• ALGAE
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.177-187
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• 2020

Cyanobacteria have been widely reported to produce a variety of UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Herein, we reported production of the unusual MAA, mycosporine-glycine-alanine (MGA) in the cyanobacterium Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae ITEP-024 using a newly developed UHPLC-DAD-MS/HRMS (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry) method. MGA had previously been first identified in a red-algae, but S. torques-reginae strain ITEP-024 is the first cyanobacteria to be reported as an MGA producer. Herein, the chemical structure of MGA is fully elucidated from one-dimensional / two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and HRMS data analyses. MAAs are unusually produced constitutively in S. torques-reginae ITEP-024, and this production was further enhanced following UV-irradiance. It has been proposed that MAA biosynthesis proceeds in cyanobacteria from the pentose phosphate pathway intermediate sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. Annotation of a gene cluster encoded in the genome sequence of S. torques-reginae ITEP-024 supports these gene products could catalyse the biosynthesis of MAAs. However, addition of glyphosate to cultures of S. torques-reginae ITEP-024 abolished constitutive and ultra-violet radiation induced production of MGA, shinorine and porphyra-334. This finding supports involvement of the shikimic acid pathway in the biosynthesis of MAAs by this species.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.161-172
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• 1997

In order to assess the physical growth and development, and nutritional status of primary, middle and high school students in the city of Seoul, physiques of 4, 041 persons(Male : 2, 096, Female: 1, 945) were measured from March 1 to July 31 in 1995 and variouis physical and nutritional indices, maximum growth age related to them were calculated. The results are as follows: 1. Physical Growth and Development The growth of body height showed straight linear development among male in the ages 7~16 and among female 7~14, and after that showed slower development. The age of cross over between two sexes was between 11.5 to 12.5 years of age. The maximum growth age was between 11 and 12 years of age(7.28cm) in male and between 11 aqnd 12 years of age(9.77cm) in female. In terms of body weight, it also showed straight linear development among male in the ages 7~16 and among female 7~14, and after that showed slower development. The maximum growth age was between 11 and 12 years of age(7.64kg) in male and between 11 and 12 years of age(8.l9kg) in female. In terms of chest girth, it showed two step development among male in the age of 7~13 and 13~17, and among female in the age of 7~14 and 14~17. The age of cross over between two sexes was 11 and 12 years of age. In terms of sitting height, it showed two step development in the age of 7~14 and 14~17 of both sexes and the age of cross over between two sexes was between 10.5 to 14.5 years of age. The maximum growth age was between 11 and 12 years of age(3.64cm) in male and between 11 and 12 years of age(5.98cm) in female. 2. Maximum Growth Age of Physical Growth and Development In body height, MGA was 10.59 for male and 10.34 for female which showed that MGA for both sexes appeared in similar periods. In body weight, MGA was 10.30 for male and 10.30 for female which showed that MGA for both sexes appeared in similar periods. In chest-girth, MGA was 14.74 for male and 11.60 for female which showed that MGA for female appeared about 3 years earlier than for male. In sitting height, MGA was 11.69 for male and 11.38 for female which showed that MGA for both sexes appeared in similar periods. Maximum growth ages of physiques appeared in order of body height 〉 body weight 〉 sitting height 〉 chest-girth.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.255-268
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• 2006

Twenty four Hanwoo cull cows were assigned to 2 groups, control and melengerol acetate(MGA)+selenium supplement containing vitamin E(SeE), based on the parity(6.5±1.7 birth) and body weight (493.17±55.61kg), and the experiment was conducted to establish the reasonable fattening method of cull cows for 240 days. Average daily body gains during 240 days were 0.51kg and 0.63kg in control and MGA+SeE, respectively(P<0.10). DDMI/ADG of MGA+SeE group improved compared to control group(P<0.05). Therefore, supplementation of MGA+SeE in concentrates may accelerate both of the growth rate and feed efficiency in Hanwoo cull cows. MQI from MGA+SeE was more developed based on the larger rib-eye area and thinner backfat thickness in carcass than that from control. Marbling score for MGA+SeE tended to increase compared to control. Dietary Se supplementation significantly affected muscle Se concentration in longissimus dorsi meat of MGA+SeE group(P<0.05). Similar results to Se were obtained from α-Tocoperol concentration. During 7 days of simulated retail display, accumulations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) concentration in beef was greater(P<0.05) in control than in supplemented cows. These results supported the hypothesis that supplementation of MGA+SeE improve the growth performance and carcass grade both by the growth stimulating effect of MGA+SeE and by preventing the oxidation of the longissimus dorsi muscle in Hanwoo cull cows.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the proper mixing ratio of multigrains-added cooked rice for adolescent and aged people and analyze the nutritional and functional properties. As a result of sensory evaluation according to mixing ratio of polish rice and grains, the palatable grain mixing ratio of mixed grain rice for adolescent and aged people was 40% and 30%, respectively. The ratio of general grains to specialized grains was 9:1 in mixed grain rice for adolescent (MGA) and 8:2 in multigrain rice for aged people (MGAP). The ratio of mung bean to BacTae was 2:1 in MGA, and the ratio of adlay to buckwheat was 1:1 in MGAP. MGA contained the highest amount of crude protein, crude fat and minerals among the samples. In contrast, MGAP showed higher amounts of polyphenols and antioxidant activity compared to polished rice and MGA.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.531-537
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• 2010

