• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.4001-4008
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• 1975

The economic evaluation of the feasibility of expanding fully irrgated agriculture in the Ogseo project must consider preproject yields of rice under rainfed and partially irrigated paddy cultivation in order to assess incremental incomes from irrigation. Statistical data on yields available from official sources and field surveys conducted in the project area do not specify whether given unit yields refer to actually cropped or potentially cropped lands. This latter factor obviously affects any evaluation of marginal benefits to be derived from irrigation as the extent of rainfed areas actually cropped varies from year to year according to rain fall at the critical growth periods for low land rice. Although less dependent on direct rainfall, yields from partially irrigated lands are also highly affected by seasonal rainfalls. In this paper on attempt has been made to determine average yield under rainfed and partially irrigated conditions by relating yields to a available water. For rainfed paddy cultivation, the analysis discriminates between effects of rain deficiencies during transplanting and subsquent growth periods. For partially irrigated paddy cultivation, seasonal rainfalls have been considered, implying sufficient storage capacity for supplementary irrigation. The average yield of rainfed paddy has been calculated as 2.11 t/ha and that of partially irrigated paddy as 2.8 t/ha. Assuming even division between these two water supply patterns of areas not fully irrigated, a composite yield of 2.46 t/ha is oftained. This figure will be adopted as the basis for the on-going studies and project evaluation.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.991-1001
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• 2018

In the context of the 4th Industrial Revolution, IoT, Big Data, and VR are rapidly emerging as core sectors of future industries. In particular, the VR has been under the limelight as a new media content appealing to new generation. And the VR user is not merely a 'spectator', but the 'actor'. In other words, the newness of VR is not in the 'more likely representation of the virtual reality', but in the 'making it act more virtual (more technically, 'interactive')' in the virtual world. In this paper, we examine the VR cinema in terms of film composition unit, montage, cinematic space, mise-en-$sc{\grave{e}}ne$ and perspective. The VR cinema, which is in the early stage of evolution, is basically based on $360^{\circ}$ image that strengthens the autonomy of the audience's point of view, but other factors like haptic or sonic immersion are becoming increasingly important. In addition, the VR cinema will be combined with AR, MR, SR, and Interactive technologies, and will expand its horizon as it is produced in various forms. Therefore, it is expected that more detailed viewpoint will be applied in the subsequent study on VR cinema.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.58-61
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• 2012

Various surgical procedures for the treatment of post-traumatic syringomyelia have been introduced recently, but most surgical strategies have been unreliable. We introduce the concept and technique of a new shunting procedure, syringo-subarachnoid-peritoneal shunt. A 54-year-old patient presented to our hospital with a progressive impairment of motion and position sense on the right side. Sixteen years before this admission, he had been treated by decompressive laminectomy for a burst fracture of L1. On his recent admission, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies of the whole spine revealed the presence of a huge syrinx extending from the medulla to the L1 vertebral level. We performed a syringo-subarachnoid-peritoneal shunt, including insertion of a T-tube into the syrinx, subarachnoid space and peritoneal cavity. Clinical manifestations and radiological findings improved after the operation. The syringo-subarachnoid-peritoneal shunt has several advantages. First, fluid can communicate freely between the syrinx, the subarachnoid space, and the peritoneal cavity. Secondly, we can prevent shunt catheter from migrating because dural anchoring of the T-tube is easy. Finally, we can perform shunt revision easily, because only one arm of the T-tube is inserted into the intraspinal syringx cavity. We think that this procedure is the most beneficial method among the various shunting procedures.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.99-102
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• 2009

Inflammatory pseudotumor is an uncommon lesion with unknown etiology characterized by sclerosing inflammation which clinically and radiographically mimics a neoplastic lesion. A 47-year-old man presented with sudden headache and dysarthria. Brain CT scan revealed a $2.6{\times}2.2\;cm$ sized, round, and hyperdense mass in the anterolateral wall of the left lateral ventricular trigone. On MR imaging studies, the mass showed low signal intensity in the wall of the trigone on T2-weighted image, central mixed (iso- and high-) signal intensity with peripheral low-signal intensity on T1-weighted image. Subtle staining of left choroid plexus with irregular shaped distal branch of anterior choroidal artery was found on the cerebral angiography. These findings suggested a small tumorous lesion originated from the left choroid plexus. During the hospital days, the mass manifested as repeated hemorrhages. The mass was successfully removed via left occipital transcortical approach. The histopathological report of the specimen was hemorrhage and fibrosis, with dense lymphoplasma cell infiltration, suggestive of an inflammatory pseudotumor.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fluvastatin on the pharmacokinetics of diltiazem and its active metabolite, desacetyldiltiazem, in rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters of diltiazem and desacetyldiltiazem were deter-mined after an oral administration of diltiazem (15 mg/kg) to rats pretreated with fluvastatin (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg). Compared with the control (given diltiazem alone), the pretreatment of fluvastatin significantly (p<0.05) increased the area under the plasma concentration (AUC), peak plasma concentration $(C_{max})\;and\;K_a$ of diltiazem. Relative bioavailability $(RB\%)$ of diltiazem increased from 1.36- to 1.55-fold. However there were no significant changes in $t_{max},\;K_{el}\;and\;t_{1/2}$ of diltiazem. The pretreatment of fluvastatin also altered the pharmacokintic parameters of desacetyldiltiazem. The pretreatment of fluvastatin (1.5 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) increased the AUC of desacetyldiltiazem, whereas the metabolite parent ratio (MR) of desacetyldiatlazem was decreased significantly (p<0.05), suggesting that fluvastatin might inhibit the metabolism of diltiazem. The pretreatment of fluvastatin enhanced the bioavailability of diltiazem in a dose dependent manner at doses ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg. further studies for the drug Interaction will be needed in the clinical trials when dilitazem is administrated concomitantly with fluvastatin in humans.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.19-34
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• 1998

