• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2022

Despite considerable efforts, cancer remains an aggressive killer worldwide. Chemotherapeutic drugs that are currently in use lead to destructive side effects and have not succeeded in fulfilling expectations. For centuries, medicinal plants are used for treating various diseases and are also known to have anticancer activity. The main aim of this research was to evaluate antiproliferative activity of saffron, clove, fenugreek, and green tea on Vero and MDA-MB-231 cell lines and to subsequently analyze the effect of these extracts on IRAK-4, TAK1, IKK-alpha, IKK-beta, NF-Kappa B, IRF3, IRF7 genes in Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) pathway. Antiproliferative assay was done by Neutral Red Dye uptake assay. Methanolic extract of green tea was found to be most effective against both cell lines as IC₅₀ was achieved at least concentration of the extract. For molecular studies, MDAMB-231 cells were sensitized with methanolic extract of green tea at same IC₅₀, and RT-PCR was performed to determine the relative expression of genes. Expression of IRAK-4, TAK1, IKK-beta, NF-Kappa B, IRF3 genes was down regulated and IRF7 and IKKalpha was upregulated. Green tea has a potential cytotoxic effect on both cell lines which was demonstrated by its effect on the expression of (TLRs) pathway genes.

• 생약학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2020

The CHCl₃ fraction of the MeOH extract of Ganoderma gibbosum (Ganodermataceae) exhibited cytotoxic activity on five cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, SK-hep1, A549, HCT116, and SNU638). Six highly oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenoids (lanostanoids) were isolated by column chromatography to test cytotoxicity on cancer cells. The five known lanostanoids were identified as gibbosic acids A, B, D, G, and H by comparison of molecular ion peaks with the literature data. The structure of a new lanostanoid, gibbosic acids I, was identified to be 3β,8β,15β,20S-tetrahydroxy-7,12,23-trioxolanost-9(11)-en-26-oic acid on the basis of NMR and MS spectroscopy. The three lanostanoids of gibbosic acids A, H, and I of the six isolates significantly suppressed the growth of cancer cells. In particular, the IC₅₀ of gibbosic acid H was prominently low ranging from 2.64-6.56 μM.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2006

Genistein was tested for chemopreventive potential against breast cancer by measuring the effect on proliferation of human breast cancer cells, human placental aromatase activity and cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) expression and activity, Genistein inhibited the growth of estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell. However, there is no inhibitory effect of genistein on human placental aromatase activity. The expression of COX-2 was inhibited by genistein in Western blot analysis. Genistein significantly inhibited COX-2 activity at the concentrations of 10 (p<0.05), 25 (p<0.05) and 50 ${\mu}M$ (p<0.01). These results suggest that genistein may have breast cancer chemopreventive potential by inhibiting the growth of human breast cancer cell and expression and activity of COX-2.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2019

Ultrasound sonication along with microbubble (MB) could enhance drug delivery to promote the absorption of anticancer drugs into cancers in a noninvasive and targeted manners. In this study, we verify the acute drug delivery enhancement (within an hour) of two representative focused ultrasound driven drug delivery enhancement methods (MB and Doxorubicin-coated Nanoparticle complex (MB-NP) based). Experiments were conducted using in vivo mouse model with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Ultrasound generated by single-element 1 MHz focused ultrasound transducer was delivered in pulsed sonication consisted of 0.125 msec bursts at a pulse repetition frequency of 2 Hz for 20 seconds without a significant increase in local temperature (less than $0.1^{\circ}C$) or hemorrhage. Doxorubicin concentrations in tumors were improved by 1.97 times in the case of MB-NP, and 1.98 times by using Doxorubicin and MB separately. These results indicate anticancer drug delivery based on MB and MB-NP can significantly improve the effect of anticancer drugs delivered to tumors in a short time period by using low-intensity focused ultrasound.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2003년도 Annual Meeting of KSAP : International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences on Obesity
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• pp.90-90
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• 2003

The acetylation of histone is one of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression and is tightly controlled by two core enzymes, histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and deacetylase (HDAC). There are several reports that imbalance of HAT and HDAC activity is associated with abnormal behavior of the cells in morphology, cell cycle, differentiation, and carcinogenesis. Recently, an increasing number of structurally diverse HDAC inhibitors have been identified that inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation and/or apoptosis of tumor cells in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we have investigated the effects of novel HDAC inhibitors, IN2001 on ER positive and ER negative human breast cancer cell lines. The growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of cells by HDAC inhibitors were determined using SRB assay, DNA fragmentation, and flow cytometry. We found that IN 2001 as well as Trichostatin A inhibited cell growth dose-dependently in both ER positive and ER negative human breast cancer cell lines. The growth inhibition with HDAC inhibitors was associated with profound morphological change. The result of cell cycle analysis after 24 h exposure of IN2001 showed G2-M cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cell and apoptosis in T47D and MDA-MB-231 cell. In summary, IN2001 has antiproliferative effect on human breast cancer cells regardless of the expression of estrogen receptor. These findings heights the possibility of developing HDAC inhibitors as potential anticancer therapeutic agents for the treatment of breast cancer.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.180-180
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• 2003

