• Food Science and Preservation
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.354-359
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the fermentation characteristics of kimchi treated with different methods of water extracts of powdered green tea(GT). Four different kimchis, the SB-kimchi(control) which was not treatment of the extracts, SG-kimchi prepared with Chinese cabbage(CC) salted in 1％ GT containing 10％ brine, DG-kimchi prepared with CC dipped in 1％ GT for 30 min after salting, MS-kimchi prepared with the salted CC mixed with 1％ GT containing seasonings. All kimchis was fermented at 10$^{\circ}C$. The pH of treated-kimchis were maintained higher than those of control products during fermentation, but it showed no big difference between each treated groups. Total microbe of SB-kimchi(6.27-9.37 cfu/mL) was higher than those of GT-treated kimchi(5.17-9.20) during fermentation. The ratio of lactic acid bacteria against total microbe was higher than the treated kimchis. Total polyphenol content of kimchi was 52.75 mg％ in DG-kimchi, 47.71 mg％ in MS-kimchi, 44.89 mg％ in SG-kimchi, 30.70 mg％ in SB-kimchi on the 5th days of fermentation. Scores of crispy taste of SG- and DG-kimchi on the 5th days of fermentation was 4.03 and 4.01 points, respectively which was higher than control products. Scores of fishy and hot taste of GT-treated kimchi were lower than those of control products during all fermentation periods.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.345-359
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the fermentation characteristics of kimchi treated with different methods of water extracts of powdered green tea(GT). Four different kimchis, the SB-kimchi(control) which was not treatment of the extracts, SG-kimchi prepared with Chinese cabbage(CC) salted in 1％ GT containing 10％ brine, DG-kimchi prepared with CC dipped in 1％ GT for 30 min after salting, MS-kimchi prepared with the salted CC mixed with 1％ GT containing seasonings. All kimchis was fermented at 10$^{\circ}C$. The pH of treated-kimchis were maintained higher than those of control products during fermentation, but it showed no big difference between each treated groups. Total microbe of SB-kimchi(6.27-9.37 cfu/mL) was higher than those of GT-treated kimchi(5.17-9.20) during fermentation. The ratio of lactic acid bacteria against total microbe was higher than the treated kimchis. Total polyphenol content of kimchi was 52.75 mg％ in DG-kimchi, 47.71 mg％ in MS-kimchi, 44.89 mg％ in SG-kimchi, 30.70 mg％ in SB-kimchi on the 5th days of fermentation. Scores of crispy taste of SG- and DG-kimchi on the 5th days of fermentation was 4.03 and 4.01 points, respectively which was higher than control products. Scores of fishy and hot taste of GT-treated kimchi were lower than those of control products during all fermentation periods.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2009

In this research, the contents of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in various species of red pepper produced in the Goesan-gun County were determined by GC-MS. Further, the contents of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in powdered red pepper products with very hot, hot, normal and mild taste were analyzed to present the degree of hot taste in their products based on contents of capsaicin. The contents of capsaicin in each species of red pepper were from 25.18 mg%(Daetong) to 123.62 mg%(Cheongyang). In the powdered red pepper sold in the market, the contents (mg%) of capsaicin in very hot, hot, normal and mild taste products were 101.98, 67.63, 37.74, and 14.73, respectively. Based on this result, the classification of hot taste by contents of capsaicin was presented in the 7 grades. Namely, the products currently sold in the market were classified into very hot, hot, normal and mild taste. In this research, the degree of hot taste was classified based on contents of capsaicin into 1st grade over 120 mg%, 2nd grade in 100-120 mg%, 3rd grade in 80-100 mg%, 4th grade in 60-80 mg%, 5th grade in 40-60 mg%, 6th grade in 20-40 mg% and 7th grade below 20 mg%. Thus, it is expected that the problem which arises when preparing the products such as kimchi, gochujang and seasoning sauces by using powdered red pepper, namely, the inconsistency of hot taste can be improved and maintained.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.441-445
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• 2000

In order to improve phosphate use efficiency of rice using phosphate transporter (PT), transgenic rice plants containing a tobacco PT gene were developed. Calli from Dongjinbyeo (Oryza sativa L.) were cocultured with A. tumefaciens LBA 4404 harboring PT gene. Multiplied calli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 50 mg/L hygromycin, 500 mg/L carbenicillin, 2 mg/L kinetin, 0.1 mg/L NAA. After 2 weeks, hygromycin resistant shoots were obtained from the calli on the selection medium. The putative transgenic shoots were transferred to rooting MS medium supplemented with 250 mg/L cabenicillin. Plant regeneration rate from the calli was about 52%. Stable incorporation of the tobacco PT gene into rice genomic DNA was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2012

Iris dichotoma Pall. is an important endangered plant belonging to the family Iridaceae. A method was developed for the rapid micropropagation of I. dichotoma through plant regeneration from leaf, rhizome, and root explant-derived calli. Leaf, rhizome, and root segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D; $0-3.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) for callus induction. Callus production was highest at $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 2,4-D, where 73.8% and 45.5% of cultured rhizome and root cuttings, respectively, produced calli. The viable calli were maintained at an induced concentration of 2,4-D ($3.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$). They were then transferred to MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-D ($0-3.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) in combination with 6-benzyladenine (BA: 0, 1.0 and $3.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) for adventitious shoot regeneration. The addition of a low concentration of 2,4-D into BA-containing medium significantly increased the frequency of shoot regeneration in leaf, rhizome, and root-derived calli. The highest number of adventitious shoots (26.4 per callus) formed at $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/l BA. For rooting of the shoots, half- strength MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) $0-3.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was tested. The optimal results were observed using half-strength MS medium supplemented with $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IBA, on which 98% of the regenerated shoots developed roots with an average of 3.5 roots per shoot within 45 days. The plantlets raised in vitro were acclimatized and transferred to soil with 95% success. This in vitro propagation protocol will be useful for conservation and mass propagation of this endangered plant.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2001

