• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2008

The regioselective ring opening of epoxides using elemental iodine and bromine in the presence of methimazole (MMI, a anti-thyroid drug) and its metabolite methimazole-disulfide as new catalysts are studied. MMI easily converted in vitro to MMI-disulfide without any double activation presented in vivo. FT-Raman and UV spectroscopies are used to study the interaction of iodine with these catalysts. The results indicate that both catalysts are efficient in polyiodide formation, but MMI-disulfide can catalyze this reaction in higher yield and regioselectivity. The complex [(MMI-disulfide)I]+.I3- is considered to be formed initially which could be bulkier by addition of excess of iodine in the course of the reaction. These bulky nucleophiles have a fundamental role in the high regioselectivity by attacking the less sterically hindered epoxide carbon. In this study we suggest that MMI is readily converted to MMI-disulfide by interaction with iodine or activated iodine in thyroid gland, and this process is responsible for high anti-thyroid activity of MMI.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.607-613
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• 2019

본 논문은 external knowledge를 사용한 lattice 없는 상호 정보 최대화(Lattice Free Maximum Mutual Information, LF-MMI) 기반 음향 모델링 방법을 제안한다. External knowledge란 음향 모델에서 사용하는 학습 데이터 이외의 문자열 데이터를 말한다. LF-MMI란 심층 신경망(Deep Neural Network, DNN) 학습의 최적화를 위한 목적 함수의 일종으로, 구별 학습에서 높은 성능을 보인다. LF-MMI에는 DNN의 사후 확률을 계산하기 위해 음소의 열을 사전 확률로 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 LF-MMI의 목적식의 사전 확률을 담당하는 음소 모델링에 external knowlege를 사용함으로써 과적합의 가능성을 낮추고, 음향 모델의 성능을 높이는 방법을 제안한다. External memory를 사용하여 사전 확률을 생성한 LF-MMI 모델을 사용했을 때 기존 LF-MMI와 비교하여 14 %의 상대적 성능 개선을 보였다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2076-2088
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• 2010

MMI (Man Machine Interface) is the system that monitors the operating condition of the ATP/ATC/ATS systems and receives defined information from ATP/ATC/ATS systems through the interface with On-board systems. Based on the data from the ATP/ATC/ATS system, MMI can display the information and status of the train to secure safe operation. It is possible for the display mode and quantities of MMI to be improved by the customer's demand, and it can be designed as the same structure of existing devices for the driver. The ERTMS is Regular Safety Standards of high-speed railroad. It is fundamental structure of European Rail Control System which train control, safety and operate facilities. In this paper, I study requirements of ERTMS form which design function each section of MMI and application at ATP/ATC/ATS combined Train Constrol System.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.88-98
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• 2000

More than half of all incidents in large complex technological systems, particularly in nuclear power or aviation industries, were attributable in some way to human erroneous actions. These incidents were largely due to the human engineering deficiencies of man-machine interface (MMI). In nuclear industry, advanced computer-based MMI designs are emerging as part of new reactor designs. The impact of advanced MMI technology on the operator performance, and as a result, on plant safety should be thoroughly evaluated before such technology is actually adopted in nuclear power plants. This paper discusses the applicability of human reliability analysis (HRA) to support the design review process. Both the first-generation and the second-generation HRA methods are considered focusing on a couple of promising HRA methods, i.e., ATHEANA and CREAM, with the potential to assist the design review process.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2017

Sweet's syndrome, or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, occurs in association with autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis but is rare in Graves' disease, in which all cases are induced by propylthiouracil (PTU). We report a case of Sweet's syndrome in a patient with Graves' disease treated with methimazole (MMI) during three weeks. A 34-year-old man presented with the acute onset of high fever, skin rashes on the whole body, arthralgia, and acroparesthesia. Laboratory results showed leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein. MMI first stopped and antibiotics and antihistamine therapy started, but his symptoms dramatically improved after oral prednisolone. Graves' disease has again been treated by MMI because of his aggravated ophthalmopathy. After one year of retreatment with MMI, there has been no recurrence of Sweet's syndrome, supporting that Sweet's syndrome in this case was not related to MMI exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Sweet's syndrome associated with Graves' disease per se but not PTU or MMI use.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제45권11호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2008

