• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.117-129
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• 2004

Amitrole in environment, difficult to be analyzed by GC or GC/MS due to high polarity and low volatility, was analyzed by LC/ESI/MS in the study. Maximum peak intensity of amitrole in LC/MS/ESI mass spectrum is m/z 85 of protonated molecular ion $(M+H)^+$ with 30V of cone voltage at SIR mode. It was confirmed that ratios between main ion of amitrole, 85 of protonated molecular ion, and m/z 58 fragmented ion of amitrole, had increased corresponding with the increment of cone voltage from 20V to 70V. The isotope molecular weight of amitrole was $86([M+H])^+$ at LC/MS analysis and the mass spectrum ratio between 85 mass and 86 mass was not different by the change of concentration but similar to theoretical ratio(less than 10% standard deviation).The linearity of standard calibration curve under same condition with sample treatment method had $y=1.09354e^6X+26947.2$ and $r^2=0.99$. Recovery rates in water and soil samples were 77.64~83.44% and 71.11~79.44%, respectively. Reliability of the analysis was performed with 5 repeated measurements at each level of standard concentration and the result showed that relative standard deviation was less than 10%; therefore, the extraction and analysis method in the study suggested that it would be reliable to measure amitrole in water and soil media.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.273-276
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• 2001

In order to develop effective acclimatization methods for Aralia elata plantlets regenerated from somatic embryos, various acclimatizing conditions were compared regarding both survival rate and growth of the plantlets. The plantlets were transplanted into plastic boxes containing artificial soil in the presence of either several levels of MS liquid media, distilled water, 2% sucrose or 0.1% hyponex solution. They were then cultured by spraying of distilled water twice a week and maintained in the normal tissue culture room. Perlite was proved to be better than vermiculite on survival rate and growth of the plantlets. As the size of perlite (larger than 0.2 cm in diameter) increased, both the survival rate and growth of the plantlets improved. Among the various MS liquid media and different aqueous solutions tested, distilled water appeared to result in the best survival rate and growth. MS media were also effective in increasing survival rate and supporting growth when diluted to 1/4 and/or 1/8. The acclimatized plantlets could be transplanted directly onto the nursery bed and grown normally. The above results suggest that plantlets regenerated from somatic embryos of Aralia elata be effectively acclimatized using a plastic box containing perlite with distilled water treatment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 1984

This study was undertaken to know the possibility of in vitro propagation of Stevia through axillary bud culture and the results indicated that: (1) Addition of NAA (0.01-0.05 mg/l) alone on Murashige-Skoog basal medium promoted shoot differentiation and growth rate. And also additional of kinetin of 0.5-1.0 mg/1 alone showed the same trend as that of NAA: (2) Addition of both NAA (0.01-0.05 mg/l) and kinetin (0.5-1.0mg/l) to MS medium promoted better shoot formation. (3) Shoot differentiation and growth were better on the full salt strength of MS medium (1X MS) than that of half strength ( $\frac{1}{2}$MS), while their effects were reversed for root differentiation

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diode laser & desensitizing agents to overcome hypersensitizing root surfaces problem after periodontal treatment. 20 patients(60 teeth) presented were volunteered in this study. Diode laser & MS coat was respectively applied on hypersensitizing root surfaces after periodontal treatments. Following application they were evaluated immediately. The results were as follows: 1. The frequency and degree of root surface hypersensitivity levels were measured by the sequence of tactile and air stream. 2. Reduction of root surfaces hypersensitivity by tactile were for Diode laser and Ms coat application respectively $3.0294{\pm}2.0224$ and $3.2692{\pm}1.6139$. 3. Reduction of root surfaces hypersensitivity by air stream were for Diode laser and Ms coat apapplication respectively $3.0294{\pm}2.0224$ and $2.2692{\pm}1.6139$. 4, It could be said that Diode Laser and Ms coat application were significantly effective in reducing dentin hypersensitivity as far as concerned effect, Ms coat applicatio showed more effective than Diode laser. In conclusion, both methods were significantly effective in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity. Therefore, it was recommended that Diode laser and desensitizing agents could be used routinely for patients dentinal hypersensitivity following periodontal treatment.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.198-203
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• 2007

The analysis method of 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) compound in water was developed using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Aqueous solution was controlled in strong basic condition with sodium hydroxide, and then $25{\mu}L$ of benzoyl chloride was added to the solution for the derivatization of 3-MCPD. The derivative was extracted using pentane and analyzed by the selected ion monitoring (SIM) method of LC-MS. The results of analyses showed that the calibration curves was in the range of 1.0 to $100{\mu}g/mL$ with a good linearity (correlation coefficient of $r^2=0.992$) and limit of detection was below $0.01{\mu}g/mL$. The recoveries of this analysis method by LC-MS were 92.3-98.0 %.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.177-185
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• 2013

Objectives : Leejung-tang (Lizhong-tang) has been used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in Korea. In this study, we performed quantification analysis of five marker components, liquiritin, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, glycyrrhizin, and 6-gingerol in Leejung-tang using a ultra performance liquid chromatography- electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer (UPLC-ESI-MS). In addition, we evaluated antioxidant activity of Leejung- tang. Methods : The column for separation of five constituents used a UPLC BEH C18 ($100{\times}2.1mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) maintained at $45^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase consisted of two solvent systems, 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in H2O (A) and CH3CN (B) by gradient flow. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min with detection at mass spectrometer. The antioxidative activities conduct an experiment on 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of Leejung-tang. Results : Calibration curves of five marker compounds were acquired with r2 values > 0.99. The amount of the five compounds in Leejung-tang were 0.07 - 0.84 mg/g. The concentration required for 50% reduction (RC50) against ABTS radical was 119.02 ug/mL. In addition, the scavenging against DPPH radical of Leejung-tang was 11.4%, 14.5%, 19.8%, 29.6%, and 49.2% at 25 ug/mL, $50{\mu}g/mL$, $100{\mu}g/mL$, $200{\mu}g/mL$, and $400{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Conclusions : The established LC-MS/MS method will be helpful to improve quality control of Leejung-tang. In addition, Leejung-tang is a potential antioxidant therapeutic agent.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.367-374
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• 2007

