• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.280-287
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• 2004

We investigated the residual amounts of endosulfan and procymidone taken by vegetables grown in hydroponics culture and field conditions treated with the pesticides in order to evaluate safe cultivation concentration of the pesticides in the vegetables. Endosulfan and procymidone were selected as test pesticides because they have been reported to frequently detect in agricultural products at different concentrations. In hydroponic culture, by Chinese cabbage, procymidone was absorbed 3.8 times higher than endosulfan. The higher the pesticide concentration get, the worse the plant grew. In soil treated with 10 mg/kg of endosulfan, the pesticide absorbed by Leafy radish, Chinese cabbage and radish was less then their MRLs. In case of carlot, the residue level in soil which did not exceed its MRL was 1 mg/kg. The concentrations of procymidone in soil which did not exceed the MRLs in Leafy radish, Chinese cabbage, radish and carrot were 10, 10, 2 and 1 mg/kg, respectively Usually aged endosulfan and procymidone residues were less absorbed into crops than the fresh ones. Chinese cabbage absorbed more endosulfan and pocymidone than leafy radish, radish doing more than carrot.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.447-451
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• 2020

For this study, we conducted a simultaneous multiresidue analysis of veterinary drugs in cultured fishery products in Chungnam Province in 2018. A total of 115 fishery product samples were obtained from fish farms and fishery production sites located in the province. In all, 29 residual veterinary drugs in the samples were analyzed using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. As a result, veterinary drug residues were only detected in a small number of the 106 samples (92.2%), and the detection rate was 7.8% (9 of 115 samples). The amounts were also below maximum residual limit (MRL) for fishery products, although one sample exceeded the MRL allowed by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and was detected in loach. The nine residual veterinary drugs were detected in 8 samples: loach, eel, catfish, freshwater bream, flatfish, rockfish and shrimp. The detected veterinary drugs were oxolinic acid, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sulfadiazine, flumequine and oxytetracycline. The most frequently detected antibiotic was oxolinic acid, and enrofloxacin exceeded the MRL in loach sample. Residues of most veterinary drugs were either not detected or were below the MRL, and while the status of fishery products is seen as safe overall, current surveillance efforts over veterinary drugs should be continued.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.147-160
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• 2020

A stochastic probabilistic model for harbor structures such as rubble-mound breakwater has been formulated by using the generalized Wiener process considering the nonlinearity of damage drift and its nonlinear uncertainty, by which the damage path with real-time can be tracked, the residual useful lifetime at some age can also be analyzed properly. The formulated stochastic model can easily calculate the probability of failure with the passage of time through the probability density function of cumulative damage. In particular, the probability density functions of residual useful lifetime of the existing harbor structures can be derived, which can take into account the current age, its present damage state and the future damage process to be occurred. By using the maximum likelihood method and the least square method together, the involved parameters in the stochastic model can be estimated. In the calibration of the stochastic model presented in this paper, the present results are very well similar with the results of MCS about tracking of the damage paths as well as evaluating of the density functions of the cumulative damage and the residual useful lifetime. MTTF and MRL are also evaluated exactly. Meanwhile, the stochastic probabilistic model has been applied to the rubble-mound breakwater. The related parameters can be estimated by using the experimental data of the cumulative damages of armor units measured as a function of time. The theoretical results about the probability density function of cumulative damage and the probability of failure are very well agreed with MCS results such that the density functions of the cumulative damage tend to move to rightward and the amounts of its uncertainty are increased as the elapsed time goes on. Thus, the probabilities of failure with the elapsed time are also increased sharply. Finally, the behaviors of residual useful lifetime have been investigated with the elapsed age. It is concluded for rubble-mound breakwaters that the probability density functions of residual useful lifetime tends to have a longer tail in the right side rather than the left side because of the gradual increases of cumulative damage of armor units. Therefore, its MRLs are sharply decreased after some age. In this paper, the special attentions are paid to the relationship of MTTF and MRL and the elapsed age of the existing structure. In spite of that the sum of the elapsed age and MRL must be equal to MTTF deterministically, the large difference has been shown as the elapsed age is increased which is due to the uncertainty of cumulative damage to be occurred in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.248-254
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: In order to elucidate residual characteristics of difenoconazole and thiamethoxam by treatment to sweet persimmons for one year and to generate the data for the maximum residue limit (MRL) establishment for those pesticides in or on sweet persimmon. METHODS AND RESULTS: Systemic fungicide difenoconazole WP (10% a.i.) and systemic insecticide thiamethoxam WG (10% a.i.) were sprayed onto 12~25-years-old sweet persimmons according to its preharvest interval (PHI), respectively, and then fresh sweet persimmons were harvested at 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 days after treatment from pesticide-sprayed plots at each 3 sites. The analytical methods were evaluated to limit of quantification, linearity, specificity, reproducibility and recoveries. The crop samples were extracted with acetone and performed dichloromethane partition process. The extracted samples of difenoconazole were analyzed by GC-ECD and the thiamethoxam extracted samples were analyzed by HPLC with good sensitivity and selectivity of the method. The average recoveries of difenoconazole ranged from 87.5 to 99.5% with the percentage of coefficient variation in the range 4.1~7.6% at three different spiking levels(0.02, 0.2 and 2.0 mg/kg). And the average recoveries of thiamethoxam and clothianidin ranged from 88.8 to 98.9% and 83.2 to 96.6% with the percentage of coefficient variation in the range 3.6~5.0% and 3.8~9.4% at three different spiking levels(0.02, 0.2 and 2.0 mg/kg), respectively. The residue amounts ranges of difenoconazole were 0.2~0.56 mg/kg and the residue amount was decreased below the MRL level, 1.0 mg/kg, after 1 day harvest. The residue amounts ranges of thiamethoxam were 0.08~0.28 mg/kg and the residue amount was decreased below the MRL level, 0.5 mg/kg, after 1 day harvest. And the residue amount of clothianidin was below then 0.03 mg/kg for only one test site of 14 and 28 day samples. CONCLUSION: As a result, the residual amounts of difenoconazole and thiamethoxam were not exceeded the MRL of established criteria for sweet persimmon. The biological half-lives of difenoconazole and thiamethoxam were 13.6, 19.4, 16.3 and 10.0, 15.3, 14.0 days at each three test sites, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.237-238
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 빌딩에 적용되는 DC 배전 시스템에서 회생에너지를 고려한 MRL엘리베이터 구동 시스템을 기술 하였다. DC배전용 3상 PWM 컨버터의 직류단을 공유하여 엘리베이터 구동시스템을 구성한다면, 기존AC 배전 시스템에서 발생할 수 있는 문제점 입력단 역률 제어 및 회생에너지를 추가적인 시스템 구성없이 효율적으로 처리가 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 DC 배전용 MLR엘리베이터 구동시스템의 회생동작 및 입력단 역률 제어의 성능을 시뮬레이션을 통하여 검증하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.33-33
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• 2004

