• 제목/요약/키워드: MD5[3]

검색결과 624건 처리시간 0.028초

정상인 경수에 대한 확산텐서영상과 PC기법을 이용한 뇌척수액 속도 측정에 관한 연구 (Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Study of Cine Phase Contrast in Normal Cervical Spinal Cords)

  • 손봉경;곽소영;한용희;유장선;김옥화;고현윤;문치웅
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.123-132
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    • 2013
  • 목적 : 정상인 경수에 대한 내부 부위별, 경수 레벨별 확산텐서영상과 뇌척수액 속도에 대한 정상인 기준을 마련하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 정상인을 대상으로 3T MRI를 이용하여 영상을 획득하였다. 확산텐서영상은 척수 레벨별로 각각 미리 정의해둔 백질의 후삭, 좌, 우 측삭과 회백질에 관심영역을 정하여 FA, MD에 대한 평균값을 구하였다. PC 기법을 이용한 뇌척수액 속도 측정은 C2-3, C4-5, C5-6 척수레벨을 각각 스캔한 후, 척수 레벨별 최대 수축기 및 이완기 속도를 측정하였다. 결과 : FA 값과 MD 값에서 회백질과 백질의 내부 구조 사이에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이 (p < 0.05)를 보였다. 경수 레벨별에서는 회백질의 FA 값에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이(p < 0.05)를 보였으며, 나머지 부분에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (p > 0.05). 뇌척수액 속도 측정 결과, 평균 최대 수축기 속도 $5.18{\pm}2.00cm/sec$, 평균 최대 이완기 속도 $-7.32{\pm}3.18cm/sec$ 이었으며, 경수 레벨별로는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (p > 0.05). 결론 : 정상인에 대한 경수 확산텐서영상의 정량적 수치 및 경수 레벨에 영향을 받지 않는 뇌척수액 속도에 대한 평균치를 알 수가 있었다.

해수담수화 막 증류 공정에서 유입수 전처리 적용에 따른 막 오염 평가 (Prevention of membrane fouling by roughing filter for the stand-alone MD process)

  • 윤택근;정성필;김혜원;홍승관;이석헌
    • 상하수도학회지
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.301-307
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    • 2018
  • Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermally driven desalination process with a hydrophobic membrane. MD process has been known to have a lower fouling potential compared to other pressure-based membrane desalination process (NF, RO). However, membrane fouling also occurs in MD process. In this study, the membrane fouling was observed in MD process according to the pre-treatment processes. The filtration and precipitation processes were applied as the pre-treatment to prevent the membrane fouling. The pore sizes of roughing filters were 0.4, 5, 10, 30, and $60{\mu}m$. The concentration of the coagulant was 1.2 mg/L as $FeCl_3$. The membrane fouling on MD membrane was successfully removed with both pre-treatment processes.

백미대맥(白米大麥) 및 속(粟) 사료(飼料)가 실험용(實驗用) 백서(白鼠)에 미치는 영양학적(營養學的) 및 생물화학적(生物化學的) 연구(硏究) (Biochemical and Nutritional Effects of Rice, Barley, and Millet on Rats)

