• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1581-1590
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• 2009

Hizikia fusiforme is a kind of brown edible seaweed that mainly grows in the temperate seaside areas of the northwest pacific, including Korea, Japan and China, and has been widely used as a health food for hundreds of years. Recently, H. fusiforme has been known to exert pharmacological activities including antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticoagulant activities. However, the molecular mechanisms of H. fusiforme in malignant cells have not been clearly elucidated yet. In this study, the effects of ethyl alcohol extract of H. fusiforme (EAHF) on the anti-proliferative effects of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were investigated. EAHF treatment resulted in a concentration-dependent growth inhibition by including apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells and G1 phase arrest in MCF-7 cells, which could be proved by MTT assay, DAPI staining, agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry analysis. In MDA-MB-231 cells, the increase in apoptosis induced by EAHF treatment correlated with up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax expression. EAHF treatment induced the proteolytic activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, and a concomitant inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, $\beta$-catenin, phospholipase-${\gamma}1$ protein and DNA fragmentation factor 45/inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase. Taken together, these findings provide important new insights into the possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of H. fusiforme.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.293-299
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• 2016

$^{137}Cs$ was investigated in river bottom sediments located in South-Han River basin and it was compared with international case studies to estimate the concentration level of $^{137}Cs$ in river sediment of Korea. The obtained values of $^{137}Cs$ which was analyzed by gamma-ray spectrometry were in the range of <$MDA{\sim}3.80{\pm}0.14Bq/kg{\cdot}dry$ and similar to the $^{137}Cs$ activities in soil of Korea. According to international case studies, $^{137}Cs$ activities were between 3.7 to $15,396Bq/kg{\cdot}dry$, when pollutants such as nuclear power plant accidents and radiation leaks were present near the rivers. The $^{137}Cs$ activities showed a variety of distribution depending on the country, when pollution occurs and survey time. Also, $^{137}Cs$ activities of river sediments without pollution sources were mostly less than $10Bq/kg{\cdot}dry$ in other countries. It was comparable with the obtained $^{137}Cs$ activities in this study. The obtained values provide useful information on the background concentration of $^{137}Cs$ in river sediment and will be able to use a basis for determining contamination of $^{137}Cs$ in the river.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1214-1221
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• 1998

The study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant effects of ethanol, methanol, and water extracts or fractions of ethanol extract of Ligularia fischeri on low density lipoprotein(LDL) and ethanol extract was further fractionated. The methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction showed strong antioxidant effect with 71.7% (13.36 nmol/mg) and 95% (1.35 nmol/mg) inhibition in the presence of $15\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In the value of malondialdehyde(MDA) with oxidation time, ethanol, methanol and water extract in the presence of $25\;{\mu}g/mL$ inhibited the oxidation up to 4h incubation and ethyl acetate fraction showed strong antioxidant effect up to 8h incubation. Also, the ethanol, methanol and water extract showed antioxidant effects in the agarose gel electrophoresis test. The conjugated diene formation by lipid oxidation with addition of $Cu^{2+}$ in the Ligularia fischeri extracts and their fractions was decreased approximately 1.1 to 2.8 times and 2.2 to 3.2 times, respectively compared to control. In the degradation of apo B-100 by oxidation using SDS-PAGE, ethanol, methanol and water extract showed similar degradation band pattern compared to that of native LDL band. Apo B-100 contents using densitometer were 77.8, 92.5% and 82.3% in the ethanol, methanol and water extract, respectively, compared to 100% of native LDL. In the meanwhile, apo B-100 contents in hexane, ethyl acetate and water fraction were 38.8, 94.5 and 65.5% respectively. This results indicated that ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest antioxidant effect on MDA value or apo B-100 contents of LDL.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.5 s.95
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• pp.720-727
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional properties of medicinal plant extracts. Four kinds of medicinal plants, Dioscorea batatas(DB), Armeniacae Semen(AS) Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge(CP) and Ponciri Fractus(PF), were extracted with water and 70% ethanol and the extracts were tested for their electron donating ability(EDA), nitrite scavenging ability(NSA) and inhibitory effects on cancer cells(MDA cell and A549 cell)growth. EDA at 100-1,000 ppm of water extract ranged from 3% to 14%, 14% to 36%, 29% to 72% and 14% to 43%, and that of ethanol extract ranged from 9% to 62%, 27% to 59%, 33% to 89% and 14% to 44%, in DB, AS, CP and PF, respectively. NSA of extracts measured at various pH(1.2, 3.0, 4.2, 6.0) showed the highest ability in all extracts at pH 1.2 and decreased with increasing pH. The highest NSA of water extracts of 1,000 ppm at pH 1.2 was 6%, 31%, 55% and 44% and that of ethanol extract was15%, 32%, 69% and 52%, in DB, AS, CP and PF, respectively Inhibition ratio of water and ethanol extracts on MDA cell growth was 24% and 17%, 51% and 93%, 46% and 69%, and 48% and 47%, while that on A549 cell was 18% and 9%, 6% and 3%, 7% and 3%, and 43% and 11%, at 1,000 ppm, in DB, AS, CP and PF, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1476-1482
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• 2010