The author collected and compared midsagittal, coronal, coronal oblique, and transversal images of Korean monophthongs /a, i, e, o, u, i, v/ produced by a healthy male speaker using 1.5 T MR, VISION. Area was measured by computer software after tracing the cross-section at different points along the tract. Results showed that the width of the oral and pharyngeal cavities varied compensatorily from each other on the midsagittal dimension. Formant frequency values estimated from the area functions of the seven vowels showed a strong correlation (r=0.978) with those analyzed from the spoken vowels. Moreover, almost all of 35 students who listened to the synthesized vowels from area data perceived the synthesized vowels as equivalent to the spoken ones. Movement of constriction points of vowel /u/ with wider lip opening sounded /i/ and led to slight changes in vowel quality. Jaw and tongue movement led to major volume variation with an anatomical limitation. Each comer vowel varied systematically from a somewhat constant volume of the average area. Thus, the author proposed that any simulation studies related to vocal tract area variation should reflect its constant volume. The results may be helpful to verify exact measurement of the vocal tract area through vowel synthesis and a simulation study before having any operation of the vocal tract.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.44 no.2 s.109
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• pp.265-280
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• 2005

According to the characteristics of elementary school students in favor of playing games, and to their high energy levels and physical growth states, it is fair to say that students can learn mathematics through 'game playing activities.' These activities are considered to intrigue their interest in class and make them feel less stress from the burden of studying mathematics. Mr. Skemp, who had conducted research on 'game activity' with experimental studies relating to elementary mathematics, recommends that math teachers try to give as many activity-oriented classes as possible to students. The method of 'game activity' by Skemp's operation deals with the whole range of mathematical themes. It is believed by other math teachers that this is not a way to substitute free time or just to have fun in class, but an intentionally well-organized way of learning an entire mathematical course during elementary school. In this research, 5th and 6th grade students needing extra classes after school had been exposed to 'ame activity' by Skemp's operation. As a result, we can figure out its influence on their understanding of arithmetic ability, and on the cognitive definition territory in their minds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.365-366
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• 2002

A novel TEM resonator coil was developed for the imaging of small animals. The functional elements of the TEM resonator were 8 inner conductors, distributed in a cylindrical pattern and connected at the ends with capacitors to the cylindrical outer shield. The TEM resonator coil with cavity elements was robust to the surrounding influences due to the self-shielding structure. The TEM resonator coil with high Q factor could provide high quality MR images at 3.0T MRI system. Also, the TEM resonator coil has an advantage for a fine tune with length adjustment of each cavity elements. Thus, The TEM resonator coil at 3.0T, even higher field could be used in the research studies.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.32.4-33
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• 2018

We study the kinematical properties of the Seyfert galaxy, NGC 4051 and Mrk 79. The data used in this study had been observed with OASIS spectrometer at CFHT 3.6m telescope using O300 grism, MR1. The wavelength coverage is $4760{\AA}$ $-5558{\AA}$, which includes emission lines, $H{\beta}4861{\AA}$, $[OIII]4959{\AA}$, and $[OIII]5007{\AA}$. We observe that forbidden lines have both narrow and broad components. Radial velocity of NGC 4051 is blue-shifted, perhaps due to the z value derived by the earlier studies, 0.002336. We use the revised z, 0.002099, according to the radial velocity of the central spectrum. NGC 4051 is face-on galaxy without rotation observed. Radial velocity of Mrk 79 shows a rotation characteristic in narrow components, relative to $PA=60^{\circ}$, red-shifted to north-west, and blue-shifted to south-east. In the [OIII] broad components, blue-shifted points are observed at the place at 2 arcsec apart from the center of Mrk 79 to north-west, which are likely to be gas outflow.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2018

Virtual reality (VR) technology has been increasingly more frequently used day by day in industries, entertainment and performances due to the development of AR and MR technologies. Performance arts also actively utilize $360^{\circ}$ VR technology due to the free expression of stage settings and auditoriums. However, technologies for systems in which performers wear VR devices firsthand rather than being in the sandpoint of bystanders while audiences wear VR head mounted displays(HMDs) to see performance stages have been rarely studied yet. This study investigated the technical possibilities of possible methods of expression that will enable performers to appear on the stage wearing VR devices. Since VR can maximize the sense of immersion with its closed HMD structure unlike augmented reality (AR), VR was judged to be suitable for studies centered on the mental interactions in the inner side of humans. Among them, to implement shamanistic expression methods with the phantoms of the body and soul, a motion capture technology linked with VR display devices and real-time cameras was realized on the stage. In this process, the importance of body ownership experienced by the performers (participants), reactions when they lost it, and the mental phenomena of the desire to possess the subjects of gaze could be seen. In addition, high possibility of development of this technology hereafter could be expected because this technology includes the technical openness that enables the audience to appear on the stage firsthand to become performers.