• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 1999

This study has been performed to investigate the stress distribution around defects that behave as stress concentrators. Besides, the effect of stress interaction effects on the initiation of primary cracks were also investigated by rotary bending fatigue tests which were performed with specimens drilled micro surface defects and the stress distribution was analyzed using Finite Element Method. In addition, the stress interaction effects around defects and cracks were investigated by comparing the results of experiments and F.E.M. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1) Area which slip and micro cracks initiated at micro surface defects is between the maximum shear stress points and this area is over than ${\pm}30^{\circ}$ from the maximum stress point along the defect edge. 2) The stress interaction effect for the small size defect is larger than that of large size defect when the interval between them is near 3) Interval which there is no shear stress interaction effect analyzed by F.E.M. is larger than that of experimental results.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.285-292
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• 2008

To investigate the effect of tillage methods on the silage barely growth and the soil environment in paddy field, liquid pig manure(LPM) was applied after harvesting rice at Jisan series soil for 2 years. Five plots, a LPM applied rate as N%; 0, 100, 150, 200(basal dressing) and 100(basal dressing)+50(additional fertilizer) were divided by tillage methods; non-tillage, non-tillage+rice straw and rotary tillage method. Emission amounts of $NH_3$ gas highly decreased in the rotary tillage and the non-tillage+rice straw plot compared to non-tillage plot. The contents of soil organic matter and exchangeable cation were increased in the applied LPM plot. $NH_4-N$ and $NO_3-N$ contents in soil were the highest in the non-tillage+rice straw plot and followed by the rotary tillage and highly decreased along with the growth of plant. Run-off rate of mineral components were higher in order of the rotary tillage plot£æthe non-tillage plot£æthe non-tillage+rice straw plot and then leached to $SO_4$, $NO_3-N$, K plentifully. The yield of silage barley in dry weight was higher in order of the non-tillage+rice straw plot>the rotary tillage plot>the non-tillage plot. To estimate the feed value of silage barley, crude protein, acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) contents were analyzed. Crude protein and ADF contents were the highest at rotary tillage N150% plot as 9.7 and 29.4%, respectively. NDF contents was the highest at non-tillage+rice straw N150% plot as 56.7%. In conclusion, we recommend not to incinerate rice straw and to apply LPM at non-tillage status in cultivating the silage barley. This may prevent water pollution and increase barley yields.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.252-257
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• 2010

The experiments were carried out to develop ecological weed control system in wheat field of rice-wheat cropping system. The results were, depression effect on water foxtail by wheat seeding method decreased the seeding after doing soil rotary by 85% compared with the no practices. The occurrence of Water foxtail was 40 piece $m^{-2}$ on October 16, 29 piece $m^{-2}$ on October 26, and 4 piece $m^{-2}$ when surveying based on the standard of seeding the wheat at 15kg $ha^{-1}$ which decreased as the seeding time got later. According to the wheat seeding quantity 29 piece $m^{-2}$ occurred at 150kg $ha^{-1}$, and 8-11 piece $m^{-2}$ decreasingly at more than 200 kg $ha^{-1}$ of wheat seedlings based on seeding on October 26. As a result of summarizing the above results, crushing the soil by use of rotary before seeding wheat against the end of October, and seeding by increasing the seedling quantity (200 kg $ha^{-1}$) it is judged that the competition damage by weeds including water foxtail can be reduced without any use of herbicide.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2017

Recently climate change and urbananization have been increased surface runoff, resulting in flooding. Retention basins have been constructed to control urban flooding by reducing peak flow rate. Recently, the retention basin plays a role in controlling combined sewer overflows (CSOs) as well as urban flooding. In this study, the retention basin with a rotatable bucket was suggested and scale down experiments was performed for the optimum design of the retention basin. Scaled down model was produced using a 3D printer after it was designed as law of similarity. Two times for operating a rotary bucket is required to sweep out the sediments deposited on the bottom of the basin. Optimized dimensions for the retention basin were width of 5 m, height of 5 m, bucket radius of 0.5 m, and bottom slope of 5.0 %. It can be concluded that the results obtained from this study can be used to design the retention basin with a rotatable bucket which does not require energy to operate.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.4096-4104
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• 1976

This experiment was carried out to investigate the efficient turning method which will be able to use every cutting methods, to calculate the width of the center field which must transpose from rotary cutting method to return cutting method, to investigate the effects of L/W and unit field on the operation efficiency. The results are summarized as follows: 1. In case of cutting in the outer field, the efficient turning method is the "$\alpha$" type turning method (half U-shaped turning method) at the first rotation, is the "$\beta$" type turning method (T-shaped turning method) at the second to fourth rotation. 2. In case of cutting in the inner field, the efficient turning method which takes the least turning time is the "a" type turning method ($\Delta$-shaped turning method). 3. The width of the center field (W') changes by the length-width ratio (L/W) and width (W), W' is 9.0m in case that L/W is 2.5 and W is 30m. 4. The larger L/W and area of unit field (A) become, the more operation efficiency (E) increases, and the limits that E is affected signicantly by L/W is 2 to 3.5 and A is within 5,000$m^2$. within 5,000$m^2$.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2008

