• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.27 No.2 (3)
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• pp.251-253
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• 2000

VPN이란 공중망에서 물리적인 구성과 무관하게 논리적으로 폐쇄된 사용자 집단을 구성하여 각종 통신 서비스를 제공하는 기술이다. 이러한 VPN을 구성하기 위한 다양한 기술들이 제시되었고, 그 중에서 MPLS를 이용한 방식이 다른 기술에서는 제공하기 어려운 QoS, 보안, 관리 유지 등을 제공하는데 많은 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존에 제안된 MPLS를 이용한 Network 기반, 즉 PE 라우터 기반 VPN의 단점을 보안하기 위해 제안된 MPLS를 사용하는 CE 라우터 기반 VPN의 설계 및 구현에 대해 기술하고자 한다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2001

MPLS(Multi protocol Label Switching)는 Network Traffic 흐름의 속도를 높이고 관리하기 쉽게 하기 위한 표준 기술이다. MPLS는 정해진 Pack 열에 특정 경로를 설정하는 것에 관여하고, 각 Pack 내에는 라벨이 있어 Router 입장에서는 그 Pack을 전달할 노드의 주소를 확인하여 소요시간을 절약한다. MPLS는 IP, ATM및 프레임 릴레이 Network protocol 등과 같이 작동한다. MPLS는 Network OSI 참조모델과 함께 3Layer가 아닌 Switching을 하는 2Layer에서 대부분의 Pack이 전달되게 한다. MPLS는 Traffic을 빠르게 움직이게 하며, QoS를 위한 Network관리를 쉽게 한다. 이런 이유에 MPLS 기술은 더 많고 특정한 Traffic을 전송하기 시작한 Network로 채택될 유망한 기술로 기대되고 있다.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.496-497
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• 2008

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.1025-1030
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• 1999

Fifth one Nili-Ravi dairy buffaloes in their last two months of gestation, were selected in NWFP Pakistan. Rectal palpation was carried out fortnightly, until the occurrence of first estrus. Ovulation was confirmed per rectum and milk progesterone levels (MPL). Body condition score (BCS)was recorded weekly. Milk samples were collected weekly for MPL and blood samples fortnightly for metabolites analysis. Milk yield was recorded and samples were collected for milk fat. The buffaloes calving during the normal breeding season (NBS, August to January)had short (p<0.01) postpartum estrus interval of $55.95{\pm}4.90$ days versus $91.15{\pm}11.61 $ days in the buffaloes calving during the low breeding season (LBS, February to July). MPL in the LBS calvers remained lower than NBS calves (p<0.01). The incidence of silent ovulation was higher during LBS as compared to NBS (70.6% versus 29.4%). MPL showed a pattern opposite to atmospheric temperature. In NBS calvers serum glucose levels were higher (p<0.01) and magnesium levels were lower (p<0.01) than LBS calvers. Higher serum urea was found in summer and spring than that autumn and winter (p<0.05). The reproductive performance in buffaloes calving in the LBS coincided with a low BCS (p<0.01). Fat corrected milk production (FCM) was higher in NBS than LBS (p<0.01) calvers.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2003년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.145-148
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• 2003

MPLS는 차세대 네트워크의 발전에 있어서 중요한 기술 중 하나이다. MPLS는 2계층의 스위칭 속도와 3계층의 라우팅 기능을 접목한 3계층 스위칭 기술의 일종으로, 짧고 고정된 길이의 레이블(label)을 이용하는 단순한 레이블 스위칭 방식을 사용한다. 이런 방식을 이용하는 MPLS는 성능대 가격비를 낮추면서 2계층의 속도, 3계층의 확장성, 기존 프로토콜과의 호환성 등 각 계층의 장점을 그대로 유지할 수 있다. 이슈로 부각되고 있는 트래픽 엔지니어링, VPN(Virtual Private Network), QoS 등을 쉽게 지원할 수 있다는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 MPLS를 기반으로 한 small 상호연동망을 구현하여 성능을 분석하고자 한다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.278-282
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• 2013

