• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.21-30
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• 2008

The psychosocial stress and musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) have been one of major health problems for hospital workers. This study tried to understand the relationship between symptoms associated with MSDs and risk factors such as working posture, job stress, psychosocial stress and fatigue. A total number of 655 hospital workers participated in this study. Specifically, REBA was applied for evaluating working posture and a checklist prepared by KOSHA(Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency) was used for symptom survey. A questionnaire from KOSHA was also used for collecting data associated with job stress, psychosocial stress and fatigue. All these data were formulated and modeled by path analysis which was one of major statistical tools in this study. Specifically, path analysis for the data we collected came up with several major findings. The risk scores from working posture based on REBA had indirect effects via fatigue factor(MFS) as well as direct effects on symptoms. The factors associated with job stress (KOSS) and psychosocial stress(PWI-SF) had significant effects on symptoms. Specifically, indirect effect of job stress factors via fatigue factors(MFS) had bigger than that of direct effect of job stress on symptom.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.8-14
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• 2018

In the industrial chemical process involving combustible materials, reliable safety data are required for design prevention, protection and mitigation measures. The accurate combustion properties are necessary to safely treatment, transportation and handling of flammable substances. The combustion parameters necessary for process safety are lower flash point, upper flash point, fire point, lower explosion limit(LEL), upper explosion limit(UEL)and autoignition temperature(AIT) etc.. However, the combustion properties suggested in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) are presented differently according to the literatures. In the chemical industries, tetralin which is widely used as a raw material of intermediate products, coating substances and rubber chemicals was selected. For safe handling of tetralin, the lower and flash point, the fire point, and the AIT were measured. The LEL and UEL of tetralin were calculated using the lower and upper flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of tetralin by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $70^{\circ}C$ and $76^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of tetralin using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $78^{\circ}C$ and $81^{\circ}C$, respectively. The AIT of the measured tetralin by the ASTM E659 apparatus was measured at $380^{\circ}C$. The LEL and UEL of tetralin measured by Setaflash closed-cup tester at $70^{\circ}C$ and $109^{\circ}C$ were calculated to be 1.02 vol% and 5.03 vol%, respectively. In this study, it was possible to predict the LEL and the UEL by using the lower and upper flash point of tetralin measured by Setasflash closed-cup tester. A new prediction method for the ignition delay time by the ignition temperature has been developed. It is possible to predict the ignition delay time at different ignition temperatures by the proposed model.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.395-401
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• 2011

Objective: This study examined the effects of working chair that was developed for farmers who work in grapevine's cluster thinning. Background: Agricultural work involves some of the nation's highest occupational risk exposures. Fruit cultivation has been recognized as one of the most hazardous crops in which to work. Grapevine cluster thinning task involve activities related to the main risk factors associated with upper limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Method: An experiment was designed to test the working chair. Six healthy male($25.8{\pm}4.9years$) were selected as the subjects for this study. Electromyography(EMG) was used to monitor the muscles activity, and Electro-goniometer was used to measure the ranges of motions of the elbow, trunk and knee. Subjective test was also carried out to examine discomfort body parts and their pain intensity. A grapevine's working space was built for the experiment and working chair was installed on it. In order to examine the muscle activity and range of motion, subjects used to the working chair for 30 minutes for each experimental condition. Another test without working chair was also performed for comparison. %MVC was used to quantify the level of muscle activity. Results: Decreases of muscle activity was found in all leg muscles and significant decrease of muscle activity was found in left Gastrocnemius. The range of motion of the trunk and knee also decreased when working chair used. Discomfort in lower back, thigh and shank region were reduced significantly. However, in upper limbs muscle activity tended to increase in working chair compared with conventional task. Conclusion: Improvement for cushion in seat back and pan required to reduce discomfort in buttocks. Application: Overall findings verified that the working chair might help to prevent upper limb and lower back MSDs based on the current study. These results can be practically used for work improvement for the grapevine growers to prevent MSDs.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 2010

This study tried to focus on nontraditional job that has not been studied in terms of the subjects associated with MSDs(Musculoskeletal Disorders). Specifically, dental procedure was the job to be analyzed in this study. An alternative method as well as a traditional method for viewing teeth while performing simulated dental procedures. Four graduated students did both methods(direct view and indirect view) as the subjects in this study. The method based on indirect view used a video camera and monitor to view the teeth. The experiment was conducted five times for each subject. The major findings in this study were as follows; 1) Job speed was increased with the repetitions for both methods, 2) Difference of Neck flexion between direct and indirect methods was statistically siginificant(Neck flexion for indirect method was dramatically decreased), 3) Difference of job speed between direct and indirect methods was statistically significant(Job speed for direct method was faster than that of indirect method), 4) Difference of error rate between direct and indirect methods was statistically significant(error rate for direct method was lower than that of indirect method), 5) Even though indirect method did not provide better performance in terms of job speed and error rate yet, it seemed to need a trade-off between two methods in the future since indirect method provided better working postures than that of direct method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.191-199
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• 2012

