• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.583-598
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was to investigate the operational status of the midwifery birthing centers (MBCs) and midwives' job status (Phase 1) and to develop midwifery practice guidelines (MPG) (Phase 2) in Korea. Methods: In the first phase, the subjects were 15 midwives who operated 11 of 14 MBCs that were opened as of August 2018. The questionnaire consisted of items to measure the operational status of the MBC and midwives' job status. In the second phase, the MPG was developed from literature review, interviews with five midwives opening their MBCs, surveys with 74 midwives, and a validity evaluation conducted by seven experts. Results: The distribution of operating MBCs was five in Gyunggi-do, two each in Seoul and Incheon, one each in Busan, Chungcheongbuk-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeju-do. The mean age of midwives was 54.3 and all were female. In 2017, a total of 762 births including 81 homebirths were performed by midwives. The job performance was highest in the order of neonatal care 3.81, childbirth care 3.56, and postpartal care 3.53, respectively. The MPG included seven areas of prenatal care, childbirth care, postpartal care, neonatal care, primary health care, law/ethics, and administration, with 56 tasks and 166 task elements. Conclusion: This study provides the valid basic data for the operational status of the MBC and the midwives' job status. The MPG describes the midwife's job and may be used as basic data for preparing policies for the development of midwifery practice in Korea.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1997

DNA 회복효소인 MPG는 DNA의 퓨린기에 결합되어 있는 메틸기 등 이물질을 염기와 함께 제거하는 작용을 한다. 본 연구에서는 노던 블롯팅 방법을 이용하여 Balb/c mice의 각 조직별로 발생단계별 mRNA 발현 정도를 조사하였다. 뇌와 콩팥조직에서는 출생직후에 발현이 가장 활발하였으며, 성체시기까지 비교적 높은 활성도가 유지되었다. 위장 조직에서는 출생직후에서 일주일 후까지는 명확히 관찰되었으나, 그 이후는 발현이 약화되었다. 간장과 폐조직에서는 그 발현 정도가 매우 약했으며, 특히, 간조직의 경우 출생 직후보다 성체에서 그 발현이 현저히 감소되었다. 이들 조직에서의 활성도는 출생후 24시간 이내에서 1주일후까지 상대적으로 높게 유지되다가 점차 감소되었다. 즉, 수유기(출생직후부터 1주일후)에는 그 활성도가 성체시기(4주에서 6개월)보다 높게 유지되었다. 이러한 결과들로 미루어 보아 늙은 생쥐가 젊고 어린 생쥐보다 alkylating mutagen들에 노출되었을대 암에 걸릴 위험성이 높다고 생각된다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.250-254
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• 2007

Applying the moving photo-carrier grating(MPG) technique and time-of-flight(TOF) measurements, we studied the transport properties of stabilized amorphous selenium typical of the material used in direct conversion X-ray imaging devices. For MPG measurement, we obtained electron and hole mobility and the recombination lifetime of $\alpha-Se$ films with arsenic(As) additions. We found an apparent increase in hole drift mobility and recombination lifetime, especially when 0.3 % As was added into $\alpha-Se$ film, whereas electron mobility decreased with the addition of As due to the defect density. For TOF measurement, a laser beam with pulse duration of 5 ns and wavelength of 350 nm was illuminated on the surface of $\alpha-Se$ with a thickness of 400 ${\mu}m$. The measured hole and electron transit times were about 8.73 ${\mu}s$ and 229.17 ${\mu}s$, respectively.

• 기계와재료
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• v.19 no.3 s.73
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• pp.64-74
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• 2007

• Science & Technology Policy
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• v.2 no.36 s.36
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• pp.27-30
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• 1992

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.14-18
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• 2008

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.427-432
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• 2005

This paper is concerned with a simultaneous design of TSK (Takagi-Sugeno-Kang)-linguistic fuzzy models with uncertain model output and the computationally efficient representation. For this purpose, we use the fundamental idea of linguistic models introduced by Pedrycz and develop their comprehensive design framework. The design process consists of several main phases such as (a) the automatic generation of the linguistic contexts by probabilistic distribution using CDF (conditional density function) and PDF (probability density function) (b) performing context-based fuzzy clustering preserving homogeneity based on the concept of fuzzy granulation (c) augment of bias term to compensate bias error (d) combination of TSK and linguistic context in the consequent part. Finally, we contrast the performance of the enhanced models with other fuzzy models for automobile MPG predication data and coagulant dosing process in a water purification plant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.305-306
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• 2005

The effects of As addition In amorphous selenium (a-Se) films for digital X-ray conversion material have been studied using the moving photocarrier grating (MPG) technique We have found an increase in hole drift mobility and recombination lifetime, especially when 0.3% As is added into a-Se film, whereas electron mobility decreases with As addition due to the defect density. The transport properties for As doped a-Se films obtained by using MPG technique have been compared with X-ray sensitivity for a-Se:As X-ray device. The fabricated a-Se (0.3%As) based X-ray detector exhibited the highest X-ray sensitivity of 5 samples.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.280-283
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• 2005

The moving photocarrier grating (MPG) technique for the determination of the carrier mobilities and the recombination lifetime of $\alpha$-Se:As films has been studied. The electron and hole drift mobility and the recombination lifetime of $\alpha$-Se films with arsenic (As) additions have been obtained from measurement of the short circuit current density $j_{sc}$ as a function of grating velocity and spatial period. The hole mobility decreases due to defect density of hole traps when x exceeds 0.003, whereas the hole mobility increases for the case of low As addition (x$\le$0.003). We have found an increase in hole drift mobility and recombination lifetime, especially when As with (x = 0.003) is added into the $\alpha$-Se film.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.362-363
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• 2007

The transport property of stabilized amorphous selenium typical of the material used in direct conversion x-ray imaging devices was studied using the moving photo-carrier grating (MPG) technique and time-of-flight (TOF) measurements. For MPG measurement, the electron and hole mobility, and recombination lifetime of a-Se films with arsenic (As) additions have been obtained. For TOF measurement, a laser beam with pulse duration of 5ns and wavelength of 350 nm was illuminated on the surface of a-Se with thickness of $400{\mu}m$.