Journal of Life Science (생명과학회지)

Korean Society of Life Science (한국생명과학회)
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Apoptosis Induction of Human Breast Carcinoma Cells by Ethyl Alcohol Extract of Hizikia fusiforme

Apoptosis 유도에 의한 톳 ethyl alcohol 추출물의 인체 유방암세포 증식 억제

  • Jung, Sun-Hwa (Department of Biomaterial Control, Graduate School, Dongeui University) ;
  • Hwang, Won-Deuk (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University) ;
  • Nam, Taek-Jeong (Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Choi, Yung-Hyun (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University)
  • 정선화 (동의대학교 대학원 바이오물질제어학과) ;
  • 황원덕 (동의대학교 한의학과, 신계내과학교실) ;
  • 남택정 (부경대학교 수산과학대학 식품생명공학부) ;
  • 최영현 (동의대학교 한의학과, 신계내과학교실)
  • Published : 2009.11.30
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Abstract

Hizikia fusiforme is a kind of brown edible seaweed that mainly grows in the temperate seaside areas of the northwest pacific, including Korea, Japan and China, and has been widely used as a health food for hundreds of years. Recently, H. fusiforme has been known to exert pharmacological activities including antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticoagulant activities. However, the molecular mechanisms of H. fusiforme in malignant cells have not been clearly elucidated yet. In this study, the effects of ethyl alcohol extract of H. fusiforme (EAHF) on the anti-proliferative effects of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were investigated. EAHF treatment resulted in a concentration-dependent growth inhibition by including apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells and G1 phase arrest in MCF-7 cells, which could be proved by MTT assay, DAPI staining, agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry analysis. In MDA-MB-231 cells, the increase in apoptosis induced by EAHF treatment correlated with up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax expression. EAHF treatment induced the proteolytic activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, and a concomitant inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, $\beta$-catenin, phospholipase-${\gamma}1$ protein and DNA fragmentation factor 45/inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase. Taken together, these findings provide important new insights into the possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of H. fusiforme.

H. fusiformis는 갈조식물, 모자반과의 해조류로서 우리나라의 서해안, 남해안, 및 제주도를 비롯해 중국, 일본 등 아시아 전역에 서식하는 천연자원식물이다. 최근 톳의 항산화 활성에 대한 연구는 활발히 이루어지고 있으나 항암에 대한 연구 및 분자생물학적 기전연구가 많이 미흡한 편이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인체 유방암세포주인 MDA-MB-231 및 MCF-7 세포를 대상으로 톳 에탄올 추출물(EAHF)에 의한 증식억제에 대하여 조사한 결과, 두 세포주 모두에서 EAHF을 처리하지 않은 군과 비교하여 EAHF의 처리 농도가 증가할수록 암세포의 증식이 현저하게 억제되었고 심한 형태적 변화를 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 유방암 세포의 증식억제 및 형태변화는 MDAMB-231에서는 apoptosis 유발과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었고, EAHF에 의해 유발된 apoptosis 정도를 정량적으로 분석하기 위하여 flow cytometry를 이용하여 apoptosis 유발 세포군에 해당하는 sub-G1기에 속하는 세포들의 빈도를 측정하였다. MDA-MB-231세포의 경우는 EAHF의 처리 농도의 증가에 따라 sub-G1기에 해당하는 세포의 빈도가 증가하여 $400{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서는 약 23% 정도가 나타났지만 MCF-7 세포에서는 apoptosis 유발보다는 G1 arrest 효과가 높게 나타났다. 또한 염색질 응축과 연관된 apoptotic body 형성과 함께 apoptosis 유발의 직접적인 증거에 해당하는 DNA fragmentation 여부를 agarose gel 전기영동으로 조사하였다. MDAMB-231 세포에서는 apoptosis가 일어난 세포들에서 볼 수 있는 전형적인 DNA laddering을 관찰 할 수 있었지만 MCF-7세포에서는 DNA laddering이 거의 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 apoptosis 유발에 관여하는 여러 유전자들의 발현에 EAHF이 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 조사한 결과, MDA-MB-231 및 MCF-7 세포 모두에서 death receptor에 속하는 여러 유전자의 발현에는 아무런 변화가 나타나지 않았으나, MDA-MB-231 세포에서 pro-apoptotic Bax의 발현 증가와 caspase-9 및 -3의 활성화, caspase-3의 기질 단백질들의 분해 등이 관찰되었다.

Keywords

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