• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.22-38
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• 2015

While Modern Standard Arabic is the formal spoken and written language of the Arab world; dialects are the major communication mode for everyday life. Therefore, identifying a speaker's dialect is critical in the Arabic-speaking world for speech processing tasks, such as automatic speech recognition or identification. In this paper, we examine two approaches that reduce the Universal Background Model (UBM) in the automatic dialect identification system across the five following Arabic Maghreb dialects: Moroccan, Tunisian, and 3 dialects of the western (Oranian), central (Algiersian), and eastern (Constantinian) regions of Algeria. We applied our approaches to the Maghreb dialect detection domain that contains a collection of 10-second utterances and we compared the performance precision gained against the dialect samples from a baseline GMM-UBM system and the ones from our own improved GMM-UBM system that uses a Reduced UBM algorithm. Our experiments show that our approaches significantly improve identification performance over purely acoustic features with an identification rate of 80.49%.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2013

In this study, outstanding white rot fungi for biodegradation of organosolv lignin were selected on the basis of their ligninolytic enzyme system. Fifteen white rot fungi were evaluated for their ability to decolorize Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) in SSC and MEB medium, respectively. Six white rot fungi (Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Ceriporia lacerate, Fomitopsis insularis, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Polyporus brumalis, and Stereum hirsutum) decolorized RBBR rapidly in SSC medium within 3 days. The protein contents as well as the activities of manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase for 6 selected fungi were determined on the SSC medium with and without organosolv lignin. Interestingly, extracellular protein concentrations were determined to relative higher for S. hirsutum and P. chrysosporium in the presence of organosolv lignin than others. On the other hands, each fungus showed a different ligninolytic enzyme pattern. Among them, F. insularis resulted the highest ligninolytic enzyme activities on incubation day 6, indicating of 1,545 U/mg of MnP activity and 1,259 U/mg of laccase activity. In conclusion, $STH^*$ and FOI were considered as outstanding fungi for biodegradation of organosolv lignin, because $STH^*$ showed high extracellular protein contents and ligninolytic enzyme activities over all, and ligninolytic enzyme activities of FOI were the highest among white rot fungi used in this study.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the development rates of human embryos co-cultured with cumulus cells to each blastocyst stage. Human zygotes were co-cultured on cumulus cell monolayer in YS medium supplemented with 20% hFF. On day 2, if patient had four or more "good" embryos (regular blastomeres without fragmentation), embryos were further cultured for 72hrs. Blastocysts on day 5 were classified into early blastocyst (ErB), early expanding blastocyst (EEB), middle expanding Blastocyst (MEB), and expanded blastocyst (EdB) on the basis of their morphological aspects of trophectoderm cells and blastocoele. Subsequently, maximum 3 of best blastocysts were transferred in 486 cycles. The results in this study were as follows: Patients who had four or more "good" embryos on day 2 were 498 persons, but patients whose embryos could not be transferred due to failure in development to the blastocyst stage on day 5 were 12 persons (2.4%). The development rate of embryos to the blastocyst stage was 58.2% (2,885/4,957) on day 5, and the rates that developed to the ErB, EEB, MEB, and EdB stage were 15.0% (743/4,957), 14.9% (739/4,957), 14.4% (714/ 4,957), and 13.9% (689/4,957), respectively. Total 1366 blastocysts were transferred in 486 cycles (mean number=2.81). The implantation rate and the ongoing implantation rate obtained by observing the number of G-sac and FHB were 29.9% (409/1,366) and 22.5% (308/1,366), respectively. The clinical pregnancy rate was 51.2% (249/486), and the ongoing pregnancy rate' was 39.1% (190/486). Among women showing ongoing pregnancy, women with singleton were 50% (95/190), women with twin were 37.9% (72/190), and women with triplet were 12.1% (23/190). Although triplet pregnancy rate in this study was high such as 12.1%, because many blastocysts with high viability were produced in our co-culture system using cumulus cells on day 5, we really believe that a multiple pregnancy except twin should not occur by selecting good embryos for maximum two blastocyst transfer. These results demonstrate that autologous cumulus cells may be used for the production of blastocysts with high developmental competence, and the use of autologous cumulus cells to be collected easily, and to be treated conveniently at OPU must be an effective means for obtaining high implantation and pregnancy rate.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.50.2-50.2
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• 2009

ZnO 는 상온에서 3.37eV의 넓은 밴드갭과 60 meV의 엑시톤 결합에너지를 가지는 직접형 반도체로서 높은 투과성, 저가의 재료비, 비독성, 친환경적인 재료로서 발광다이오드, 디스플레이 응용분야 등 많은 부분에서 관심을 받고 있다. 유리 기판은무겁고 쉽게 깨지는 특성에도 불구하고 디스플레이 응용분야에서 폭넓게 사용되고 있으나 많은 연구자들은 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위해 플렉서블 기판위에서의 ZnO 성장 연구를 진행하고 있다 ZnO를 성장시키는 방법에는 molecular beam epitaxy (MEB), chemical vapordeposition (CVD), 그리고 atomic layer deposition (ALD)등많은 방법들이 있다. 이 연구에서 우리는 플렉서블기판의 플라즈마 전처리에 따른 ZnO의 구조적 그리고 광학적 특성에 대해 연구하였다. ZnO는 ALD 방법에 의해 성장되었고 반응물로는 temperature controlled bath 속에서 $10^{\circ}C$와 $30^{\circ}C$로 각각 온도를 유지시킨 diethylzinc (DEZn)과 distilled water ($H_2O$)를 사용하였다. 성장된 ZnO의 표면 morphology는atomic force microscope (AFM) 과 scanning electron microscope (SEM)으로 측정하였고, 광학적, 구조적특성은 Photoluminescence (PL)와 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 방법으로 각각으로 측정 되었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.301-307
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• 2012