This study was carried out to establish the micropropagation system of Bupleurum latissimum Nakai that is a Korean native endangered species. Callus were induced from the leaf, petiole and floral bud and the percentage of callus formation was highest in the floral bud on the MS medium containing 2.0 mg ${\cdot}$ $L^{-1}$ 2,4-D. Especially, callus induced from floral bud was formed 77.8% and the percentage of shoot formation was 42.6% on the MS medium containing 2.0 mg ${\cdot}$ $L^{-1}$ 2,4-D plus 1.0 mg ${\cdot}$ $L^{-1}$ TDZ. For simultaneously callus formation and shoot regeneration, 1/2 MS medium was more effective than MS medium. The percentage callus formation, shoot regeneration and rooting were 46.3%, 13.0%, 13.0% in 1/2 MS medium, respectively. Soot regeneration from callus was good in 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg ${\cdot}$ $L^{-1}$ 2,4-D plus 1.0 mg ${\cdot}$ $L^{-1}$ BA where percentage of shoot regeneration was 74.1 %, and the number of shoot per explant was 2.4. The percentage of rooting was lowest (57.8%) in control while it was highest (97.8%) in 1.5 mg ${\cdot}$ $L^{-1}$ NAA. In acclimatization of regenerated plantlets, the percentage of survived plantlets was highest (86.1%), and plant height, root length and fresh weight were good in the soil for horticulture.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 2018

Pyungwi-san has been used to treat the digestive system diseases, physconia, nausea, anorexia, and dyspepsia in Korea. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was optimized for simultaneous determination of the 14 marker components, spinosin, liquiritirn apioside, liquiritin, narirutin, 6'''-feruloylspinosin, hesperidin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizin, 6-gingerol, atractylenolide III, honokiol, atractylenolide II, magnolol, and atractylenolide I in Pyungwi-san extract. All analytes were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) with maintained at $45^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile. The MS conditions were as follows: capillary voltage 3.3 kV, extractor voltage 3.0 V, RF lens voltage 0.3 V, source temperature $120^{\circ}C$, desolvation temperature $300^{\circ}C$, desolvation gas 600 L/h, cone gas 50 L/h and collision gas 0.14 mL/min. The coefficient of determination of 14 analytes was 0.9989-1.0000. The limits of detection and quantification values of the all analytes were 0.04-2.56 and 0.13-7.69 ng/mL, respectively. As a result of the analysis using the established LC-ESI-MS/MS method, the 5 components, spinosin, 6'''-feruloylspinosin, atractylenolide III, II, and I derived from Zizyphi Fructus and Atractylodis Rhizoma, were not detected in this extract. On the other hand, the 9 components except for the 5 components were 4.15-498.87 mg/kg in lyophilized Pyungwi-san extract. Among these components, glycyrrhizin, marker compound of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, was detected the most amount as a 498.87 mg/kg.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.320-328
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• 2017

Yongdamsagan-tang has been used to treat the urinary disorders, acute- and chronic-urethritis, and cystitis in Korea. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was established for simultaneous analysis of the 20 bioactive marker compounds, geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid, geniposide, liquiritin apioside, acteoside, calceolarioside B, liquiritin, nodakenin, baicalin, liquiritigenin, wogonoside, baicalein, glycyrrhizin, wogonin, glycyrrhizin, wogonin, saikosaponin A, decursin, decursinol angelate, alisol B, alisol B acetate, and pachymic acid in traditional herbal formula, Yongdamsagan-tang. Chromatographic separations of all marker compounds were conducted using a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) at $45^{\circ}C$ using a mobile phase of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile with gradient elution. The MS analysis was performed using a Waters ACQUITY TQD LC-MS/MS coupled with an electrospray ionization source in the positive and negative modes. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min and injection volume was $2.0{\mu}L$. The correlation coefficient of 20 marker compounds in the test ranges was 0.9943-1.0000. The limits of detection and quantification values of the all marker components were 0.11-6.66 and 0.34-19.99 ng/mL, respectively. As a result of the analysis using the optimized LC-ESI-MS/MS method, three compounds, geniposidic acid (from Plantaginis Semen), alisol B (from Alismatis Rhizoma), and pachymic acid (from Poria Sclerotium), were not detected in this sample. While the amounts of the 17 compounds except for the geniposidic acid, alisol B, and pachymic acid were $0.04-548.13{\mu}g/g$ in Yongdamsagan-tang sample. Among these compounds, baicalin, bioactive marker compound of Scutellariae Radix, was detected at the highest amount as a $548.13{\mu}g/g$.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 2001

When root initiation ratio of cut Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) stems was examined in several medium conditions containing different IBA concentration, most higher root initiation ratio was confirmed at 1.0 mg/$\ell$ of IBA and the ratio was 37.5%. When cut Italian ryegrass stems were treated in cold chamber at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 40 days and incubated in growth chamber at 26$^{\circ}C$ for 1 month, the root iniation result was 0.0% at MS-0 medium, 8.3% at MS-0.5IBA medium, 37.5% at MS-1.0IBA medium, 16.7% at MS-1.5IBA medium and 12.5% at MS-2.0IBA medium.