• Title/Summary/Keyword: MIB

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An Adaptive Algorithm for the Quantization Step Size Control of MPEG-2

  • Cho, Nam-Ik
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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    • v.2 no.6
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    • pp.138-145
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    • 1997
  • This paper proposes an adaptive algorithm for the quantization step size control of MPEG-2, using the information obtained from the previously encoded picture. Before quantizing the DCT coefficients, the properties of reconstruction error of each macro block (MB) is predicted from the previous frame. For the prediction of the error of current MB, a block with the size of MB in the previous frame are chosen by use of the motion vector. Since the original and reconstructed images of the previous frame are available in the encoder, we can calculate the reconstruction error of this block. This error is considered as the expected error of the current MB if it is quantized with the same step size and bit rate. Comparing the error of the MB with the average of overall MBs, if it is larger than the average, small step size is given for this MB, and vice versa. As a result, the error distribution of the MB is more concentrated to the average, giving low variance and improved image quality. Especially for the low bit application, the proposed algorithm gives much smaller error variance and higher PSNR compared to TM5 (test model 5).

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XML&DOM Framework for An Extensible SNMP MIB (SNMP MIB의 실시간 확장을 위한 XML&DOM)

  • 박용;손용식;차시호;이병기;조국현
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2001.04a
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    • pp.238-240
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    • 2001
  • 본 논문에서는 SNMP 기반의 네트웍관리를 XML과 자바 코드를 사용하여 실시간으로 MIB을 확장함으로써 SNMP 에이전트의 실시간 확장을 용이하게 하는 구조를 설계하고 구현하였다. 우리가 설계한 XML 기반 SNMP MIB 확장 구조는 실시간으로 MIB을 기술하기 위해 XML과 DOM을 사용 자바 기반의 네트워크와 관리방법을 채택한다. 뿐만 아니라 DOM API를 이용하여 XML DATA생성 GUI와 에이전트 확장에 대한 솔루션을 제시한다. 이 방법은 MIB 이 직렬화 되어 관리자와 에이전트간의 네트워크 상으로 전달될 수 있도록 해준다. 또한 XML의 사용은 MIB이 쉽게 탐색 되고 관리 태스크들을 이한 온라인 문서와 자유롭게 통합 될 수 있도록 한다. 더 나아가서 XML은 다른 정보 모델을 사용하는 네트웍 관리 응용들간의 데이터 교환이 쉽도록 할 것이다.

Traffic Flooding Attack Detection using SNMP MIB (SNMP MIB 기반 트래픽 폭주공격 탐지)

  • Park, Jun-Sang;Park, Dai-Hee;Kim, Myung-Sup
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.935-938
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    • 2008
  • DoS/DDoS 공격과 웜 공격으로 대표되는 트래픽 폭주 공격은 그 특성상 사전 차단이 어렵기 때문에 빠르고 정확한 탐지는 공격 탐지 시스템이 갖추어야 할 필수요건이다. 기존의 SNMP MIB 기반 트래픽 폭주공격 탐지 방법은 1 분 이상의 탐지 시간을 요구하였다. 본 논문은 SNMP MIB 객체의 상관 관계를 이용한 빠른 트래픽 폭주 공격 탐지 알고리즘을 제안한다. 또한 빠른 탐지 시간으로 발생되는 시스템의 부하와 탐지 트래픽을 최소화하는 방안도 함께 제시한다. 공격 탐지 방법은 3 단계로 구성되는데, 1 단계에서는 MIB 정보의 갱신주기를 바탕으로 탐지 시점을 결정하고, 2 단계에서는 MIB 정보간의 상관 관계를 이용하여 공격의 징후를 판단하고, 3 단계에서는 프로토콜 별 상세 분석을 통하여 공격 탐지뿐만 아니라 공격 유형까지 판단한다. 따라서 빠르고 정확하게 공격을 탐지할 수 있고, 공격 유형을 분류해 낼 수 있어 신속한 대처가 가능해 질 수있다.

Expression of the Ki-67 antigen Using Monoclonal Antibody MIB-1 in Children with Glomerulonephritis (사구체신염에서 MIB-1을 이용한 Ki-67 항원의 발현)

  • Chung, Woo-Yeong;Song, Min-Seop;Kim, Young-Ju
    • Childhood Kidney Diseases
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.104-109
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    • 1998
  • Purpose : The proliferative nuclear antigen Ki-67, present in all cell cycle phases except G0, is a useful marker for the detection of proliferative cells in vivo. MIB I has been found to recognize an antigen in formalin-fixed and wax-embedded material. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of MIB-1 expression as a marker of representing the status of mesangial cell proliferation in renal tissues. Methods : Immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 Ag using monoclonal antibody MIB-1 (Immunotech,505) were performed in 41 renal tissuses which were obtained by percutaneous renal biopsy done between January 1994 and December 1996. Results : In both glomeruli and renal tubules, MIB-1 expression was observed only in 2 of 18 ($11.1\%$) cases of IgA nephropathy, in 2 of the 4 ($50\%$) cases of mebranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, in 4 of the 5 ($80\%$) cases of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. But MIB-1 expression was not detected in all cases of minimal lesion and membranous nephropathy. Renal tubules In another 7 cases of IgA nephropathy were MIB-1 positive. Conclusion : MIB-1 expression in renal tissues may relate to the cell proliferation in glomeruli and renal tubules. But the efficacy of MIB-1 expression as a marker of mesangial cell proliferation may reveal a limited value because of it's lower positive rate in IgA nephropathy.