  • 허검
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.9-18
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    • 1968
  • Dividing into six(6) experimental groups; Stock Diet(SD) Group, Rice Diet(RD) Group, Rice Diet supplemented with Barley(RD-BD) Group, Barley Diet(BD) Group, Rice Diet supplemented with Millet(RD-MD) Group, and Millet Diet(MD) Group, biochemical and nutritional effects of rice, barley, and millet on rats are studied. The grains used in this experiment are polished ones and purchased from market. Six(6) weaning male albino rats are housed into the individual cages in each group and fed with each experimental diet and water ad libitum for 21 weeks. The composition of the experimental diets are shown in Table 1. At the end of experiment, the appearences of rats are observed and the bloods are sampled by heart puncture method following ether anesthesia for determinations of serum protein and serum cholesterol. And the livers are sampled immediately right after heart after heart puncture for determinations of liver weight, liver nitrogen, liver fat, and liver glycogen. And also liver tissues are observed histologically. The result of growth experiment is shown in Table 2 and Figure 7. The results of blood analysis are shown in Table 3 and the results of liver analysis are shown in Table 4. And the histological observations of liver tissue are shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. According to the above results, it could be summarized as follows; 1) The normal appearences are observed at SD Group and BD Group. Alopecia is observed at RD, RD-­BD, RD-MD, and MD groups and the wet appearences of hair are observed at RD-MD and MD groups. The color of hair is changed to yellowish white at RD, RD-MD groups. The maximum growth inhibition, is observed at MD group and the growths of RD, RD-BD, BD, and RD-MD groups are significantly lower than that of SD group. The growth of RD group is lower than those of RD-BD and BD groups, though this difference is not significant. 2) At the blood analysis, the highest serum protein content is shown at SD group and the lowest serum protein is observed at MD group. The serum cholesterol contents are not significantly different among the six(6) experimental groups. 3) The highest liver weight is observed at SD group and the lowest weight is shown at MD group. However, oppositely the highest liver weight per 100 grams of body weight at MD group and the lowest liver weight per 100 grams of body weight at SD group are observed as shown in Table 6. 4) The differences of liver nitrogen contents of RD, RB-BD, BD, RD-MD, and MD Groups are not significant except SD group showing the highest content. 5) The significant highest content of liver fat is observed at RD group and the lowest content of liver fat is shown at SD group. And no significant differences in contents of liver glycogen are observed among the six(6) experimental groups. 6) No significant abnormal histological changes of liver tissue are observed at SD, RD-BD, and BD groups. However, the fat metamorphosis at peripheral zone of liver tissue is observed at RD Group and the some histological abnormal changes are observed at RD-MD and MD groups. According to the above summaries, the followings might be estimated and recommended; 1) The BD group shows histological normality of liver tissue, improvement of liver fat and liver nitrogen, normality of appearence, and better growth compared with RD Group. This could be indicated that barley is nutritionally and biochemically better than rice as the feeding diet on rat. And it might be considered that there might be the species speciality for nutritionary evaluation of food. 2) Recently, Marshall indicated that the high consumption of carbohydrate causes fatty liver and Kondo reported that the higher consumption of rice causes the more heart disease and the shorter life span. Considering these reports, the higher consumption of rice as a main dish in our country should be considered as an important national nutritional problem. And this might be improved by supplementing with barley or other grains to rice.

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Staphylococcus aureus의 Coagulase 생성능과 R-플라스미드 분리에 관한 연구 (Studies of Coagulase Production and Isolation of R-plasmid from Staphylococcus aureus)

  • 윤효숙;이형환;김수영
    • 대한미생물학회지
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.259-266
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    • 1987
  • A total of 129 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus species was characterized by the tests of coagulase production, haemagglutination, mannitol fermentation, DNase production and hemolysis. Ninety-nine out of them showed positive reactions to the tests, therefore they were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. The isolates showing positive reaction in haemagglutination test also showed 100% of tube coagulase positive reaction. The haemagglutination test was a reliable method for identifying Staphylococcus aureus in the clinical laboratory. S. aureus produced stronger hemolysis with human blood agar than with sheep blood agar. Antibiotic resistant S. aureus isolates(S-46, S-112, S-126) had 4 to 6 p]asmid DNA elements. The S-112 strain had 6 plasmid DNA elements(1.8, 2.2, 3.7, $26.3{\sim}50$, and 70 Mdaltons), the S-126 had 4 elements(2.6, 4.2, $4.6{\sim}60Md$), and the S-46 had 1 element(${\sim}100Md$). PPSA strain had 4 plasmid DNA elements(2.5, 4.2, $4.6{\sim}60Md$) and S. aureurs(ATCC) strain contained 9.4, 26.3 and ${\sim}50Md$ plasmid DNA elements.

