• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.449-457
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• 2021

The aim of the present study was to survey the frequency of inducible and constitutive phenotypes and inducible cross-resistant genes by regulating the methylation of 23S rRNA (ermA, ermB, and ermC) and macrolide efflux-related msrA gene in Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis strains. A total of 172 bacterial isolates (identified based on standard tests), were examined in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method, and all isolates were evaluated with respect to inducible and constitutive phenotypes. The presence of ermA, ermB, ermC, and msrA genes was investigated by a PCR assay. The constitutive resistance phenotypes showed a higher distribution among the isolates. R phenotype was detected more among S. epidermidis isolates (46.25%). ermB, ermC, and msrA genes were detected more in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) isolates that had R and HD phenotypes (>77% strains). The ermA gene had the lowest frequency among MRSA, MRSE, MSSA, and MSSE strains (<14% isolates). Distribution of inducible resistance genes in MRSA and MRSE strains, and possibly other species, leads to increased constitutive resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, and other similar antibiotics. Therefore, it can be challenging to treat infections caused by these resistant strains.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.180-184
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• 2001

MRSI is the staphylococcal infection having resistance to the methicillin which is semisynthetic penicillinase-resistant agents against penicillinase. These infections are very difficult to treat because they have resistance to almost every antibiotics except for vancomycin. We experienced MRSE(methicilline-resistant staphylococcal epidermis) infected 56 years old man who developed 2 months after arthroplasty for TMJ ankylosis and MRSA(methicilline-resistant staphylococcal aureus) infected 59 years old man who was performed arthroplasty far traumatic TMJ disc displacement.

• Yonsei Medical Journal
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• v.59 no.9
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• pp.1115-1122
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• 2018

Purpose: To investigate biomechanical properties of the cornea using a dynamic Scheimpflug analyzer according to age. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, cross-sectional, observational study, participants underwent ophthalmic investigations including corneal biomechanical properties, keratometric values, intraocular pressure (IOP), and manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE). We determined the relationship of biomechanical parameters and ocular/systemic variables (participant's age, MRSE, IOP, and mean keratometric values) by piecewise regression analysis, association of biomechanical parameters with variables by Spearman's correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses, and reference intervals (RI) by the bootstrap method. Results: This study included 217 eyes of 118 participants (20-81 years of age). Piecewise regression analysis between Corvis-central corneal thickness (CCT) and participant's age revealed that the optimal cut-off value of age was 45 years. No clear breakpoints were detected between the corneal biomechanical parameters and MRSE, IOP, and mean keratometric values. Corneal velocity, deformation amplitude, radius, maximal concave power, Corvis-CCT, and Corvis-IOP exhibited correlations with IOP, regardless of age (all ages, 20-44 years, and over 44 years). With smaller deformation amplitude and corneal velocity as well as increased CorvisIOP and Corvis-CCT, IOP became significantly increased. We provided the results of determination of confidence interval from RI data using bootstrap method in three separate age groups (all ages, 20-44 years, and over 44 years). Conclusion: We demonstrated multiple corneal biomechanical parameters according to age, and reported that the corneal biomechanical parameters are influenced by IOP.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.224-227
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• 2012