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.287-290
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• 1996

To control the maximum residue level (MRL) for sulfamethazine (SMZ) residues in pork tissue, a microbial inhibition method is a regulatory screening assay method in Korea. Microwell plate-based competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) kit is avalable for routine screening of SMZ residues in pork tissue. One ELISA kit is evaluated. Phosphate buffer extracts of samples fortified with SMZ at 0, 1, 5, and 10 ng/g were used in a recovery test of the kit. Market pork samples were assayed by the kit. Recovery of sulfamethazine was 104% at 10 ng/g. Intraassay variations and interassay variations for the kit were 7.70% and 5.76%, respectively. Concentration causing 50% inhibition of color development compared with blanks was 16.4ng. The violative pork samples with over MRL (0.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g) was 4 of 32 cases (12.5%) by used ELISA kit. This result indicates a possibility of the ELISA kit for screening test of SMZ residues in pork tissue, and still needs a comfirmatory assay for mandatory purposes.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.371-375
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• 1998

Twenty-one monoclonal anti-DNA autoantilndies were produced by fusing spleen cells from an autoimmune MRL/lpr mouse with SP2/0 myeloma cells. Hybridomas generated by the fusions were chosen for cloning on the basis of DNA binding by supernatant antibody. Each monoclonal antibody was purified to homogeneity and analyzed for the heavy and light chain isotypes and the binding specificity for single-stranded DNA, double-stranded DNA, and RNA. Sequence specificities and isoelectric points of the antibodies were also examined. All of the antibodies were lgG and tended to bind to both single-stranded and double-stranded DNA with a preference for the double-stranded form. Some of them also bound to RNA. Isoelectric points of the antibodies were shown to be high. The antibodies described in this report have characteristics of pathogenic anti-DNA antibodies.

• Agrochemical news magazine
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• v.24 no.10 s.193
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• pp.6-9
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• 2003

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1487-1498
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• 2016

In monitoring a process, in-control process parameters must be estimated from the Phase I data. When we design the control chart based on the estimated process parameters, the control limits are usually chosen to satisfy a specific in-control average run length (ARL). However, as the run length distribution is skewed when the process is either in-control or out-of-control, the median run length (MRL) can be used as alternative measure instead of the ARL. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of Shewhart $\bar{X}$ chart with estimated parameters in terms of the average of median run length (AMRL) and the standard deviation of MRL (SDMRL) metrics. In simualtion study, the grand sample mean is used as a process mean estimator, and several competing process standard deviation estimators are used to evaluate the in-control performance for various amounts of Phase I data.