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Multiscale Modeling of Radiation Damage: Radiation Hardening of Pressure Vessel Steel

  • Kwon Junhyun;Kwon Sang Chul;Hong Jun-Hwa
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.229-236
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    • 2004
  • Radiation hardening is a multiscale phenomenon involving various processes over a wide range of time and length. We present a multiscale model for estimating the amount of radiation hardening in pressure vessel steel in the environment of a light water reactor. The model comprises two main parts: molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and a point defect cluster (PDC) model. The MD simulation was used to investigate the primary damage caused by displacement cascades. The PDC model mathematically formulates interactions between point defects and their clusters, which explains the evolution of microstructures. We then used a dislocation barrier model to calculate the hardening due to the PDCs. The key input for this multiscale model is a neutron spectrum at the inner surface of reactor pressure vessel steel of the Younggwang Nuclear Power Plant No.5. A combined calculation from the MD simulation and the PDC model provides a convenient tool for estimating the amount of radiation hardening.

알레르기 비염 동물 모델에서 유산균 발효 신이(辛夷)의 효과 (The Effects of Probiotics-Fermented Magnolia Denudata in Ovalbumin Induced Allergic Rhinitis Animal Model)

  • 송민경;홍승욱
    • 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.35-49
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    • 2013
  • Objectives : We aimed to determine therapeutic effects of probiotics-fermented Magnolia denudata(MD) in the allergic rhinitis model mice. Methods : Polyphenol production, DPPH radical scavenging activity and NO inhibition of fermented MD by different bacterial strains were evaluated to select the one that is most suitable for fermentation. Thirty C57BL/6 mice were divided randomly into 5 groups as follows: normal group, ovalbumin(OVA)-treated plus water fed(CON group), OVA-treated plus unfermented MD fed(UMD group), OVA-treated plus fermented autoclaved MD fed(A-FMD group) and OVA-treated plus fermented unautoclaved MD fed(FMD group). After 9 weeks, we observed changes in the blood cell count, OVA-specific IgE level, nasal rubbing, nasal mucosal tissue and body weight. Results : Extract of MD fermented by Bifidobacterium breve(BB) for 48 hours showed the highest anti-oxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity out of all the other bacterial strains. The number of eosinophil count in A-FMD, FMD group and platelet count in FMD group showed statistically significant decrease(p<0.05). OVA-specific IgE level decreased in all 3 experimental groups, significantly in UMD and A-FMD group. Nasal symptoms were attenuated in all 3 experimental groups, statistically significant in A-FMD and FMD group (p<0.05). Histologically, infiltration of eosinophils into the nasal mucosa decreased in all 3 experimental groups, especially marked decrease in FMD group. Conclusions : According to the above results, it is considered that probiotics-fermented Magnolia denudata has inhibitory effects on the allergic rhinitis animal models.

소아에서 발생한 천공성 메켈게실 (Perforation of Meckel's Diverticulum in Children)

  • 길태환;윤정훈;김상우;허영수
    • Advances in pediatric surgery
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.28-32
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    • 2002
  • Meckel's diverticulum (MD) occurs in approximately 2 % of the population. The major complications of MD are bleeding, intestinal obstruction, infection and perforation. Perforation is the least common but most serious complication, the incidence od which is about 5-10 %. The causes of perforation are inflammatory diverticulitis and peptie ulceration. the purpose of study is to review the characteristics of perforated MD in children. Six patients with perforated MD who had been operated upon at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Yeungnam University Hospital from April 1984 to July 2001 were included. Male predominated in a ratio of 5:1 and there were 2 neonates. The chief complaints were abdominal pain and distension. Half of the children showed a past history of bloody stools. The average age was 4 year and 9 months. The mean distance from the ileocecal valve to the diverticulum was 60 cm. Average length of the diverticulum was approximately 3 cm and width was 1.7 cm. The perforation site was the tip of the diverticulum in 3 cases, the base in 2 cases and along the lateral border in one. In two patients, ectopic gastric mucosa was found in the specimen. All of the patients were operated upon with a diagnosis of peritonitis of unknown etiology. In conclusion, when a child shows symptoms of acute abdomen or peritonitis, especially in boys, with the history of bloody stools and episodic abdominal pain, perforated MD should be suspected.