새로운 격자 구조형 다중모드 간섭(GA-MMI) 결합기의 전파특성이 횡방향 모드 전송선로 이론(L-MTLT)을 이용하여 이론적으로 자세하게 고찰되었다. 격자구조의 두께와 duty cycle의 변화에 따른 $2{\times}2$ GA-MMI 결합기의 결합특성을 분석하였으며, 파장변화에 따른 출력 특성을 수치해석 하였다. 수치해석 결과 격자구조의 변화에 따른 GA-MMI 결합기의 결합길이와 결합효율은 작은 허용오차(tolerance)를 나타냈으며, 대역폭은 출력특성에 따라 현저한 차이를 나타내었다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.11-25
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 지진파의 푸리에 가속도스펙트럼(Fourier Acceleration Spectrum)에 기반한 계측진도 평가방법(Sokolov and Wald, 2002)을 국내에 적용하기 위해 국내 지진 MMI ${\leq}$ IV 범위에 대한 진도별 FAS 통계특성(평균과 표준편차) 모델을 기상청 발표 진도자료로 부터 도출된 65개 지진에 대한 등진도구역도(Isoseismal Maps)와 등진도구역도 상의 일관된 부지특성을 갖는 580개 수평성분 FAS 자료를 기반으로 경험적으로 도출하였다. 일관된 부지특성을 갖는 FAS는 특정 지진관측소에서 관측된 FAS를 국내 지반물성을 대표할 수 있는 D 등급관측소(연관희와 서정희, 2007)의 부지증폭특성을 갖도록 변환하여 도출하였다. 국내 지진의 MMI ${\leq}$ IV의 FAS 평균값은 로그영역에서 진도에 비례하는 선형성을 나타내었으며, 진도 IV에 대한 FAS 평균은 전 세계 모델과 유사한 특징을 보였다. 또한 진도 MMI ${\leq}$ IV의 FAS 표준편차는 진도 V 이상의 전 세계적인 모델의 표준편차 보다는 크게 평가되었으나, 진도 IV에 대한 전 세계적인 모델의 표준편차보다는 현저히 낮은 값을 나타내었다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1990년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 26-27 Oct. 1990
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• pp.107-112
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• 1990

It is necessary to develop graphic MMI (Man-Machine Interface) for the maximum utilization of our installed ADS (Automated Distribution System) for which an operator types and executes string commands. Considering the restrictions and characteristics of the installed ADS and the data for modelled distribution lines, we calculated the time of periodic data acquisition for large number of points. And we presented the performance and characteristics of the graphic MMI system which will be developed and which will facilitate SCADA(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) functions.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2782-2786
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• 2011

In this paper a protocol design for bus network communication between onboard signalling system and MMI(Man Machine Interface) will be presented and illustrated. Recently, many onboard signailling systems adopt hot standby for safety reasons. Hot standby is a method of redundancy in which the primary and secondary systems run simultaneously. It is convenient to use bus network(bus topology) in a hot standby system for communication between onboard signalling system and MMI. Because bus network is the simplest way to connect multiple clients such as onboard signalling system, MMI and etc. However, there are many problems when two clients want to transmit at the same time on the same bus. A effective protocol is necessary to solve that problems. We will describes protocol design which is useful when onboard signalling systems and MMIs are connected via RS485(Bus Network).

• ETRI Journal
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2003

We designed a multimode interference (MMI) coupler to use in vertical coupling of double layered polymeric waveguides and analyzed the coupling characteristics by comparing our experimental and simulation results. We found that our proposed new structure, a stepped MMI coupler, is effective in vertical coupling between waveguide layers with a short length of MMI and has a high tolerance for the variation in the structure of an MMI coupler that can be induced as errors in the fabrication process.