• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.3644-3649
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• 2011

Multinuclear solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments were performed to investigate the local structure changes of nanoporous silica during hydrothermal treatment and surface modification with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3-APTES). The nanoporous silica was prepared by sol-gel polymerization using inexpensive sodium silicate as a silica precursor. Using $^1H$ magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra, the hydroxyl groups, which play an important role in surface reactions, were probed. Various silicon sites such as $Q^2$, $Q^3$, $Q^4$, $T^2$, and $T^3$ were identified with $^{29}Si$ cross polarization (CP) MAS NMR spectra and quantified with $^{29}Si$ MAS NMR spectra. The results indicated that about 25% of the silica surface was modified. $^1H$ and $^{29}Si$ NMR data proved that the hydrothermal treatment induced dehydration and dehyroxylation. The $^{13}C$ CP MAS and $^1H$ MAS NMR spectra of 3-APTES attached on the surface of nanoporous silica revealed that the amines of the 3-aminopropyl groups were in the chemical state of ${NH_3}^+$ rather than $NH_2$.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2023

With the acceleration of globalization and economic integration, multinational enterprises are becoming more and more important in the international market, and Sinar Mas Group, one of the largest integrated companies in Indonesia, has become one of the most influential overseas Chinese companies in Indonesia due to its outstanding performance and leadership position. This study aims to analyze the success factors of Sinar Mas Group and reveal its competitive advantages in the global market. Founded in 1962, Sinar Mas Group is an integrated multinational company headquartered in Indonesia, with significant presence in various fields such as paper, palm oil, real estate, finance and energy, with operations in Indonesia and many other countries and regions around the world. This study investigates the aspects of corporate history, corporate status, and corporate competitiveness. In addition, this study analyzes the reasons for Sinar Mas Group's success using the SWOT model. By comprehensively analyzing these key factors, this paper provides readers with an insight into the vitality and remarkable achievements of this Indonesian corporate giant in the global market. This study will help Korea enter Indonesia and contribute to Indonesian business research.

• 한국지능정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지능정보시스템학회 2001년도 The Pacific Aisan Confrence On Intelligent Systems 2001
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• pp.145-150
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• 2001

A Controlled Ecological Life Support System(CELSS) is essential for man to live a long time in a closed space such as a lunar base or a mars base. Such a system may be an extremely complex system that has a lot of facilities and circulates multiple substances,. Therefore, it is very difficult task to control the whole CELSS. Thus by regarding facilities constituting the CELSS as agents and regarding the status and action as information, the whole CELSS can be treated as multi-agent system(MAS). If a CELSS can be regarded as MAS the CELSS can have three advantages with the MAS. First the MAS need not have a central computer. Second the expendability of the CELSS increases. Third, its fault tolerance rises. However it is difficult to describe the cooperation protocol among agents for MAS. Therefore in this study we propose to apply reinforcement learning (RL), because RL enables and agent to acquire a control rule automatically. To prove that MAS and RL are effective methods. we have created the system in Java, which easily gives a distributed environment that is the characteristics feature of an agent. In this paper, we report the simulation results for material circulation control of the CELSS by the MAS and RL.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.1620-1632
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 볼륨렌더링을 위한 빠른 병렬 알고리즘을 제안하고, 이를 4,096개의 프로세서를 가진 MasPar MP-2범용병렬 컴퓨터에서 C 언어와 MPL(MasPar Programming Language)언어를 이용하여 구현하였다. 본 알고리즘은 현재 가장 빠른 순차 볼륨 렌더링 알고리즘으로 알려진 Lacroute의 Shear-Warp 알고리즘을 병렬화한 것이다. 본 병렬 알고리즘은 밀림변환 공간 분할 기법과 이전의 렌더링 단계에서 얻은 부하정보를 이용하여 다음 렌더링시 부하를 균형화하는 부하균형화 기법을 이용함으로써 통신 오버헤드를 줄이며, 연속길이부호화 기법에 의한 볼륨 데이터 구조를 이용함으로써 처리할 복셀의 수를 크게 줄인다. MasPar MP-23에서 $128\times128\times128$복셀로 구성된 인체 두뇌 볼륨 데이터세트에 대하여 실험한 결과 초당 3~4프레임의 속도로 렌더링하였으며 본 알고리즘의 확장성에 의하여 16,384개의 프로세서를 가진 MasPar MP-2 시스템에서는 초당 12~16프레임의 렌더링이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. 또한 더 큰 볼륨에 대해서도 최근의 SIMD 또는 MIMD 머신상에서는 초당 30~60프레임의 렌더링이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.554-560
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• 1995

본 논문은 크기가 n와 k인 nheap과 kheap을 병합시키기 위한 병렬 알고리즘을 제 시함과 동시에 그들을 MasPar상에 실제로 구현하고자 하는데 그 주된 목적이 있다. 이때, EREW-PRAM(Exclusive-Read Exclusive-Write Parallel Random Acess Machin)상에 서 max(2$^{-1}$, $\ulcorner$(m＋1)/4$\lrcorner$개의 프로세서를 이용해서 본 논문에 제시된 알고리즘 의 시간 복잡도가 O(log(n/k)＊log(n))임을 제시하였다. 여기서 i는 heap의 height를 뜻하며, m은 크기 n과 k의 합으로 구성된 것이다. 또한 이것을 MasPar 컴퓨터에 적용 을 시켰을 때, 테이타의 양이 8백만개이고, 64개의 프로세서를 이용한 경우의 speedup 을 33.934를 얻었다. 이때 적용된 데이타의 형태는 불완전 힙상에서 크기가 k〈n를 지 니는 경우의 처리이다. 그리고 이같이 제시된 알고리즘의 EPU(Effective Processor Utilization)을 계산하면 1인 최적의 speedup율을 나타냄을 알 수가 있다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.217-219
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• 2010

