• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2003

This study was conducted to select the ozone tolerant individuals of Cornus controversa Hemsl., and to use malondialdehyde (MDA) content as an indicator of plant damage level for several oxidative stress levels. Seeds of C. controversa were collected at 9 provinces in Korea. One-year-old seedlings were grown in greenhouses and exposed to 100 pub ozone concentration for 8h day$^{-1}$ for 10 weeks. At the termination of ozone exposure, heights of seedlings were measured and MDA contents in the leaves were analyzed. Tolerant, intermediate, and sensitive individuals were selected using the standardized indices of height and MDA content. Height and MDA content of C. controversa exposed to ozone were significantly different among individuals and provinces. MDA content showed negative correlation (r=-0.531, p$\leq$ 0.001) with height growth performance. Height and MDA content of tolerant individuals presented significant differences from those of sensitive individuals. As a result, MDA content may be suitable for the evaluation of the damage level of plants by oxidative stress.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.16D no.3
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• pp.381-394
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• 2009

As a technique to enhance reusability for the created artifacts in software modeling process, the model driven method such like MDA has been applied. Unfortunately, the hierarchical and systematic MDA based development technique using UML is poor yet. This causes the problem that the MDA modeling with high consistency and reusability based on MDA metamodel is not being realized. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a MDA (PIM/PSM) component modeling technique using 2+1 view integrated metamodel. At first, the meta-architecture view model which can represents development process view and MVC view is defined. Then, the hierarchical integrated metamodels per view are addressed separately for modeling process and MVC at metamodel level on the hierarchy of the defined meta-architecture view model. These metamodels are defined hierarchically by layering the modeling elements in PIM and PSM pattern for UML models and GUI models. Appling the proposed metamodel to an ISMS application system, it is shown as a component modeling case study based on MDA. Through this approach, we are able to perform a component model with consistency and hierarchy corresponding to development process and MVC way. Accordingly, this may improve more independence and reusability of model.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.153-162
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• 2005

Component Based Development (CBD) is appealing as a technology to improve the productivity of software development through component reuse. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is a new development paradigm which automatically generates application by transforming design models incrementally. Since both reusability of CBD and model transformation of MDA increase software productivity. integration of two technologies is desirable. To enable this technology integration, we need to devise a UML profile for specifying component design as a PIM. In this paper, we first define a meta-model for components, and propose a UML profile which is used to specify elements of component design as PIM. Since the proposed profile is based on Meta Object Facility (MOF) from which is MDA is derived, it is consistent and compatible with existing MDA methods and tools.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.2
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• pp.187-196
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• 2008

The system development approach method of the new paradigm, as being standardizing MDA(Model Driven Architecture) in OMG(Object Management Group), the core technique of MDA definite technique structure for system materialization focusing on Model, is to build the design and the statement for system in PIM(Platform Independent Model), Materialization technique, and to build PSM(Platform Specific Model) adapt to materialization environment, and then to be the technique transforming into language Platform suitable to materialization environment. It includes MOF(Meta-Object Facility), UML, XMI(XML Metadata Interchange), CWM(Common Warehouse Metamodel), the core of MDA. Though these operations MDA support automatic tools product the practicable system after carrying out transform operation with the above information. In this thesis, it will be approached how to design and materialize the Bachelor management system based on MDA and the importance of modeling should be emphasized by applying to the approach method based on MDA. It should be suggested how to develop software efficiently, written it out in PIM, and suggested the process transforming PSM into EJB by J2EE Platform. The system is designed and implemented using automatic tool, edit machine(Together Architect 2006 for Eclipse, Edit plus2) supporting MDA and Database Modeling tool(ER/WIN 4.1). In conclusion, it should be suggested the efficiency analysis result for development process of traditional and based on MDA.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.14-17
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• 2005