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Metachromasy of Metylene Blue and Thionine by Analytical Fluorescence Spectroscopy (형광분광분석법에 의한 Methylene Blue와 Thionine의 Metachromasy)

  • Lee, Hoo-Seol
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.103-114
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    • 1997
  • Metachromatic properties of admixture of methylene blue(MB) and thionine in aqueous solution has been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. In spite of nonfluorescence character has been MB itself, mixing MB to monomeric concentration of thionine, new coaggregation band has been formed in shorter wave length than fluorescence of thionine because of MB was redistributed to thionine aggregate. It suggested that coaggregate of MB and thionine were more tightly formed than the each dye aggregate.

Scene change detection and adaptive MAD prediction for H.264 MB Layer rate control (H.264 MB(Macro Block)Layer 비트율 제어를 위한 장면 전환 검출과 적응적인 MAD예측)

  • Han, Chan-Hee;Lee, Si-Woong;Choi, Sang-Gyu
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2007.10a
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    • pp.441-442
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    • 2007
  • 본 논문은 H.264 MB Layer 비트율 제어를 위한 적응적인 MAD 예측 방법을 제안한다. 첫째, 공간 인접 MB 들 간의 유사도를 기반으로 공간예측 MAD를 구하고 둘째, 프레임의 픽셀 평균값의 차이로 장면 전환을 검출한다. 셋째, 공간예측 MAD와 시간예측 MAD에 MB의 예측 움직임 벡터를 이용한 가중치를 주어 적응적으로 MAD를 예측한다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안한 MAD 예측 방법이 JM11.0의 방법보다 더욱 우수한 예측 성능을 보임을 살펴본다.

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565Mb/s Multiplexer/Demultiplexer (565Mb/s다중화/역다중화기)

  • 신동관;고정훈;김종호;이만섭;심창섭
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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    • 1987.04a
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    • pp.72-74
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    • 1987
  • 565Mb/s multiplexer/Demulitiplexer have been developed as a part of the 565Mb/s Optical Transmission System We describetheir functions and configurations with the design philosophy.

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A MIB Definition Scheme for Networked Embedded System (네트웍 임베디드 시스템을 위한 MIB 정의 방안)

  • 황소영;유동희;김영호
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2000.10c
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    • pp.186-188
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    • 2000
  • 현재 TCP/IP 네트웍 환경하에서 Simple Network Management Protocol(SNMP)은 주요한 네트웍 관리 표준으로 자리잡고 있으며 Management Information Base(MIB)는 이러한 SNMP의 기본 토대를 이루고 있다. 본 논문에서는 네트웍 임베디드 시스템 관리를 위한 MIB의 구성 및 정의에 대한 방안을 제시하고, 네트웍 시각 서버를 적용한 사례를 기술한다.

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16Mb DRAM의 중요 기술적 문제점

  • 김창현;신윤승;진대제
    • 전기의세계
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.12-19
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    • 1989
  • 16Mb DRAM을 개발하는데 필요한 주요한 기술적인 문제점으로 설계면에서는 전력소모, Noise, Vcc내부 전압강하회로를 들 수 있다. 기술적인 면은 CELL을 어떻게 형상화느냐에 따라 문제가 다르게 나타나나 단차에 따른 photo/etching, 박막의 leakage전류와 reliability, short channel에 따른 transistor특성의 안정화등이 있다. 특히 16Mb에서는 stack형, stack과 trench의 병합형이 cell의 주요형태가 될 전망이다.

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Studies on the Total Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) Activities and CPK Isoenzymes Fractions of the Sera and Organ Tissues in Ruminant (반추수의 혈청과 장기조직의 Creatine Phosphokinase(CPK) 총활성 및 CPK Isoenzyme 분획에 관한 연구)