시계열 데이터 검색은 금융, 생명정보 등 많은 분야에서 요구되는 주요한 기술로서 연구되어 왔다. 특히 기존에 제안된 스케일링(Scaling)과 쉬프팅(Shifting)을 이용한 검색인 SE Match는 유사 서브시퀀스를 효과적으로 찾아내는 방법으로 알려지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이 방법에 맵리듀스를 적용하는 MRSE-검색 (MapReduce-based Searching with Shift-Eliminated)방법을 제안한다. 본 논문이 제안하는 방법으로 분산처리를 통하여 응답시간의 개선과 대용량의 시계열 데이터에서 효율적인 검색이 가능 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the result of arthroscopic treatment in septic knee arthritis and evaluate the prognostic factor over 50 years old. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two patients were treated by arthroscope for septic knee arthritis from January, 2002 to August, 2005. The mean follow-up period was 27.5months. We assessed Lysholm score as functional result, CRP normalized period as laboratory result, and knee range of motion as clinical result. We evaluated patient's age, underlying disease, causative organism, previous knee status (Kellgren stage), clinical status of septic arthritis (G$\ddot{a}$chter stage) and history of intra-articular injection as prognostic factor. Results: Mean Lysholm score was improved from 40.7 to 67.1. And the mean CRP normalized period was 38.7days. At last follow-up, almost patient (92%) were recovered to prior knee full range of motion and 45 patient (74%) were completely cured by one stage operation. The microorganism isolated were MSSA (n=13), MSSE (n=3), MRSA/MRSE (n=4),no microorganism (n=27) and others (n=5). In Lysholm score, young age (42.8(preop.)$\rightarrow$83.5(postop.)), Kellgren stage 0 ($45.5{\rightarrow}84.2$), G$\ddot{a}$chter stage I ($39.3{\rightarrow}73.1$) and no microorganism (442.1{\rightarrow}72.6$) were more increased than old age (439.3{\rightarrow}61.7$), Kellgren IV ($28.3{\rightarrow}43.7$), G$\ddot{a}$chter stage IV ($40.2{\rightarrow}67.1$) and MRSA/MRSE ($40{\rightarrow}58.75$). In case of old age (42.3days), G$\ddot{a}$chter stage IV (55.5), Kellgren stage IV(43.7), DM patient (42.1) and intra-articular injection history (52.1), the CRP titer normalized period was longer than mean period. MRSA/MRSE(n=3,75%) were not normalized in CRP titer at last follow-up. Conclusion: Arthroscopic treatment of septic knee would be an effective and satisfactory procedure. Age, previous knee status (Kellgren stage), underlying disease (DM), intra-articular injection history, microorganism and Ga¨chter stage effect end result outcome.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2013

Staphylococcus aureus is the most important pathogen in nosocomial infections, including bloodstream infections. Prompt identification of S. aureus from blood cultures and detection of methicillin resistance are essential in cases of suspected sepsis. We have studied a new method for the sequence-specific visual detection of minute amounts of nucleic acids using intercalating reaction by addition of SYBR Green to amplicons of LAMP, and it's a unique gene amplification method in which DNA can be isothermally amplified using only one enzyme. Staphylococcus-LAMP, which targets the spa gene, encoding S.aureus-specific protein A, and the mecA gene, encoding penicillin-binding protein-2' for methicillin resistance, detected MRSA and MRSE. In this study, by using LAMP assay, I detected for Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis concentration in the clinical sample. The detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was tested by using serial 10-fold dilutions standard solution. I have accurate detected the limit of detection, sensitity, specificity and reproducibility of the assay. The Bio-chip based LAMP assay allowed easy, rapid, accurate and sensitive detection of infection with Staphylococcus and especially applicable in a resource-limited situation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.307-310
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• 2008

Limited therapeutic options are available for vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (VISE) infections and no optimum therapy has been established. We report a case of VISE skull osteomyelitis that was successfully treated with linezolid. The patient was a 53-year-old man who presented with headache, nausea and dysphasia. Brain computerized tomography (CT) demonstrated a subdural hematoma in the left hemisphere. Craniotomy and hematoma evacuation was performed and he showed good recovery despite a scalp wound infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The organism isolated from the scalp wound was sensitive to vancomycin. The patient was treated with intravenous vancomycin for 44 days. However, he showed a high fever, persistent positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) blood cultures, and a deteriorating clinical status. He underwent infected skull bone flap removal and linezolid treatment for 35 days. During one year of follow up, he has not had any further episodes of osteomyelitis or fever. Linezolid has shown to be effective agent to eradiate osteomyelitis caused by VISE.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.2082-2102
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• 2018

