• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.52-55
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• 2003

There is considerable evidence that ionizing radiation (IR) mediates checkpoint control, repair and cell death. In this study, we have used a high density microarray hybridization approach to characterize the transcriptional response of human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell line to ${\gamma}$-radiation, such as 4 Gy 4 hr, 8 Gy 4 hr, and 8 Gy 12 hr. We found that exposure to ${\gamma}$-ray alters by at least a $log_2$ factor of 1.0 the expression of 115 known genes. Of the 66 genes affected by ${\gamma}$-radiation, 49 are down-regulated. In our results, the cellular response to irradiation includes induction of the c-jun and EGR1 early response genes. The present work has examined potential cytoplasmic signaling cascades that transduce IR-induced signals to the nucleus. 40S ribosomal protein s6 kinase modulates the activities of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun $NH_2$-terminal kinase (JNK1) cascades in human monocytic leukemia (U937/pREP4) cells. 14-3-3 family members are dimeric phosphoserine -binding proteins that participate in signal transduction and checkpoint control pathways.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1119-1122
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• 2016

Background: Punica granatum (PG) has been demonstrated to possess antitumor effects on various types of cancer cells. In this study, we determined antiproliferative properties of a seed extract of PG (PSE) from Iran in different human cancer cells. Materials and Methods: A methanolic extract of pomegranate seeds was prepared. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were assessed by colorimetric assays. Antioxidant activity was determined with reference to DPPH radical scavenging activity. The cytotoxicity of different doses of PSE (0, 5, 20, 100, 250, 500, $1000{\mu}g/ml$) was evaluated by MTT assays with A549 (lung non small cell carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), SKOV3 (ovarian cancer cells), and PC-3 (prostate adenocarcinoma) cells. Results: Significant (P<0.01) or very significant (P<0.0001) differences were observed in comparison to negative controls at all tested doses ($5-1000{\mu}g/ml$). In all studied cancer cells, PSE reduced the cell viability to values below 23%, even at the lowest doses. In all cases, IC50 was determined at doses below $5{\mu}g/ml$. In this regard, SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells were the most responsive to antiproliferative effects of PSE with a maximum mean growth inhibition of 86.8% vs. 82.8%, 81.4% and 80.0% in MCF-7, PC-3 and A549 cells, respectively. Conclusions: Low doses of PSE exert potent antiproliferative effects on different human cancer cells SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells as most and A549 cells ar least responsive regarding cytotoxic effects. However, the mechanisms of action need to be addressed.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.205-206
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• 2009

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.665-670
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• 2014

We isolated twelve lignans and three terpenoids were isolated from the n-hexane fraction of Schisandra chinensis extract. Using spectroscopic data and comparison with available literature, the following compounds were identified: (1) wuweizisu C, (2) gomisin N, (3) deoxyschisandrin, (4) gomisin A, (5) schisandrin, (6) chamigrenal, (7) schisanlactone D, (8) methylgomisin O, (9) angeloylgomisin O, (10) (-)-gomisin $L_2$, (11) schisandronic acid, (12) (-)-gomisin $L_1$, (13) (+)-gomisin $K_3$, (14) gomisin J, and (15) tigloylgomisin H. Notably, this was the first finding that compound (8) was isolated from this plant. Each compound was evaluated for its in vitro cytotoxic activities toward HL-60 (human leukemia), HeLa (human cervical carcinoma), and MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell lines. Compounds (7), (8), and (9) exhibited strong cytotoxic effects on HL-60 ($IC_{50}$ 7.37, 6.60, and $8.00{\mu}M$, respectively), whereas compound (6) exhibited weak cytotoxicity towards MCF-7 ($IC_{50}$ $30.50{\mu}M$). In addition, compound (8) showed the strongest activity towards HeLa cells ($IC_{50}$ $1.46{\mu}M$).

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 1998

BRCA1 is a tumor suppresser gene in familial cases of breast cancer. It has been controversial whether the subcellular localization of BRCA1 is located in nuclei or cytoplasm in normal human breast cells. We found that a p220 protein was expressed in Type II Normal human breast epithelial cells (NHBEC) but not in Type I NHBEC in Western blot analysis using the 17F8 (3A2) antibody. Immunostaining using the same antibody revealed positive staining in nuclei, cytoplasm and perinuclei of Type II cells and negative staining in Type I NHBEC. The p220 protein, however, was expressed in SV40 immortalized Type I NHBEC and tumorigenic cells derived from them after x-ray and neu oncogene treatment. The subcelluar localization was mostly cytoplasmic and punctate in the nuclei. The breast carcinoma cell lines, MCF-7 and T47D, also expressed the p220 protein. Using RT-PCR, we observed the expression of BRCA1 mRNA in both Type I and Type II NHBEC. This result indicated that there might be mechanisms involved in post-translational or translational regulation of BRCA1 gene. It is speculated that the absence of BRCA1 protein expression in Type I NHBEC might playa role in their susceptibility to neoplastic transformation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2335-2340
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• 2014

Paclitaxel is hydrophobic in nature and is recognized as a highly toxic anticancer drug, showing adverse effects in normal body sites. In this study, we developed a polymeric nano drug carrier for safe delivery of the paclitaxel to the cancer that releases the drug in a sustained manner and reduces side effects. N-isopropylacrylamide/vinyl pyrrolidone (NIPAAm/VP) nanoparticles were synthesized by radical polymerization. Physicochemical characterization of the polymeric nanoparticles was conducted using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, which confirmedpolymerization of formulated nanoparticles. Drug release was assessed using a spectrophotometer and cell viability assays were carried out on the MCF-7 breast cancer and B16F0 skin cancer cell lines. NIPAAm/VP nanoparticles demonstrated a size distribution in the 65-108 nm range and surface charge measured -15.4 mV. SEM showed the nanoparticles to be spherical in shape with a slow drug release of ~70% in PBS at $38^{\circ}C$ over 96 h. Drug loaded nanoparticles were associated with increased viability of MCF-7 and B16F0 cells in comparison to free paclitaxel. Nano loaded paclitaxel shows high therapeutic efficiency by sustained release action for the longer period of time, i increasing its efficacy and biocompatibility for human cancer therapy. Therefore, paclitaxel loaded (NIPAAm/VP) nanoparticles may provide opportunities to expand delivery of the drug for clinical selection.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2014

Flos Sophorae, the dried flower bud of Sophora japonica L, possesses anti-inflammatory properties, prevents and treats blood capillary and hypertension diseases and can also be used as a hemostat. However, the effect of Flos Sophorae on breast cancer invasion is unknown. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which degrades the extracellular matrix, is a major component in cancer cell invasion. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Flos Sophorae extract (FSE) on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and cell invasion, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells. FSE inhibited the TPA-induced transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$). These results indicate that FSE-mediated inhibition of TPA-induced MMP-9 expression and cell invasion involves the suppression of NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway in MCF-7 cells. Thus, FSE may have therapeutic potential for controlling breast cancer invasiveness.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.183.2-184
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• 2003

Zinc is known to have an inhibitory effect on apoptosis and an antioxidative effect scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) under oxidative stress. We studied the influence of zinc on cadmium-induced apoptosis especially associated with ROS in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line. For the determination of appropriate experimental concentration and time, we excecuted MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and DNA fragmentation assay. (omitted)

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2010

It has been shown that CA repeats in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of bcl-2 mRNA contribute the constitutive decay of bcl-2 mRNA and that hnRNP L (heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L) interacts with CA repeats in the 3'-UTR of bcl-2 mRNA, both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to determine whether the alteration of hnRNP L affects the stability of bcl-2 mRNA in vivo. Human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells were transfected with hnRNP L-specific shRNA or hnRNP L-expressing vector to decrease or increase hnRNP L levels, respectively, followed by an actinomycin D chase. An RT-PCR analysis showed that the rate of degradation of endogenous bcl-2 mRNA was not affected by the decrease or increase in the hnRNP L levels. Furthermore, during apoptosis or autophagy, in which bcl-2 expression has been reported to decrease, no difference in the degradation of bcl-2 mRNA was observed between control and hnRNP L-knock down MCF-7 Cells. On the other hand, the levels of AUF-1 and nucleolin, transacting factors for ARE in the 3'UTR of bcl-2 mRNA, were not significantly affected by the decrease in hnRNP L, suggesting that a disturbance in the quantitative balance between these transacting factors is not likely to interfere with the effect of hnRNP L. Collectively, the findings indicate that the decay of bcl-2 mRNA does not appear to be directly controlled by hnRNP L in vivo.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.274-279
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• 2008

This study investigated the antimutagenic and anticancer effects of soybean sauce (kanjang) supplemented with deep sea water and Sea Tangle. The Ames test indicated that kanjang had no mutagenicity but it significantly inhibited mutations induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). Kanjang (200 ug/plate) with supplementary deep sea water and Sea Tangle had approximately 90.9% and 62.0% inhibitory effect, respectively, against mutagenesis of TA100 induced by MNNG and 4NQO. There was 61.7% inhibition of mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against the TA98 strain. Kanjang inhibited growth of cell lines of human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), human gastric carcinoma (AGS), human lung carcinoma (A549), and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with kanjang supplemented with 1.0 mg/mL deep sea water had cytotoxicities of 69.4% 70.5% 55.6% 82.1 % and 73.2% against HeLa, Hep3B, AGS, A549 and MCF-7 cells respectively. In contrast kanjang supplemented with 1 mg/mL deep sea water had only $10{\sim}40%$ cytotoxicity on normal human embryonal kidney cells (293). Kanjang supplemented with deep sea water significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice injected sarcoma-180 cells. In particular, kanjang supplemented with deep sea water (25 mg/kg) inhibited tumor cell activity by 40.9%.