Spasticity is a motor disorder characterized by a velocity dependent increase in muscle tone with exaggerated tendon jerks, resulting from hyper-excitability of the stretch reflex. The aim of this study is to develop a portable system for quantifying the grade of spasticity which could calculate the biomechanical as well as neurophysiologic parameters, and for determining the relationship between the Tonic Stretch Reflex Threshold (TSRT) and Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Eleven patients with stroke participated in the study (6 males and 5 females, the average age of $64.5\pm16.0$ years). As a results, the mean and standard deviation values of the TSRT were $129.8\pm4.2$, $123.4\pm5.2$ and $119.1\pm2.6$ in the MAS 1, MAS 1+ and MAS 2 groups, respectively. Also, there was a negative correlation between the TSRT and MAS (rho=-0.72, p<0.05). This demonstrated that the TSRT could be made clinically available for the more objective and reliable evaluation of the spasticity, instead of using the conventional clinical scales and an isokinetic dynamometer.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.880-887
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• 2011

The Wireless Mesh Network(WMN) technology is able to provide an infrastructure for isolated islands, in which it is difficult to install cables or wide area such as battlefield. Therefore, WMN is frequently used to satisfy needs for internet connection and active studies and research on them are in progress. However, as a result of increase in number of hops under hop-by-hop communication environment has caused a significant decrease in throughput and an increase in delay. Considering the heavy traffic of real-time data, such as voice or moving pictures to adaptive WMN, in a military environment. Such phenomenon might cause an issue in fairness index. In order to resolve this issue, we proposed a Cluster Based Multi-channel Assignment Scheme(CB-MAS) for adaptive tactical wireless mesh network. In the CB-MAS, the communication between the Cluster-Head(CH) and cluster number nodes uses a channel has no effect on channels being used by the inter-CH links. Therefore, the CB-MAS can minimize the interference within multi-channel environments. Our Simulation results showed that CB-MAS achieves improved the throughput and fairness index in WMN.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 1995

본 논문은 redundancy를 제거함으로 해서 데이타의 축약을 할 수 있는 새로운 방법론 즉, 병렬 컴퓨터인 MasPar 머쉰에 적합한 새로운 데이타 구조를 제시하고자 하는데 그 주된 목적이 있다. 이것을 실제로 구현한 결과, 본 논문에 제시된 방법인 PDOCM (Parallel Dynamic Octal Compact Mapping)은 기존의 방법중 가장 효율이 좋은 것으로 나타난 Huffman 코드와 비교할때는 평균적으로 $30\%$정도, bit-mapping방법과 비교할때는 평균적으로 $40\%$ 정도의 우수성을 보였다. 그리고 10 백만개의 영문자를 이용해서 MasPar 기계에서 64개의 프로세서를 이용하여 구현시킨 결과 54.188의 가속화율을 얻으므로서 우수한 방법임을 알 수가 있었다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.319-330
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of home visiting physical therapy on the motor function and ADL in the person with chronic stroke. In this study, 50 individuals, lining in Ui-wang city, were chosen by Ui-wang city public health center and the home visiting physical therapy was performed once a week for 8 weeks and scored the MAS, the FIM and the MBI before and after. The results of this study were as follows. (1) The items with the highest score among subscales of the MAS was 'Sitting', the FIM was 'Comprehension', and the MBI was 'Ambulation' and the lowest were the MAS was 'Hand activities', the FIM was 'Bathing', and the MBI was 'Bathing self' respectively. (2) After 8 weeks home visiting physical therapy, average total score of MAS, FIM and MBI were 23.32, 89.00, and 61.72 and MAS and MBI a significant increment(p<0.05) but not FIM. Results shown here indicates that the home visiting physical therapy can result in changed the motor function and the ADL in the person with chronic stroke. Also, the results of this study can provide a reference for the successful therapeutic program in the persons with chronic stroke.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.519-528
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• 1997

The purpose of this research were to evaluate the overall capacity of activity in hemiplegic patients caused by stroke, to learn the relationship of the overall capacity of activity with 8 out of 9 subtest of the Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) excluding general tonus subtest, and to use in creation of more efficient rehabilitation program by using Motor Assessment Scale (MAS). Twenty-four stroke patients (14 men and 10 women) were the subjects in this study. Their average age was 59.5 and they received average of 17.88 month of therapy. Collected data analysis was completed by using Statistic Analysis System (SAS). The results were as follows: 1) There was no difference in capacity of activity between right hemiplegia and left hemiplegia. 2) There was no difference in capacity of activity compared therapeutic period and age. 3) In comparing the relationship of the each subtest with the overall capacity of activity, upper arm function showed the highest relation (pearson's r = 0.914), and balance sitting (pearson's r= 0.812) and supine to sitting overside of bed (pearson'sr = 0.746) also showed large relationship. 4) Hand movement (pearson's r = -0.45) and advanced hand activity (pearson's r = -0.401) revealed relationship of general tonus with each subtest. 5) Supine to sitting over side of bed (pearson's r = 0.74), balanced sitting(pearson's r = 0.523), and sitting to standing (pearson's r = 0.723) showed large relationship with walking.