In order to save labor and cost, direct seeding has been considered as an important alternative to the machine transplanting in rice cultivation. Current direct seeding machines for rice in Korea drill irregularly under various operating conditions. This study was conducted to develope a precision seeder which enables the accurate, even-spaced in row placement of rice seeds at uniform depths of 3-4 cm on dry paddy. Design, construction and performance evaluation of the precision seeder were carried out. The tractor rear-mounted type 8-rows precision seeder which performs seeding in addition to fertilizing, ditching, and rotary tilling works on dry paddy was developed. Main components of the seeder were ditcher and leveller, rotary tiller, powered roller type furrow opener, seeding device, powered roller type furrow covering and firming device, hydraulic unit, seeding speed control system, power transmission system, hitch and frame. Ditching, furrow opening, and seed covering and firming performances were good and seeding depths of 2-4 cm could be maintained. Planting accuracies and planting precisions were within 13.6%, and 31.2%, respectively, for planting space of 15 cm, and seeding velocity of 0.5 m/s. These mean variations of average planting space were within 2.1 cm, and 90% of seeds in a hill were seeded within 4.7 cm of hill length, respectively. Error ratios between setting planting space and measured average planting space were shown within 6.7%. Therefore the seeder showed good planting performance up to seeding velocity of 0.5 m/s in field tests. And field capacity of the seeder was about 0.28 ha/hour.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.971-977
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• 2002

The isolated strain, Rhodococcus sp. EL-GT was able to degrade high phenol concentrations up to 10 mM within 24 hours in the medium consisting of 5.3 mM $KH_2PO_4$. 95 mM $Na_2HPO_4$, 18mM $NH_4NO_3$, 1 mM $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$,\;50{\mu}M CaCl_2$,\;0.5 {\mu}M FeCl_3$, initial pH 8.0, temperature $30^{\circ}C$ in rotary shaker at 200 rpm. This strain was good cell growth and phenol degradation in the alkaline pH range range, and the highest in the pH range of 7 to 9. The microorganism was able to grow at the various chlorinated phenols, benzene, toluene, and bunker-C oil. As Rhodococcus sp. EL-GT was good capable of attachment on the acryl media, it would be used as microorganism to consist of biofilm in wastewater treatment.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.549-553
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• 2003

SMB(simulated moving bed) chromatography system has been developed to realize continuous separation and save solvent consumption for binary mixture such as chiral compounds in especial. The parameters of SMB chromatography system can be calculated from mass balance equations of true moving bed chromatography, and they are used in design of 6-column SMB chromatography. We can separate 1'R-25 and 1'S-2S enantiomers as a raffinate product in 95% of purity using assembled SMB chromatography system.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.147-151
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• 1981

On the calcium silicate hydrothermal reaction, the effect of NaOH and KOH Studied. Forincreasing the yield of fibers and to promote crystal growth, Rotary autoclae has been used. By addition NaOH solution, approximately 150${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of pectolite was grown. By addition KOH solution, approximately 30${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of 11$\AA$-Tobermorite was grown under the conditon of 21$0^{\circ}C$ 10 days reaction. These results indicate that 11$\AA$-Tobermorite was stabilized by KOH over a wide Temperature and composition range.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.317-324
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• 2024

We demonstrate a direct growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of LiFePO₄ (LFP) powders for use in lithium-ion batteries (LIB). LFP has been widely used as a cathode material due to its low cost and high stability. However, there is a still enough room for development to overcome its low energy density and electrical conductivity. In this study, we fabricated novel structured composites of LFP and CNTs (LFP-CNTs) and characterized the electrochemical properties of LIB. The composites were prepared by direct growth of CNTs on the surface of LFP using a rotary chemical vapor deposition. The growth temperature and rotation speed of the chamber were optimized at 600 ℃ and 5 rpm, respectively. For the LIB cell fabrication, a half-cell was fabricated using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and carbon black as binder and conductive additives, respectively. The electrochemical properties of LIBs using commercial carbon-coated LFP (LFP/C), LFP with CNTs grown for 10 (LFP/CNTs-10m) and 30 min(LFP/CNTs-30m) are comparatively investigated. For example, after the formation cycle, we obtained 149.3, 160.1, and 175.0 mAh/g for LFP/C, LFP/CNTs-10m, and LFP/CNTs-30m, respectively. In addition, the improved rate performance and 111.9 mAh/g capacity at 2C rate were achieved from the LFP/CNTs-30m sample compared to the LFP/CNTs-10m and LFP/C samples. We believe that the approach using direct growth of CNTs on LFP particles provides straightforward solution to improve the conductivity in the LFP-based electrode by constructing conduction pathways.