The transport and allocation of photosynthetic assimilate is an important regulatory factor in plant productivity, In order to modify assimilate partitioning in rice, transgenic plants containing a potato sucrose transporter (SuT) gene were developed. Calli derived from rice seeds (Oryza sativa L. cv Dongjin) were cocultured with A. tumefaciens LBA 4404 harboring the SuT gene. Calli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 50 mg/L hygromycin, 500 mg/L carbenicillin, 2 mg/L kinetin, 0.1 mg/L NAA. After 2 weeks, hygromycin resistant shoots were obtained from the calli on the selection medium. Roots were induced from the putative transgenic shoots on rooting MS medium supplemented with 250 mg/L cabenicillin. Plant regeneration rate from the calli was about 150%. Stable incorporation of the potato SuT gene into rice genomic DNA was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.185-188
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• 2002

Off-white, friable embryogenic calluses were formed on the internal integument of mature seeds of yuzu (Citrus junos) cultured on Murashige and Skoog's basal medium at a frequency of 1.2%. Embryogenic calluses were proliferated when cultured on medium with 1 mg/L 2,4-D. Upon transfer to medium with 0.1 mg/L kinetin, embryogenic calluses produced numerous somatic embryos. Embryogenic suspension cultures were established by placing embryogenic calluses into liquid medium with 1 mg/L 2,4-D. When plated onto medium with 0.5 mg/L ABA, embryogenic cells developed into somatic embryos at a high frequency, and then regenerated into plantlets. Plantlets were successfully transplanted to potting soil and grown in a greenhouse.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.289-293
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• 1997

The effects of plant regulators on direct somatic embryogenesis in liquid culture of Rehmannia glutinosa were investigated and the proper explant for direct somatic embryo formation was studied. Direct somatic embryos were induced from leaf segments culture in the MS liquid medium containing 0.5 mg/l of both IAA and NAA, while IBA of 1.0 mg/l was required for the same effect. Many somatic embryos were directly formed at the concentration of 2.0 mg/l cytokinin such as BA, kinetin and zeatin, but somatic embryogenesis was relatively poor at above or below this level. Relatively more somatic embryos were induced in the combination of 1.0mg/l IAA and 2.0mg/l zeatin. Formation of somatic embryos begun after 6 weeks on stem segments, while 7 weeks both on petiole and leaf. However, overall production of somatic embryos after 8 weeks was higher in leaf segment than that of stem segment.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2002

Callus induction and embryogenesis were studied in three different genotypes of Acanthopanax senticosus, to develop a protocol for somatic embryogenesis and acclimatization. Young leaf, stem, node, petiole, peduncle, flower and root explants were collected from 3-year old trees of A. senticosus accessions (Korea, Russia and Japan). Callus was obtained from all cultured explants but showed the higher rate of callus formation in flower cultured. For the three A. senticosus accessions, callus was well formd on MS media containing 2mg/ l of 2,4-D and 2mg/ l of TDZ, 4mg/ l of 2,4-D and 1mg/ l of TDZ than other treatments. For three A. senticosus accessions, when callus transferred to MS medium with 2,4-D, embryogenic cell formed. For A. senticosus accessions Korea, embryogenic cells were obtained on callus induced from petiole, stem, node and root explants, and induction rate was lower than 3%. 200mg of embryogenic callus was transferred to MS free liquid medium and somatic embryos of heart stage were obtained after 45days of culture. When somatic embryo of germination stage were transferred to solid medium, most of the embryos were regenerated into plantlets on 1/4 MS medium. Normal plants with both shoots and roots were transferred to greenhouse soil and were successfully acclimatized.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.261-267
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• 2010

We describe culture conditions for a high-efficiency in vitro regeneration system of Papaver nudicaule through somatic embryogenesis and secondary somatic embryogenesis. The embryogenic callus induction rate was highest when petiole explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mg $1^{-1}$ ${\alpha}$-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.1 mg $1^{-1}$ 6-benzyladenine (BA) (36.7%). When transferred to plant growth regulator (PGR)-free medium, 430 somatic embryos formed asynchronously from 90 mg of embryogenic callus in each 100-ml flask. Early-stage somatic embryos were transferred to MS medium containing 1.0 mg $1^{-1}$ BA and 1.0 mg $1^{-1}$ NAA to germinate at high frequency (97.6%). One-third-strength MS medium with 1.0% sucrose and 1.0 mg $1^{-1}$ $GA_3$ had the highest frequency of plantlet conversion from somatic embryos (91.2%). Over 90% of regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimated in the greenhouse. Secondary somatic embryos were frequently induced directly when the excised hypocotyls of the primary somatic embryos were cultured on MS medium without PGRs. Sucrose concentration significantly affected the induction of secondary embryos. The highest induction rate (89.5) and number of secondary somatic embryos per explant (9.3) were obtained by 1% sucrose. Most secondary embryos (87.2-94.3%) developed into the cotyledonary stage on induction medium. All cotyledonary secondary embryos were converted into plantlets both in liquid and on semisolid 1/3-strength MS medium with 1.0% sucrose.