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of swimming training on response of lipid peroxide (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity of hyperlipidemic rats. Twenty-five male SD rats (6 weeks old) were randomly divided into a control group and 4 swimming groups after hyperlipidemia induction for 4 weeks through a 1% cholesterol diet. Swimming groups were then divided into unloaded swimming group, low-loaded swimming group, moderate-loaded swimming group and high-loaded swimming group by swimming intensity, and made to swim for 6 weeks (6 days/week). The loaded swimming group rats among the swimming groups swam a lead weight equivalent to 0%, 3%, 5% and 7% of body weight attached to the base of the tail. All data were expressed as mean and standard deviation by using an SPSS/$PC^+$ program, and to evaluate the differences between groups, data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test (${\alpha}$=0.05) was performed to test the significant levels of differences between groups. The conclusions obtained from this study were as follows: 1) all swimming groups had significantly lower levels of MDA than the control group (p<0.001). Among the swimming groups, the moderate-loaded group had a significantly lower level than the unloaded group, low-loaded group and high-loaded group (p<0.001). 2) all swimming groups had significantly higher levels of SOD than the control group (p<0.01). Among swimming groups, the unloaded group, moderate-loaded group and high-loaded group had significantly higher levels than the low-loaded group (p<0.01).

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2000

Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of exercise on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, super oxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPX) and catalase(CAT) of skeletal muscle(gastrocnemius) and liver in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. The malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration was also measured as an index of lipid poroxidation of tho tissues by exercise-induced oxidative stresses in diabetic rats. Material and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control and STZ-induced diabetic rats. The STZ in citrate buffer solution was injected twice at S days intervals intraperitoneally(50, 70 mg/kg respectively). On the 28th day after the first STZ injection, the diabetic animals were randomly divided into pre- and post-exercise groups, The exercise was introduced to the rats of post-exercise group by treadmill running until exhaution with moderate intensity ($V_{O2max}$: 50-70%) of exercise. The duration of average running time was 2 hours and 19 minutes. Results: The blood glucose concentration was increased(p<0.001) and plasma insulin concentration was decreased(p<0.001) in the diabetic rats. The glycogen concentration in the muscle and liver was decreased by exhaustive exercise in the diabetic rats(p<0.001), In the skeletal muscle, the activities of GPX was increased(p<0.05) and the activities of SOD and CAT were not changed in the diabetic rats compare to those of the control rats. The activities of GPX was not changed by exercise but the activities of SOD(p<0.01) and CAT(p<0.01) were decreased by exercise in the diabetic rats, The concentration of MDA was not changed by exercise in diabetic rats, and the values of pre-exercise and post-exercise diabetic rats were not different from the value those of control rats, In the liver, the activities of SOD was decreased(p<0.01), and the activities of GPX and CAT were not changed in diabetic rats compared to the values of control rats, The activities of SOD, GPX and CAT were not changed by exercise in diabetic rats but the activity of SOD seemed to decrease slightly, The MDA concentration was increased in the diabetic rats compared to the values of control rats(p<0.001), but there was no change of MDA concentration by exercise in diabetic rats, Conclusions: In summary, exhaustive physical exercise did not seem to impose oxidative stress on the skeletal muscle because of due to oxygen free radicals, regardless of the decrease in SOD and CAT in the diabetic rats, In liver tissue, the tissue damage by oxidative stress was observed in diabetic rats but the additional tissue damage by exhaustive physical exercise was not observed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.293-299
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• 2014