The acetylation of histone is one of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression and is tightly controlled by two core enzymes, histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and deacetylase (HDAC). There are several reports that imbalance of HAT and HDAC activity is associated with abnormal behavior of the cells in morphology, cell cycle, differentiation, and carcinogenesis. Recently, an increasing number of structurally diverse HDAC inhibitors have been identified that inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation and/or apoptosis of tumor cells in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we have investigated the effects of novel HDAC inhibitors, IN2001 on ER positive and ER negative human breast cancer cell lines. The growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of cells by HDAC inhibitors were determined using SRB assay, DNA fragmentation, and flow cytometry. We found that IN 2001 as well as Trichostatin A inhibited cell growth dose-dependently in both ER Positive and ER negative human breast cancer cell lines. The growth inhibition with HDAC inhibitors was associated with profound morphological change. The result of cell cycle analysis after 24 h exposure of IN2001 showed G2-M cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cell and apoptosis in T47B and MDA-MB-231 cell. In summary, IN2001 has antiproliferative effect on human breast cancer cells regardless of the expression of estrogen receptor. These findings heights the possibility of developing HDAC inhibitors as potential anticancer therapeutic agents for the treatment of breast cancer.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2008

연 x-선 현미경은 '물의 창' 영역 ($2.3{\sim}4.4nm$)의 파장을 이용하여, 수십 nm의 분해능으로 세포를 파괴하지 않고 살아있는 상태에서 세포의 내부구조를 관찰할 수 있어 가시광선현미경과 전자현미경을 단점을 보완하는 특징을 갖는 세포 생물학 연구에 적합한 현미경이다. 그러나 기존 연 x-선 현미경은 광원으로 방사선 가속기를 이용하기 때문에 사용이 제한적이었다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 2.88nm의 연 x-선을 광원으로 사용하는 소형 연 x-선 현미경을 이용하여, 내포작용에 의해 금 나노입자를 포획한 HT1080과 MDA-MB 231 세포의 영상을 약 60nm 분해능으로 획득하였다. 금 나노입자의 세포에 대한 독성을 제거하기 위하여 폴리에틸렌 글리콜을 캡핑하였고, 2.88nm 파장의 연 x-선에 대하여 충분한 조영효과로 인하여 세포영상에서 뚜렷한 대조도를 나타내었다. 내포작용에 의해 액포에 포함되어 있는 다양한 크기의 금 나노입자 군집을 확인하였으며, 세포내부의 액포의 분포상태도 관찰할 수 있었다. 따라서 고분해능을 가진 소형 연 x-선 현미경을 이용하여 금 나노입자를 세포내의 미세기관이나 특정 단백질에 표지하면 연 x-선에 대한 조영효과의 증가에 의하여 더욱 유용한 정보를 획득할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

Curcumin has diverse anticancer activities that lead to tumor growth inhibition of cancer cells and induction of apoptosis. Curcumin is involved in the regulation of multiple genes via transcription factors including NF-${\kappa}B$, STATs, AP1, and SP. Notch signaling plays critical roles in maintaining the balance between cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and thereby may contribute to the development of various cancers involving breast cancer. This study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on Notch1 gene expression and to explore the underlying mechanism. Here, we found that curcumin decreased the levels of Notch1 mRNA and protein in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, along with the downregulation of Sp family genes (Sp1, Sp2, Sp3, and Sp4). The repressive effect of curcumin on Notch1 gene transcription was confirmed by performing Notch1 promoter-driven reporter assay and three Sp-binding sites were identified on Notch1 promoter that may act as curcumin-respose elements. Moreover, treatment with mitramycin A, a specific Sp inhibitor, decreased the levels of Notch1 mRNA and protein in human breast cancer cells. Taken together, our results indicate that Notch1 gene expression is downregulated by curcumin, at least in part, through the suppression of Sp family, which may lead to apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.442-447
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• 2019

이상의 연구 결과로 미루어 볼 때, 도깨비부채 잎(RPL)은 ${\beta}-catenin$의 분해 유도를 통해 대장암, 유방암, 폐암, 전립선암 및 췌장암 세포의 생육을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 결과는 도깨비부채 잎의 항암을 위한 대체보완소재 및 천연 항암제 개발을 위한 소재로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 추가적 연구를 통해 도깨비 부채 잎의 항암 활성물질의 분석연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7553-7558
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• 2014

The Piwi subfamily comprises two argonaute (Ago) family proteins, which are defined by the presence of PAZ and Piwi domains, with well known roles in RNA silencing. Hiwi, a human Piwi subfamily member, has been shown to play essential roles in stem cell self-renewal and gametogenesis. Recently, accumulating reports have indicated that abnormal hiwi expression is associated with poorer prognosis of multiple types of human cancers, including examples in the breast. However, little is known about details of the oncogenic role of hiwi in breast cancers. In present study, we confirmed overexpression of hiwi in breast cancer specimens and breast cancer cell lines at both mRNA and protein levels. Thus both RT-qPCR and Western blot data revealed significantly higher hiwi in intratumor than peritumor specimens, overexpression being associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and histological grade. Hiwi overexpression was also identified in breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, and gain-of-function and loss-of-function strategies were adopted to identify the role of hiwi in the MCF-7 cell growth. Results demonstrated that hiwi expression in MCF-7 cells was significantly up- or down-regulated by the two strategies. We next evaluated the influence of hiwi overexpression or knockdown on the growth of breast cancer cells. Both cell count and colony formation assays confirmed promoting roles of hiwi in MCF-7 cells, which could be inhibited by hiwi specific blockage by siRNAs. In summary, the present study confirmed overexpression of hiwi in breast cancer specimens and breast cancer cell lines, and provided e vidence of promotion by hiwi of cell growth. The results imply an oncogenic role of hiwi in breast cancers.