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MD 매질을 이용한 이동통신용 Quad-Band 소형 안테나 설계 및 구현에 관한 연구 (A Study on Design and Fabrication of Quad-Band Small Antenna with MD(magneto-dielectric) material for mobile Applications)

  • 김우수;윤철;오순수;강석엽;박효달
    • 한국정보통신학회논문지
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.1270-1276
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    • 2010
  • 본 논문에서는 GSM850/GSM900/DCS1800/DCS1900 대역의 Quad-Band 안테나를 설계 및 제작하였다. 안테나의 소형화를 위해 MD(Magneto-Dielectric) 매질을 사용하여 기존의 PIFA(Planar Inverted-F Antenna) 안테나 보다 67.9%의 크기를 감소시켰으며, 광대역 특성을 얻기 위해 접지된 패치 구조로 커플링 방식을 이용한 간접급전 구조를 사용하였다. 제안한 안테나는 휴대 단말기에 적합한 소형화된 사이즈 ($25\;mm\;{\times}\;10\;mm\;{\times}\;2\;mm$)를 가지며, 동축 케이블을 이용하여 급전하였다. 또한 임피던스 대역폭은 VSWR < 3 (${\leq}\;-6\;dB$)에서 1341 MHz(801~2142 MHz)의 광대역 특성을 나타내며, 동작 대역에서 -6.67~4.25 dBi의 이득 및 전방향성 방사특성을 얻었다.

절임 공정 중 절단 배추의 품질 향상을 위한 maltodextrin과 grape seed extract 첨가조건 최적화 (Optimization of supplementation with maltodextrin and grape seed extract for improving quality of shredded Korean cabbage (Brassica rapaL. ssp. Pekinensis) during salting process)

  • 박상언;최은지;정영배;한응수;박해웅;천호현
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제23권7호
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    • pp.913-922
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 절단 절임배추의 미생물학적 안전성과 품질확보를 위해 maltodextrin(MD)과 grape seed extract(GSE)를 첨가한 새로운 절임 조건을 개발하고자 수행되었다. 반응 표면분석법을 이용하여 분석한 결과, 10.09~10.32% NaCl, 9.45~10.00% MD와 234~300 ppm GSE를 병합한 절임염수와 5.68~5.94 hr의 절임시간이 절단 배추의 최적 절임 조건으로 나타났다. 이 절임 조건하에서 절단 배추의 총호기성 세균과 효모 및 곰팡이 수는 3.33과 1.45 log CFU/g까지 각각 감소한 반면 관능적 품질인 맛, 조직감과 종합적 기호도는 6점 이상의 높은 점수를 유지하였다. 또한 이 절임조건은 절임 중 적절한 배추의 중량감소율인 15~23%와 절임배추의 최적 염도인 1.5~2.0%를 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구결과, MD와 GSE가 첨가된 절임염수는 배추의 위해미생물 감소뿐만 아니라 품질유지에 효과를 보여줌으로써 김치 제조를 위한 배추의 절임공정에 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다.

Comparison of the Muscle Activities of Upper Trapezius and Middle Deltoid between Subjects with and without Elevation of Shoulder Girdle during Arm Elevation

  • Weon, Jong-Hyuck;Jung, Do-Young
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • 제24권6호
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    • pp.388-392
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: Muscle imbalance between upper trapezius (UT) and serratus anterior (SA) during arm elevation is a factor causing shoulder dysfunction. However, there is no study to compare the muscle activities of the UT and middle deltoid (MD). The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle activities of the UT and MD between with and without elevation of shoulder girdle (ESG) during shoulder abduction. Methods: The subjects without (control group=9) or with (ESG group=8) participated in this study. The muscle activities of the UT and MD were measured using a electromyography during $90^{\circ}$ shoulder abducted position in both group. The data in middle of 3-second of the 5-second periods were used. The mean value of three trials was used in the data analysis. For each muscle, independent t-tests were performed to compare for group differences. Results: The muscle activity of UT was significantly greater in ESG group, compared to that of the control group (p<0.05). The muscle activity of MD was significantly smaller in ESG group, compared to that of the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings showed that low muscle activation of MD as well as SA may contribute to hyperactivity of UT during arm elevation.