Objectives: The study aim was to evaluate the application of a chemical exposure assessment tool for the Korean workplace. The Ministry of Employment and Labor in Korea (KMOEL) introduced the need for workplace risk assessments in 2011, requiring the Korean chemical industry to consider both domestic and international chemical regulation policies (e.g., estimations of exposure scenarios). Exposure scenarios are required in the European Union as part of material safety data sheets (MSDS) under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) system. Methods: Although many programs for the estimation of exposure have been developed worldwide, to date there is no standard for the Korean workplace. To develop programs suitable for the Korean workplace, we examined the applicability of the European Center for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals target risk assessment (ECETOC TRA), which is recommended by the European Chemical Agency (ECHA). Results: To investigate the applicability of the ECETOC TRA to Korean industry, this study simulated 15 industrial processes. The predicted respiratory exposures for four processes using origin input parameters were underestimated compared to the measured respiratory exposure. Using calibrated input parameters, results for two processes were underestimated compared to the measured respiratory exposure. This result suggests that the use of calibrated input parameters reduces the differences between predicted and measured respiratory exposure. Conclusions: we developed applicable exposure estimating method by modifying the ECETOC TRA program; one suggested the development of exposure estimating program that explains Korea domestic workplace exposure scenario.This study will support the introduction of exposure scenario in MSDS system and protect health of worker from hazardous chemical.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.7 no.4 s.21
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• pp.30-35
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• 2003

Product liability(PL) law imposes the liability on manufacturer or wholesaler when the product defects cause harm to consumers of the products or any other parties in their lives, bodies, or properties. In Korea, the law of product liability was enforced in July 2002. In this study the Product Liability Response System of chemical products was developed by using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis(FMEA). For a case study peformed for N,N-Dimethylethylamine. First, product information was gathered through Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)and which considered as an instruction manual of chemical product. And an effect caused by product defects is analyzed by FMEA to get Risk Priority Number(RPN) which is calculated by multiplying of severity, occurrence, and detection of the defects. Then hazard was estimated quantitatively by RPN.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2023

Objectives: The handling of carcinogenic, mutagenic or reproductive toxic (CMR) materials in paint-related products used by automobile maintenance companies in Busan was investigated and its characteristics were analyzed. Methods: MSDS for paint-related chemical products used by automobile repair companies in Busan were collected and the manufacturers, product uses, names of chemical substances in each component, CAS numbers, content, and more were listed. Results: As a result of collecting MSDS on 4,800 kinds of products handled in the painting process of automobile repair companies in Busan and comparing them with the latest toxic information database, 60 out of a total of 438 substances were found as CMR materials. Seven carcinogens (1A), including quartz, benzene, formaldehyde, and hexavalent chromium, were present. Two reproductive toxic 1A substances were included: hexavalent chromium in paint pigments and lead. Conclusions: Most of the products (95.5%) were found to contain at least of one CMR component, so it was judged that a study on exposure assessment of CMR substances by automobile maintenance workers is needed in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the levels of exposure to organic compounds during aircraft disinfection and seat cover replacement operations. Methods: According to the working schedule, organic compounds were collected using activated carbon tubes and then analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MSD. Results: In the disinfection task, the main substances listed in the material safety data sheet (MSDS) of the disinfectant were not detected. However, 1-bromopropane, which had been used in the previous task of replacing seat covers, was detected at a level of 2.37 ppm at the measurement time. During seat cover replacement, bonding workers were exposed to 2.48 ppm on an eight-hour time-weighted average, and seat cover replacement workers were exposed to 0.22 ppm. Conclusions: It is necessary to ensure the reliability of MSDS. A work environment management system is necessary when different companies alternate working in the same place.

• The Safety technology
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• no.36
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• pp.8-11
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• 2000

최근(2000. 11월)미국에서는 근골격계 장애(MSDs ; Musculoskeletal disorfers)를 방지하기 위해 직업안전보건청 (OSHA : Occupational Safety and Health Administration)에서는 인간공학 프로그램표준(Ergonomis program standard)을 규정화하기 위해 관보(Federal Register)에 게시하는 등 법제화 추진이 이루어지고 있으며, 또한 이것이 기업체 단체에서는 규정화 무효를 위한 연방법정 소송이 전개되고 있으며 노동단체에서는 우호적 입장을 보이고 있는 등의 내용이 미국 언론 및 해외 통신(NY Times, LA Times, Washington Times, Wall ST Journal, AFP)에 보도되고 있다. 이미 미국의 반도체 기업에서는 반도체 제조설비의 인간공학을 위한 안전 지침을 정하고 있는 등 인간공학 표준화가 이루어지고 있어 그에 대한 동향을 살펴보고, 이러한 인간공학 프로그램 표준에 대해 자세한 내용을 게제할 계획이다. 금번 호에서는 그 동향과 인간공학 프로그램 표준의 필요성과 그 목적 등의 개요를 싣고 계속해서 구체적인 내용을 소개해 나갈 계획이다.

• Proceedings of the Society of Korea Industrial and System Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.63-68
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• 2002

This study performed to evaluated musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) during sitting work. The musculskeletal system is affected by various work factors such as strength, weight, posture, repetition, duration and exertion. Ergonomic study on sitting work is necessary to evaluate these factors affecting human body. But the strength and work load data by the work factors are insufficient in Korea. Therefore, this study evaluated the work load using the elcctromyogram(EMG) and measured the arm strength by arm posture and push pull work during sitting work. to evaluated muscle load, the vertical height and horizontal angle of arm were adjusted around acromion. And EMG data were recorded on pc during the test.