Recycled polyol was obtained by glycolysis of MDI-based Polyurethane(PU) rigid foam. The chemical structure of the recycled pclyol was confirmed by GC(gas chromatography) and 1H-NMR. The recycled polyol throughout the glycolysis contained liquid polyol and methylenedianiline(MDA). MDA which could cause liver cancer is carcinogenic material. TWA(Time Weighted Average.) amount for MDA in MSDS(Material Safety Data Sheets) was confined less than 0.1 ppm. The melting temperature of MDA is $92^{\circ}C$, and boiling temperature is $398^{\circ}C$. During the gylcolysis most of MDA was dissolved in liquid polyol. The probability that MDA diffuses into the atmosphere is low but there could be an absorption of MDA into skin. Furthermore because MDA is amine compound, recycled polyol which contained MDA had a difficulty in reaction control of polyurethane. Therefore reduction of MDA amount was needed strongly. In this study the elimination of MDA were performed through deamination of the recycled polyol by glycidyl ether compounds. As glycolysis was proceeded, the amount of MDA was 9.8 wt % at early stage and increased up to 14.0 wt % after 8 hours reaction. It was found that 2-Ethylhexyl glycidyl ether which contains aliphatic moiety was very effective compound for eliminating the primary aromatic amine compound :md the optimal mole ratio of 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether to MAD was 3. The final polyol after deamination by 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether has an appropriate viscosity(less than 500 centi poise) for polyurethane reaction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate sensitivity of woody plants growing in urban and industrial regions of Seoul and Taejon, Korea. Malondialdehyde(MDA) contents were analyzed in tree foliage of Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Ginkgo biloba, Liriodendron tulipifera and Platanus occidentalis. In addition, MDA contents were analyzed in the foliage of tree seedlings, i.e. Pinus densiflora. Pinus koraiensis, Ginkgo biloba and Liriodendron tulipifera, with the fumigation of $SO_2$ in gas chamber 4 hours a day for six days. MDA contents of leaves in Ginkgo biloba, Platanus occidentalis and Liriodendron tulipifera in polluted regions were higher than those in unpolluted region and among them Liriodendron tulipifera had the highest. MDA contents of Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis increased with the increase of needle age. MDA contents of Liriodendron tulipifera seedlings were increased with the higher concentrations of $SO_2$ but MDA contents in other seedlings showed no changes with $SO_2$ treatment concentrations. MDA contents in all species were increased with the passage of exposure day. Especially. Liriodendron tulipifera had higher MDA content than other species. In Liriodendron tulipifera the MDA production increased with the passage of exposure day until the fourth day after that decreased.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.835-846
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• 2005

A Product Line (PL) is a set of products (applications) that share common assets in a domain. Product Line Engineering (PLE) is a set of principles, techniques, mechanisms, and processes that enables the instantiation of produce lines. Core assets, the common assets, are created and instantiated to make products in PLE. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is a new software development paradigm that emphasizes its feasibility with automatically developing product. Therefore, we can get advantages of both of the two paradigms, PLE and MDA, if core assets are represented as PIM in MDA with predefined automatic mechanism. PLE framework in the PIM level has to be interpreted by MDA tools. However, we do not have a standard UML profile for representing core assets. The research about representing PLE framework is not enough to make automatically core assets and products. We represent core asset in PIM level in terms of structural view and semantic view. We also suggest a method for representing architecture, component, workflow, algorithm, and decision model. The method of representing framework with PLE and MDA is used to improve productivity, applicability, maintainability and qualify of product.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.413-419
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• 2012

The melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (MDA-7) protein, also known as interleukin-24 (IL-24), is a novel candidate of tumor suppressor that can induce apoptosis experimentally in a variety of human malignant cells. However, there have been few studies about its role in colorectal cancer. We performed immunohistochemical detection of MDA-7/IL-24 in 399 tissue samples from primary colorectal adenocarcinoma patients using a tissue microarray. Western blotting was then done to confirm the immunohistochemical observations. MDA-7/IL-24 immunoreactivity was observed in 116 (29.1%) of the 399 colorectal adenocarcinoma cases. Analysis of the MDA-7/IL-24 expression by Western blotting confirmed the immunohistochemical results. The tumors with a negative MDA-7/IL-24 expression more frequently showed poor differentiation (P=0004), lymph node metastasis (P=0.001), deep invasion (P=0.008) and high stage (P=0.001). A subset of colorectal adenocarcinoma revealed a decreased expression of MDA-7/IL-24, and this was associated with progressive pathologic features. These findings suggest that loss of MDA-7/IL-24 expression may play a role in tumor growth and progression of colorectal adenocarcinomas.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.797-801
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• 1998

The cure kinetics for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A(DGEBA)/4, 4'-methylene dianiline(MDA) system with or without lOphr of phenyl glycidyl ether(PGE)-acetamide(AcAm) was studied by autocatalytic cure expression. On the dynamic DSC curves, the exothermic peak temperature and the onset temperature of reaction decreased with the addition of PGE-AcAm. Regardless of the addition of PGE-AcAm, the shape of the conversion curve showed sigmoid, and this meant that DGEBA/MDA and DGEBA/MDA/PGE-AcAm systems followed autocatalytic cure reaction. When PGE-AcAm was added to DGEBA/MDA system, the cure rate increased about 1.2~1.4 times due to the catalytic role of hydroxyl groups in PGE-AcAm.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.467-472
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• 1999

The isothermal cure behavior of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A(DGEBA) 4,4'-methylene dianiline(MDA) system with various contents of neopentyl glycol(NPG) has been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). TO increase the cure rate of DGEBA/MDA system, NPG was introduced as an accelerator. Regardless of the NPG content, the shape of the conversion curves showed sigmoid indication that DGEBA/MDA/NPG system followed autocatalytic cure reaction. The cure reaction of DGEBA/MDA system increased with the increment of NPG content and it was due to the catalytic role of hydroxyl groups of NPG.