  • Yoon Sang-Bo;Kim Duck-Hwan
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.433-449
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    • 1992
  • Total CPK activities and CPK isoenzymes fractions of the sera and tissues were examined to obtain the physiological basic data of ruminant available in veterinary clinical practice. For the sera total CPK activities and CPK isoenzymes fractions, total 39 clinically healthy Korean native goats (3 to 10 months old, IS of female and 18 of male) and 6 of Korean native goats (1 to 2 years old, 3 of female and 3 of male) were used. Seventeen Korean native cattle (3 to 6 years old, 10 of female and 7 of male) and 27 Holstein-Friesian cattle (2 to 8 months old, 7 of female and 3 to 12 years old, 20 of female) were also examined for the sera total CPK activities and CPK isoenzymes fractions. For the total CPK activities and CPK isoenzyme fractions, 3 of female Korean native goats (7 months old), 3 of female Korean native cattle (2 years old) and 3 of dairy cattle (2 years old, 2 of female and 1 of male) were used. The tissues examined were the cerebrum (2 of Korean native cattle), spinal cord (1 of Korean native cattle), heart, lung, diaphragm, reticulum, liver, spleen, kidney, jejunum. colon and femoral muscle. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In Korean native goats less than 1-year-old. serum total CPK activities were 67.8${\pm}$17.7(39.0~96.5) IU/$\ell$ in female and 63.4${\pm}$19.0(28.7~94.4) IU/$\ell$ in male. Further they were 67.0${\pm}$5.3(59.5~70.7) IU/$\ell$ and 54.5${\pm}$11.1(39.1~69.4) IU/$\ell$ in female and male Korean native goats over 1-year-old, respectively. Serum total CPK activities of female were slightly higher than those of male. Significance between age and sex was not found. 2. Serum total CPK activities were 56.8${\pm}$19.7(27.6~90.5) IU/$\ell$ and 65.6${\pm}$10.8(52.8~78.0) IU/$\ell$ in female and male Korean native adult cattle, respectively, Serum total CPK activities of male were slightly higher than those of female, but they were not significant 3. Serum total CPK activities we,e 72.5${\pm}$8.2(57.2~83.2) IU/$\ell$ and 60.8${\pm}$12.5(42.7~80.6) IU/$\ell$ in calves and adult of dairy acttle, respectively. Serum total CPK activities of calves were significantly higher than those of adult(p<0.05). 4. In Korean native goats less than 1-year-old, serum CPK isoenzymes fractions were high with decreasing order of MM>MB>BB and MM>BB>MB in female and male, respectively. Further they were high with decreasing order of MM>MB>BB and MM>B8>MB in female and male Korean native goats over 1-year-old, respectively. The main fractions of CPK isoenzymes were MM in sera of Korean native goats. 5. Serum CPK Isoenzyme fractions were high with decreasing order of MM>MB>BB In both female and male of Korean native cattle. The main fraction among them was MM. 6. Serum CPK isoenzymes fractions were high with decreasing order of MM>BB>MB in both calves and adult of dairy cattle. The main fraction among them was MM. 7. Total CPK activities were high with decreasing order of the femoral muscle>kidney>reticulum>diaphragm>liver>spleen>heart>colon>lung>jejunum in Korean native goats. 8. Total CPK activities were high with decreasing order of the spinal cord >cerebrum>femoral muscle>reticulum>kidney>liver>spleen>diaphragm>lung>colon>heart>jejunum in Korean native cattle. 9. Total CPK activities were high with decreasing order. of the femoral muscle >liver>retoculum>kidney>heart>colon>lung>spleen>jejunum>diaphrasm in dairy cattle. 10. The pattern of the cardiac CPK isoenzymes fractions was identical in Korean native goats, Korean native cattle and dairy cattle. They were high in the order of MM>MB without BB fractions and the main fraction was MM. 11. The pattern of the pulmonary CPK isoenzymes fractions was the same Korean native goats, Korean native cattle and dairy cattle. They were high with decreasing order of MM>MB>BB and the main fraction among them was MM. 12. The pattern of CPK isoenzymes fractions of the diaphragm was Identical in Korean native goats and Korean native cattle. They were high with decreasing order of MM >BB >MB except dairy cattle (MM>MB>BB) but the main fraction among them was MM. 13. The pattern of the reticular CPK isoenzymes fractions was identical in Korean native cattle and dairy cattle. They were high with decreasing order of BB >MM >MB except Korean native goats(BB>MB>MM) but the main, fraction among them was BB 14. The pattern of the hepatic CPK isoenzymrs fractions was identical in Korean native cattle and dairy cattle. They were high with decreasing order of MB >BB >MM except Korean native goats(MB>MM>BB)but the main fraction was MB. 15. The splenic CPK isoenzymes fractions showed different pattern. They were high with decreasing order of MB>BB>MM, MM>BB>MB and BB>MB>MM in Korean native goats, Korean native cattle and dairy cattle, respectively. The main fraction among them was different from each other. 16. The pattern of the renal CPK isoenzymes fractions was identical in Korean native cattle and dairy cattle. They were high with decreasing order of MM >MB>BB except Korean native goats(BB>MB>MM). 17. The CPK isoenzymes fractions of the Jejunums showed different pattern. They were high with decreasing order MM>MB>BB, MM>BB>MB and BB>MM>MB in Korean native goats, Korean native cattle and dairy cattle, respectively. The main fractions were MM In Korean native goats and Korean native cattle, and BB in dairy cattle. 18. The colonic CPK isoenzymes fractions showed different pattern. They were high with decreasing order of MM>MB>BB, MM>BB>MB and BB>rrfB>MM in Korean native goats, Korean native cattle and dairy cattle, respectively. The main fractions were MM in Korean native goats and Korean . native cattle, and BB in dairy cattle. 19. The cerebral CPK isoenzymes fractions were high with decreasing order of BB >MM without MB detected in Korean native cattle and those of spinal cord were high with decreasing order of BB >MM >MB. The main fractions in both cerebrum and spinal cord were BB.

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