Compton suppression device is a device by using the Compton scattering reaction and suppress the Compton continuum portion of the spectrum, so can be made more clear analysis of gamma ray peak in the Compton continuum region. Measurements above background occurs or, radioactivity counts of radioactivity concentration value of $^{40}K$ nuclides $^{137}Cs$ and natural radioactivity artificial radioactivity detected from the surface soil sample, unwanted non-target analysis and interference peak who dotted line you know the calibration of the measurement energy is allowed to apply the (Compton suppression) non-suppressed spectrum inhibition spectrum and (Compton Unsuppression) the background to the measured value of the activity concentration value of the standard-ray source is detected relative to the peak of By measuring according to the different distances cause $^{137}Cs$, and comparative analysis of the Monte Carlo simulation, in order to obtain a detection capability for efficient, looking at the Compton inhibitor, as the CSF value increases with increase in the distance, more It was found that the background due to Compton continuum of the measured spectrum suppression mode Compton unrestrained mode can know that the Compton suppression many were made, using a $^{137}Cs$ is reduced.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.53-63
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the physiological activityof the water extract from EA. The present study was done to investigate the effects of EA on cultured hepatocyte cell system and lipid peroxidation in $A{\beta}$ treatment conditions. Pretreatment of EA attenuated in cell cytotoxicity enhanced by increasing concentrations of $A{\beta}$. MDA level induced by $A{\beta}$ treatment was significantly increased and the level was slightly reduced by pretreatment of EA. The ability of EA to reduce cell death and MDA level induced by $A{\beta}$ suggest that EA may be a protective agent against free radical generating compounds such as $A{\beta}$. EA exhibited anti oxidative activity at all concentration tested.The extract was as good as antioxidative activity of the synthetic antioxidants, butylated hydroxy toluene and ascorbic acid. Furthermore, this was superior to that of natural antioxidant, a-tocopherol. In the presence of heavy metal ions ($Fe^{2+},{\;}Zn^{2+}$), EA showed strong antioxidative activity. The extracts showed about 3075% in the nitrite scavenging effect under pH 1.2 and $37^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr. There was significant difference among concentration of extracts.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.141-148
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• 2006

Surveys of radioactive contamination were performed for imported foodstuffs in 2003. The following samples among imported foodstuffs were selected from markets and Korea Food and Drug Administration(KFDA); the imported samples from country associated with the Chernobyl nuclear accident, the samples produced around the nuclear power plants or nuclear tests, the foodstuffs reported as radioacitive contamination materials in foreign country. After pretreatments such as drying and homogenization, samples were analyzed. The $^{137}Cs$ radionuclide was only measured among the regulation radionuclides($^{137}Cs,\;^{134}Cs,\;^{131}I$) of food code. All foodstuffs except Inonotus Obliquus(Chaga mushooms) are less than 17.0 Bq/kg or below the minimum detectable activity(MDA). The activity concentrations of Chaga mushrooms from Russia ranged up to 131.25 Bq/ltg which is almost 35 % of the maximum permitted level of food code. The fraction of imported foodstuffs having meaningful radioactivity is small, however, the radioactive contamination survey of imported foodstuffs is still needed.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.203-213
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• 2000

To investigate the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on capacitation, acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa. Human spermatozoa were incubated with xanthine-xanthine oxidase (X-XO), $H_2O$$_2$, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or lymphocyte. Otherwise, spermatozoa were incubated under low $O_2$ (5 ％) condition. Chlortetracycline (CTC) staining was conducted to assess capacitation and acrosome reaction. Analysis of lipid peroxidation was done by spectrophotometric determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) production in spermatozoa. $H_2O$$_2$, X-XO, SNP and lymphocyte treatment significantly increased capacitated spermatozoa within 1 h of incubation. There was no significant difference in capacitation between low- and high $O_2$ groups. In the presence of low concentration of $H_2O$$_2$, lipid peroxidation decreased significantly. However, under the high concentration of $H_2O$$_2$, lipid peroxidation significantly increased at the end of incubation compared to control. In the presence of high concentration of lymphocytes, lipid peroxidation significantly increased compared to control at 1hr of incubation. There was no significant difference in lipid peroxidation according to $O_2$ concentration examined. Acrosome reaction (AR) was evaluated by CTC staining after the progesterone challenge. In all ROS groups, AR increased compared to control. The X(100 $\mu$M) - XO (100mIU) system was the most potent to induce AR. Taken together, it suggested positive control of AR by ROS and the positive relationship between the lipid peroxidation and AR. The early onset of capacitation in the presence of ROS suggest that ROS might be a positive regulator of sperm capacitation and hyperactivation.