The hyphal growth, production of color pigments and monacolin K by Monascus strains were investigated in liquid medium. Thirty five different strains were collected and cultured in potato dextrose yeast extract broth (PDYB), potato dextrose broth (PDB) and malt extract broth (MEB) medea at $25^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The growth rates of most of strains were highest in PDYB medium. Growth rate as well as pigment production were influenced by suspension conditions of mycelia during liquid cultivation. Most of strains producing monacolin K corresponded to strains producing red pigment highly and showing more pH changes of liquid media. Monacolin K produced from strains was detected in culture broth as well as mycelia. Any citrinin was not detected in monacolin K producing strains. These results imply that the selection of the strains producing red pigment highly and showing more pH changes in liquid cultivation could be applied for primary screening of Monascus strains for preparation of red mold rice.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.4B
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• pp.236-244
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• 2012

The minimum energy broadcast problem is for all deployed nodes to minimize a total transmission energy for performing a broadcast operation in wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a Tabu search algorithm to solve efficiently the minimum energy broadcast problem on the basis of meta-heuristic approach in wireless sensor networks. In order to make a search more efficient, we propose a novel neighborhood generating method and a repair function of the proposed algorithm. We compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with other existing algorithms through some experiments in terms of the total transmission energy of nodes and algorithm computation time. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient for the minimum energy broadcast problem in wireless sensor networks.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2021

The fungal genus Trametes is globally distributed and comprises various wood-decay species, including the well-known medicinal mushroom Trametes versicolor, a popular remedy in traditional Asian medicine. Trametes species produce antioxidants, which have a wide range of health benefits. The pressent study evaluated seven indigenous Trametes species from Korea, which were cultivated in three different media (dextrose-yeast extract, DY; malt extract-yeast extract, MY; malt extract broth, MEB) and tested for antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. We found that the medium consumption rate did not significantly differ between the media and among the strains (72-76%). However, the T. versicolor strains had a relatively low consumption rate (14-65%). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) tests demonstrated that culture filtrates of T. cf. junipericola, T. orientalis, T. suaveolens, and T. versicolor possessed antioxidant activity against damage from free radicals. In particular, T. cf. junipericola (DY) and T. versicolor (MY) had >80% activity in the DPPH and ABTS assays, compared with that of the positive control (ascorbic acid). Thus, our study identified promising candidates with substantial antioxidant activity among the indigenous strains of Trametes spp. from Korea.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.125-140
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• 2016

We analyzed the cultural characteristics of isolated brewing fungi for developing fermentation starters. In a previous study, we collected 87 domestic nuruk, from which 481 fungi strains were isolated and 11 were selected showing improved productivity. After culturing these 11 fungi strains in several types of media, temperatures, carbon and nitrogen sources, Rhizopus sp. grew well in MEA, ME20S, PDA medium while Aspergillus sp. grew well in ME20S and YES. Both Rhizopus sp. and Aspergillus sp. survived well at optimal growth temperatures of 30 and $37^{\circ}C$. Rhizopus sp. utilized lactose, glucose and peptone sources while Aspergillus sp. utilized glucose, mannose, fructose and yeast extract sources. ${\alpha}-Amylase$ activity was excellent in L. ramosa CN044, R. oryzae 82-7(MEB), R. oryzae CN174 and A. oryzae 58-11(WEB) culture extracts. This study suggests that R. delemar 26-4, 58-8 and A. oryzae 78-5, 37-7 might be appropriate fungi strains for fermentation starters based on development of large fungi bodies and their good enzyme activities.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.272-278
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• 2018

Lignin degrading enzymes from Lentinula edodes have broad substrate specificities, and therefore can degrade a variety of recalcitrant compounds. In this study, the lignolytic biodegradation was investigated in five different L. edodes fungi (Chunbaegko, Sanjo 303ho, Poongnyunko, Baekhwahyang, and Soohyangko). The fungi were evaluated for their ability to decolorize Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) in malt extract broth medium. Sanjo 303ho, Poongnyunko, Baekhwahyang, and Soohyangko rapidly decolorized RBBR within 7 days. The activities of manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase were determined in the absence and presence of lignin. Poongnyunko displayed the highest ligninolytic activity on day 7 of incubation (2,809 U/mg and 2,230 U/mg for MnP and laccase, respectively).

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.319-326
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• 1996

The objective of this study was to investigate correlation between the morphology by microscopic assessments of surplus blastocysts produced in human IVF program and their cell number obtained by differential labelling method. For these experiments, 76 surplus human blastocysts were obtained from 36 patients on day 5 after IVF, the embryos were classified to early (ErB), early expanding (EEB), middle expanding (MEB), expanded blastocyst (EdB) according to their blastocoel expansion and zona thickness. When the ovum size and zona thickness of the classified blastocysts were measured using micrometer, although the embryos were produced in the same culture condition, there were significant variances in ovum size ($148.8 217.6{\mu}m$) and zona thickness ($1.2-14.4{\mu}m$). Total blastomere cell number counted after hoechst staining was increased by two to three fold during the transition period from ErB ($39.1{\pm}3.6$) to EdB ($(89.6{\pm}3.3)$) stage on day 5 after IVF. ICM ($11.9{\pm}1.8-22.2{\pm}4.3$) and TE ($24.5{\pm}3.6-70.0{\pm}7.7$) cell numbers using differential labelling were also showed the increased pattern according to the developmental level. Especially, EdB which showed poor ICM morphologically also indicated the low ICM cell number after differential labelling. This demonstrated that there is good correlation between the morphological assessment and the cell number. The count of ICM and TE nuclei using differential labelling can be used as an important criterion, if it is accompanied with morphological assessments, in selecting the better embryos for improving the pregnancy rates in human blastocyst transfer program.