This study was performed in 41 dogs with unilateral or bilateral medial patella luxation (MPL) and/or cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR). These dogs were classified into 4 groups according to MPL grading system. Radiographic evaluation was performed for pelvis and stifle joint in the dogs. Norberg, inclination, quadriceps and femoral varus angle were measured and analyzed with MPL grading and the existence of cranial cruciate ligament rupture. The Norberg and inclination angle showed no differences between 4 grading groups and between CCLR and no CCLR groups. However, quadriceps and femoral varus angle were statistically different between grade 1, 2 and grade 3, 4 groups. They also have shown the statistical difference between CCLR and no CCLR group. Further studies for how these parameters affect the prognosis and the results of surgical treatment of MPL should be needed.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.37.1-37.14
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• 2023

Background: Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have been used as adjuvants to modulate immune responses in both animals and humans. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of the TLR 4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and the TLR 3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) on equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs), and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). Methods: The PBMCs, MoDCs, and BM-MSCs collected from three mixed breed horses were treated with MPL, Poly I:C, and their combination. The mRNA expression of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The combination of MPL and Poly I:C significantly upregulated immunomodulatory responses in equine cells/ without cytotoxicity. The combination induced greater mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-6 than MPL or Poly I:C stimulation alone in PBMCs. In addition, the combination induced significantly higher mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p40 in MoDCs, and IL-8, MCP-1, and VEGF in BM-MSCs compared to stimulation with a single TLR agonist. Conclusions: The combination of MPL and Poly I:C can be used as a potential adjuvant candidate for vaccines to aid in preventing infectious diseases in horses.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.16.1-16.19
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• 2023

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) prevention. Previously, our group demonstrated the vaccine potential of Rv0351 and Rv3628 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection by directing Th1-biased CD4⁺ T cells co-expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 in the lungs. Here, we assessed immunogenicity and vaccine potential of the combined Ags (Rv0351/Rv3628) formulated in different adjuvants as subunit booster in BCG-primed mice against hypervirulent clinical Mtb strain K (Mtb K). Compared to BCG-only or subunit-only vaccine, BCG prime and subunit boost regimen exhibited significantly enhanced Th1 response. Next, we evaluated the immunogenicity to the combined Ags when formulated with four different types of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL)-based adjuvants: 1) dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA), MPL, and trehalose dicorynomycolate (TDM) in liposome form (DMT), 2) MPL and Poly I:C in liposome form (MP), 3) MPL, Poly I:C, and QS21 in liposome form (MPQ), and 4) MPL and Poly I:C in squalene emulsion form (MPS). MPQ and MPS displayed greater adjuvancity in Th1 induction than DMT or MP did. Especially, BCG prime and subunit-MPS boost regimen significantly reduced the bacterial loads and pulmonary inflammation against Mtb K infection when compared to BCG-only vaccine at a chronic stage of TB disease. Collectively, our findings highlighted the importance of adjuvant components and formulation to induce the enhanced protection with an optimal Th1 response.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표논문집 (중)
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• pp.1265-1268
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• 2003

국방전산망은 백본으로 ATM, Edge에는 예하 단위부대의 라우터를 연결한 IP over ATM 형태를 취하고 있다. 국방전산망은 급속도로 발전하는 외부의 미래 네트워크 환경에 대비하여 지속적으로 진화가 추진되고 있는데 장차 국방망의 요구사항인 네트워크의 규모 확대, 분리 운영되고 있는 각종 망의 통합, 서비스의 차별화, VPN, VoIP등의 지원과 통합된 망자원의 활용도를 최적화시키기 위해서 본 논문에서는 IETF에서 강력하게 추진하는 기술인 MPLS를 국방망에 도입하고 MPLS가 제공하는 가장 큰 기능중의 하나인 트래픽 엔지니어링을 이용하여 데이터 트래픽에 대한 효율적인 관리를 통한 저비용, 고효율의 국방전산망 운영방안에 대해 제안하고자 한다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2011년 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.46-53
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• 2011

Water is continuously produced in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and is transported and exhausted through polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), catalyst layer (CL), microporous layer (MPL), and gas diffusion layer (GDL). The low operation temperatures of PEMFC lead to the condensation of water, and the condensed water hinders the transport of reactants in porous layers (MPL and GDL). Thus, water flooding is currently one of hot issues that should be solved to achieve higher performance of PEMFC. This research aims to study liquid water transport in porous layers of PEMFC by using pore-network model, while the microscale pore structure and hydrophilic/hydrophobic surface properties of GDL and MPL were fully considered.