In recent years, social network related applications such as WeChat, Facebook, Twitter and so on, have attracted hundreds of millions of people to share their experience, plan or organize, and attend social events with friends. In these operations, plenty of valuable information is accumulated, which makes an innovative approach to explore users' preference and overcome challenges in traditional recommender systems. Based on the study of the existing social network recommendation methods, we find there is an abundant information that can be incorporated into probability matrix factorization (PMF) model to handle challenges such as data sparsity in many recommender systems. Therefore, the research put forward a unified social network recommendation framework that combine tags, trust between users, ratings with PMF. The uniformed method is based on three existing recommendation models (SoRecUser, SoRecItem and SoRec), and the complexity analysis indicates that our approach has good effectiveness and can be applied to large-scale datasets. Furthermore, experimental results on publicly available Last.fm dataset show that our method outperforms the existing state-of-art social network recommendation approaches, measured by MAE and MRSE in different data sparse conditions.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.393-399
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• 2008

Purpose: Chronic infected wounds sustained over 4 weeks with exposed tendon or bone are difficult challenges to plastic surgeons. Vacuum assisted closure (VAC) device has been well used for the management of chronic wounds diminishing wound edema, reducing bacterial colonization, promoting formation of granulation tissue and local blood flow by negative pressure to wounds. But Commercial ready-made VAC device might have some difficulties to use because of its high expenses and heavy weight. So we modified traditional VAC device with silver dressing materials as topical therapeutic agents for control of superimposed bacterial wound infection such as MRSA, MRSE and peudomonas. Methods: We designed the modified VAC device using wall suction, 400 cc Hemovac and combined slow release silver dressing materials. We compared 5 consecutive patients' data treated by commercial ready-made VAC device(Group A) with 11 consecutive patients' data treated by modified VAC device combined with silver dressing materials(group B) from September 2004 to June 2007. Granulation tissue growth, wound discharge, wound culture and wound dressing expenses were compared between the two groups. Results: In comparison of results, no statistical differences were identified in reducing rate of wound size between group A and B. Wound discharge was significantly decreased in both groups. Modified VAC device with silver dressing materials showed advantages of convenience, cost effectiveness and bacterial reversion. Conclusion: In combination of modified VAC device and silver dressing materials, our results demonstrated the usefulness of managing chronic open wounds superimposed bacterial infection, cost effectiveness compared with traditional VAC device and improvement of patient mobility.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 1996

The in vitro activity of LB20304 was evaluated against clinical isolates and compared with those of Q-35, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, lomefloxacin and ofloxacin. LB20304 demonstrated 16-to 64-fold more potent activity than ciprofloxacin against gram-positive bacteria. LB20304 inhibited 90% of the isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA) at a concentration of $0.016\mug/ml\; (MIC_{90}). MIC_{90}$ values of LB20304 against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis (MSSE), methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) and Streptococcus pneumoniae were $2\mug/ml,\; 0.016\mug/ml,\; 0.5\mug/ml \;and\; 0.031\mug/ml,$ respectively. LB20304 was also very active against gram-negative bacteria. Against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, $MIC_{90}s of\; LB20304 were\; 0.031\mug/ml,\; 0.25\mug/ml,\; 2\mug/ml,\; 8\mug/ml\; and\; 0.5\mug/ml$, respectively. Its activity was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin but much better than those of Q-35, sparfloxacin, ofloxacin and lomefloxacin. LB20304 also exhibited the most potent acitvity among quinolones tested against laboratory standard strains, ofloxacin-resistant strains, .betha.-lactamase-producing strains and anaerobic strains. The inhibitory effect$ (IC_{50)$ of LB20304 on DNA gyrase from Micrococcus luteus, determined by the supercoiling assay, was 8-fold more potent than that of ciprofloxacin. LB20304 did not induce topoisomerase-associated DNA cleavage even at a concentration of 10 mg/ml, although ciprofloxacin induced DNA cleavage at a concentration of 1 mg/ml.