This paper optimized the design parameters of the offset strip fin in a heat exchanger. To decrease the pressure drop and increase heat transfer, the performance factors such as j/f, $j/f^{1/3}$, and JF, which could be used to estimate the pressure drop and heat transfer simultaneously, were employed as the criteria for optimization. In the present study, STDQAO, PQRSM, and MGA were used for solving the constrained nonlinear optimization problem. The JF factor and heat transfer performance of the optimized offset-strip fin were greater than those of the reference offset-strip fin by 36% and 280%, respectively.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.486-494
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• 2006

In this paper, we introduce a new solution for the load balancing problem, an important issue in parallel processing. Our heuristic load balancing technique called MGA effectively combines the benefit of both mean-field annealing (MFA) and genetic algorithms (GA). We compare the proposed MGA algorithm with other mapping algorithms (MFA, GA-l, and GA-2). A multiprocessor mapping algorithm simulation has been developed to measure performance improvement ratio of these algorithms. Our experimental results show that our new technique, the composition of heuristic mapping methods improves performance over the conventional ones, in terms of solution quality with a longer run time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.78-91
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• 2017

In this study, we conducted a comparative study on user's perception and behavior on public system service (PSS) using institutionalism theory and MGA (multi-group analysis) methodology. In particular, this study focuses on how institutional isomorphism is applied to public system services and how MGA can be implemented correctly in a variance based SEM (structural equation model) such as PLS (partial least square). A data set of 496 effective responses was collected from pubic system users and an empirical research was conducted using three segmented models categorized by public proximity theory (public firms = 113, government contractors = 210, private contractors = 173). For rigorous group comparisons, each model was estimated by the same indicators and approaches. PLS-SEM was used in testing research hypotheses, followed by parametric and non-parametric PLS-MGA procedures in testing categorical moderation effects. This study applied novel procedures for testing composite measurement invariance prior to multi-group comparisons. The following main results and implications are drawn : 1) Partial measurement invariance was established. Multi-group analysis can be done by decomposed models although data can not be pooled for one integrated model. 2) Multi-group analysis using various approaches showed that proximity to public sphere moderated some hypothesized paths from quality dimensions to user satisfaction, which means that categorical moderating effects were partially supported. 3) Careful attention should be given to the selection of statistical test methods and the interpretation of the results of multi-group analysis, taking into account the different outcomes of the PLS-MGA test methods and the low statistical power of the moderating effect. It is necessary to use various methods such as comparing the difference in the path coefficient significance and the significance of the path coefficient difference between the groups. 4) Substantial differences in the perceptions and behaviors of PSS users existed according to proximity to public sphere, including the significance of path coefficients, mediation and categorical moderation effects. 5) The paper also provides detailed analysis and implication from a new institutional perspective. This study using a novel and appropriate methodology for performing group comparisons would be useful for researchers interested in comparative studies employing institutionalism theory and PLS-SEM multi-group analysis technique.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2010

The composite stock cutting problem is defined as allocating rectangular and irregular patterns onto a large composite stock sheet of finite dimensions in such a way that the resulting scrap will be minimized. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to hybrid optimization algorithm called MGA in MPI (Message Passing Interface) environments. The proposed MGA combines the benefit of rapid convergence property of Mean Field Annealing and the effective genetic operations. This paper also proposes the efficient data structures for pattern related information.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.89-96
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• 2005

Numerical procedure of design optimality evaluation is studied for caisson structural systems. Two kinds of evaluation methods can be considered; mathematical optimality criteria method (MOCM) and numerical optimization method (NOM). The choice of the method depends on the available information of the system MOCM can be used only when the information of all function values, gradients and Lagrange multipliers is available, which may not be realistic in practice. Therefore, in this study, NOMs are applied for the structural optimality evaluation, where only design variables are necessary. To this end, Metropolis genetic algorithm (MGA) is advantageously used and applied for a standard optimization model of caisson composite breakwater. In the numerical example, cost and constraint functions are assumed to be changed from the orignal design situation and their effects are evaluated for optimality. From the theoretical consideration and numerical experience, it is found that the proposed optimality evaluation procedure with MGA-based NOM is efficient and practically applicable.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.36C no.8
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• pp.54-61
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• 1999

In this paper, we apply one of modified Genetic Algorithms, a Multi-population Genetic Algorithm(MGA) that improves the genetic diversity to determine the fuzzy rule base and the shape of membership functions. The generation of the fuzzy rule base for fuzzy control, generally, depends on expert's experience. We suggest a new evaluation function to optimize fuzzy rule base. Simulation shows that the proposed method has good result.