32명)에서의 관해율은 31.3%(10예)로 모두 PR반응을 보였다. 수행 능력(performance status score, PS)과 동통, 호흡곤란, 기침 등 임상 증상의 변화를 평가하였는데 58예(57.4%)에서 전신상태와 증상의 호전을 보였다. 전체 관해군의 관해 유지기간(중앙값)은 10.3개월(5.8개월~57.7개월)이었고 치료에 따른 호중구 감소증(G4)은 24예(23.8%), 혈소판감소증(Grade 4)은 2예(2%)에서 관찰되었다. 1차 화학치료에 불응하여 바로 다른 약제로 바꾸어 치료한 9예와 1차 치료 후 2차구제화학요법을 받지 않았던 71예를 제외한, 21예의 환자들은 EC요법으로 SD이상 반응을 보였으나 재발하여 topotecan을 투여 받은 군이었다. 총 21예 중 관해율은 SR군(8예)의 경우 PR 25%(2예), SD 25%(2예), PD 50%(4예)를 보였고, RR군(13예)에서는 PR 15.4%(2예), SD 15.4%(2예), PD 69.2%(9예)를 나타냈으나 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 생존 기간의 비교에서도 SR군은 MST 8개월로 RR군의 MST 7개월과 비교하여 유의한 차이는 없었다. 치료에 따른 독성으로 호중구감소증(Grade 4)은 6예 (28.3%), 혈소판감소증(Grade 4)은 3예(14.3%)에서 관찰되었다. 결 론 : EC와 topotecan 치료 모두 기존의 보고들과 비슷한 관해율을 보였으며 수용 가능한 정도의 부작용이 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.141-153
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• 2003

To study the effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement of herbal-acupuncture with Eclipta prostrata diffuse herba infusion solution(ELP-HAS), we injected ELP-HAS into Chok-samni(St36) of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma. We have reached the following conclusion through the effect on the number of $CD25^+/CD4^+$, $CD8^+/CD3e^+$, $CD69^+/B220^+$, $NK1.1+/CD3e^+$ cells in mouse PBMCs, the effect on the pulmonary colony number, and the effect on MST(Median Survival Time) and ILS(Increase of Life Span) of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma The results were obtained as follows: 1. In the experiment groups treated with ELP(Eclipta prostrata) Herbal-Acupuncture, the spleen cell proliferation in Balb/c mouse was significantly increased compared with control group. 2. In the experiment groups treated with ELP(Eclipta prostrata) Herbal-Acupuncture, the percentage of $CD25^+/CD4^+$, $CD8^+/CD3e^+$, $CD69^+/B220^+$, $NK1.1^+/CD3e^+$ cells in C57Bl/6 mouse PBMCs was increased compared with control group. 3. In the experiment groups treated with ELP(Eclipta prostrata) Herbal-Acupuncture, the pulmonary colony number of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma was decreased significantly compared with control group. 4. In the experiment groups treated with ELP(Eclipta prostrata)Herbal-Acupuncture, MST(Median Survival Time) and ILS(Increase of Life Span) of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma were increased significantly compared with control group.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.63-84
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• 2004

Objective & Methods : To study the effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement of herbal-acupuncture with Eclipta prostrata diffusae herba infusion solution(ELP-HAS), we injected ELP-HAS into Chung-wan(CV12) of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma. We have reached the following conclusion through the effect on the percentage of $CD25^+/CD4^+$, $CD8^+/CD3e^+$, $CD69^+/B220^+$, $NK1.1^+/CD3e^+$cells in mouse PBMCs, the effect on the pulmonary colony formation number, and the effect on MST(Median Survival Time) and ILS(Increase of Life Span) of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma. Results : The results were obtained as follows : 1. In the experiment groups treated with ELP(Ecliptae Herba) Herbal acupuncture, the spleen cell proliferation in BALB/c mouse was significantly increased compared with control group. 2. In the experiment groups treated with ELP(Ecliptae Herba) Herbal acupuncture, the percentage of $CD25^+/CD4^+$, $CD8^+/CD3e^+$, $CD69^+/B220^+$, $NK1.1^+/CD3e^+$cells in C57BL/6 mouse PBMCs was increased compared with control group. 3. In the experiment groups treated with ELP(Ecliptae Herba) Herbal acupuncture, the pulmonary colony formation number of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma was decreased significantly compared with control group. 4. In the experiment groups treated with ELP(Ecliptae Herba) Herbal acupuncture, MST(Median Survival Time) and ILS(Increase of Life Span) of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma were increased significantly compared with control group. Conclusions : ELP Herbal acupuncture injection into Chung-wan(CV12) of C57BL/6 mice is considered to be effective in anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement.