• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2015

The objective of this work was to treat complex mal-odor of food waste with micro-bubbles from enhanced wet scrubber system, where the pilot plant was operated. Micro bubbles from the enhanced reactor of venturi scrubber were successfully generated through the air atomizing process with high velocity more than 60 m/sec and played an important role in the removal of mal-odor. Mal-odor was effectively changed into the micro-bubble and treated with washing chemicals together. Through establishing two series connection of the reactors, 85.2 % removal efficiency of complex mal-odor was obtained in case of average 940 times of input air. 0.35 kg/hr of sulfuric acid, 0.188 kg/hr of sodium hydroxide and 0.043 kg/hr of hypochlorite were injected for chemical washing.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 1994

Various antimicrobial agents are widely used for the purpose of antimicrobial process. We investigated antimicrobial activity and reduction efficiency of mal-ordour by the diphenyl ether compound (2,4,4'- trichloro -2'- hydroxy diphenyl ether) against Sraphylocom aureus(S.aureus and Proton vulgaris(p.vulgaris causing the mal-ordour, Especially, the diphenyl ether compound is not restricted to the regulation of water-contamination. In this research, we found that the optimum concentration of diphenyl ether compound was 1.5w% for both strains and antimicrobial expressions were c0.38t= 2.56 for S.aureus, c0.38t=2.67 for P.vulgaris. We found also that -OH group played the role of antimicrobial functional group. Lastly, reduction effect of mal-ordour was more than 90% for both strain at the optimum conditions. Key Words : antimicrobial agents, antimicrobial activity, reduction effect of mal-ordour, antimicrobial expression, antimicrobial functional group.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.667-678
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• 2021

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were first oxidized (O-CNTs) to introduce carboxylic group and then further functionalized (F-CNTs) with m-phenylenediamine, which was confirmed by FTIR and SEM. It was used as an effective adsorbent for the adsorptive removal of diclofenac drug from water. Under optimum conditions of pH 6, stirring speed 600 rpm, the maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 532 mg g^-1 which is superior to the values reported in literature. The adsorption was quite rapid as 25 mg L^-1 drug solution was adsorbed in only 3 minutes of contact time with 10 mg of adsorbent dose. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were studied using various models to evaluate the adsorption process. The results showed that the data best fit in kinetics pseudo-second order and Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, the oxidized and functionalized MWCNTs were applied on gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus using agar disc diffusion assay to validate their anti-microbial activity. Results were unique as both oxidized and functionalized MWCNTs were equally active against both E. coli and S. aureus. The newly synthesized F-CNTs have great potential in water treatment, with their dual action of removing drug and pathogens from water, makes it potential applicant to save environment.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1466-1488
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• 2022

Recently, the importance and necessity of artificial intelligence (AI), especially machine learning, has been emphasized. In fact, studies are actively underway to solve complex and challenging problems through the use of AI systems, such as intelligent CCTVs, intelligent AI security systems, and AI surgical robots. Information security that involves analysis and response to security vulnerabilities of software is no exception to this and is recognized as one of the fields wherein significant results are expected when AI is applied. This is because the frequency of malware incidents is gradually increasing, and the available security technologies are limited with regard to the use of software security experts or source code analysis tools. We conducted a study on MalDC, a technique that converts malware into images using machine learning, MalDC showed good performance and was able to analyze and classify different types of malware. MalDC applies a preprocessing step to minimize the noise generated in the image conversion process and employs an image augmentation technique to reinforce the insufficient dataset, thus improving the accuracy of the malware classification. To verify the feasibility of our method, we tested the malware classification technique used by MalDC on a dataset provided by Microsoft and malware data collected by the Korea Internet & Security Agency (KISA). Consequently, an accuracy of 97% was achieved.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.171-179
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• 2007

The objective of this GM Red-X project was to reduce customer complaints on Kalos, Lacetti, Magnus as reported through 2004.1 - 2005.1 warranty performance. Seatbelt alarm lamp mal-function problem is connected with safety. So it is critical issue. Seatbelt alarm lamp mal-function which caused by buckle occurred 22 cases from 2004.1 to 2005.1.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.585-591
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• 2016

DOCR can be used to efficiently increase the reliability and to protect the bi-directional D/L(Distribution Lines). As more DG(Distributed Generation)s attempt to connect the bi-directional D/L, there is an increasing need for studies of how to use DOCR installed in the D/L. This paper investigates the operating principles of DOCR and presents the results an effect of sequence and fault impedance in L-L(Line to Line) fault. An advanced DOCR operating algorithm is proposed to reduce the mal-operation of conventional DOCR. The proposed algorithm is applied to the bi-directional power flow system and shows that it decreases the mal-operation of DOCR through the computer simulation.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.01a
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• pp.209-216
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• 2007

고도의 지식정보사회 속에서 논리적 사고력과 창의력, 문제해결력을 길러주는 프로그래밍 교육의 필요성은 더욱 강조되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 초등학생들에게 적합한 교육용 프로그래밍 언어인 JavaMAL을 활용하여, 프로그래밍의 함수개념 형성을 위한 학습모형을 구안 적용하고 일반화 가능성을 탐색하고자 하였다. 먼저 기초적인 프로그래밍 요소 중 함수개념과 관련된 학습요소를 추출하여 차시별 지도계획을 수립하였다. 또한, 프로그래밍의 함수가 수학적 함수의 모방이라는 것에 착안하여 수학의 '규칙성과 함수'지도 단계를 LOGO의 문제해결력 수업모형인 안내된 발견식 교수법(guided discovery teaching method)에 강화한 후, 인터넷을 활용한 문제해결 수업모형을 구안하였다. 기본명령어와 변수개념을 이미 익힌 계발활동 부서 6학년 아동들을 지도 대상으로 한 달간 웹 기반 JavaMAL 환경에서 학습할 수 있도록 하였으며, 게시판 활동 및 활동지를 통해 함수개념 형성 여부를 측정하였다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2018

Vibrio vulnificus needs various responsive mechanisms to survive and transmit successfully in alternative niches of human and marine environments, and to ensure the acquisition of steady energy supply to facilitate such unique life style. The bacterium had genetic constitution very different from that of Escherichia coli regarding metabolism of glycogen, a major energy reserve. V. vulnificus accumulated more glycogen than other bacteria and at various levels according to culture medium and carbon source supplied in excess. Glycogen was accumulated to the highest level in Luria-Bertani (3.08 mg/mg protein) and heart infusion (4.30 mg/mg protein) complex media supplemented with 1% (w/v) maltodextrin at 3 h into the stationary phase. Regarding effect of carbon source, more glycogen was accumulated when maltodextrin (2.34 mg/mg protein) was added than when glucose or maltose (0.78.1-14 mg/mg protein) was added as an excessive carbon source to M9 minimal medium, suggesting that maltodextrin metabolism might affect glycogen metabolism very closely. These results were supported by the analysis using the malP (encoding a maltodextrin phosphorylase) and malQ (encoding a 4-${\alpha}$-glucanotransferase) mutants, which accumulated much less glycogen than wild type when either glucose or maltodextrin was supplied as an excessive carbon source, but at different levels (3.1-80.3% of wild type glycogen). Therefore, multiple pathways for glycogen metabolism were likely to function in V. vulnificus and that responding to maltodextrin might be more efficient in synthesizing glycogen. All of the glycogen samples from 3 V. vulnificus strains under various conditions showed a narrow side chain length distribution with short chains (G4-G6) as major ones. Not only the comparatively large accumulation volume but also the structure of glycogen in V. vulnificus, compared to other bacteria, may explain durability of the bacterium in external environment.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2003

Recent reports on the phagotrophic feeding of M. rubrum are based on cultivation experiments with novel isolates of this ciliate species from Gomso Bay, Korea. Photo-adapted cryptophyte(CR-MAL01) cultures at high light of 100 $\mu$mol photons m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ (HL) and low light of 10 $\mu$mol photons m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ (LL) were fed to M. rubrum (MR-MAL01) cultures under HL and LL conditions, respectively. Absorbance spectrum by LL M. rubrum showed the same peak at wavelengths around 542nm as that by LL cryptophyte prey, which was not showed in HL M. rubrum. This result supports the implication that light utilization and absorption pattern of M. rubrum population must depend on the status of photo-adaptation of the co-existing population of prey cryptophyte. Consequences of the present research results were discussed in relation to the function of the prey cryptophyte and phagotrophic M. rubrum in marine microbial ecosystem.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2004

In a series of feeding experiments using the newly established the first laboratory strain of a temperate photosynthetic ciliate, Mesodinium rubrum MR-MAL01, direct evidence was obtained for ingestion of the cultured M. rubrum cells by the bivalves like the Korean scallop, Chlamys farreri and Manila clam. Ruditapes phil-ippinarum. Each experimental Korean scallop and Manila clam removed up to 9,590 and 23,200 cells min-1, respectively. Small particles almost identical to the ruptured cells of MR-MAL01 culture were observed in the gut of the experimental bivalves, although no intact M. rubrum cell was found. In a 28 days rearing experiment, Isoshrysis galbana (KMCC H-2), a microalga, supported better growth of small Manila clam spat (0.46 mm in shell length) than MR-MAL01 strain. For the large Manila clam spat (0.84 mm in shell length), however. MR-MAL01 strain was a better prey item. Mass culture methods for this photosynthetic marine ciliate may be developed for use as live feed in aquaculture of the spat and broodstock of bivalve and small-mouthed fish larvae.